TY - JOUR A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Portugal-Perez, A. A1 - Wilson, J. S. T1 - Food standards and exports: evidence for China N2 - Using a new database on standards in China, we estimate the impact of voluntary and mandatory standards – either harmonized to international norms or purely domestic – on Chinese food exports. The dataset covers seven Chinese products over the period 1992–2008. We find that standards have a positive effect on China's export performance, as the benefits to standardization in terms of reducing potential information asymmetry and signaling enhance food safety, and quality in foreign markets seem to surpass compliance costs. Our estimation results show that the positive effect of Chinese standards is larger when they are harmonized to international measures. The results suggest that there are clear benefits to China's steps to base their domestic standards and regulations on international measures. KW - Food standards KW - Trade barriers KW - SPS KW - TBT KW - Harmonization PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745612000195 SN - 1474-7456 SN - 1475-3138 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 507 EP - 526 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-26600 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - Alliance formation of SMEs: empirical evidence from standardization committees N2 - This paper explores the decision of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to participate in official standard setting alliances. Based on micro data of German firms in the electrical engineering and machinery industry, we show that innovation-related variables follow the predictions of our hypotheses. Research and development (R&D) intensity exhibits an inverse U-shaped relationship on the likelihood to join alliances. The positive relation suggests that SMEs aim to access the knowledge of larger firms whereas the negative relationship indicates that SMEs exceeding a certain threshold of R&D activity are reluctant to participate in standardization because their knowledge is too essential to disclose to competitors. The importance to access external knowledge via standardization committees is underlined by a positive correlation with the relevance of incoming knowledge spillovers and a negative correlation with the relative size of companies' patent portfolios. Besides these variables, we also explore the traditionally considered factors for alliance formation and show that firm size and export intensity are positively correlated with participation. KW - Knowledge spillovers KW - Patents KW - Research and development (R&D) cooperation KW - Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) KW - Standardization KW - Trade PY - 2012 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=6203401&contentType=Early+Access+Articles&sortType%3Dasc_p_Sequence%26filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A4429834%29%26rowsPerPage%3D50 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2012.2192935 SN - 0018-9391 SP - 1 EP - 9(?) PB - IEEE CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-26601 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel ED - Orviska, M. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - The trade impact of ISO 9000 certifications and international cooperation in accreditation T2 - 17th EURAS annual standardisation conference CY - Kosice, Slovakia DA - 2012-06-18 KW - Standardization KW - Certification KW - Accreditation KW - International trade KW - Gravity mode PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-86130-337-4 N1 - Serientitel: The EURAS board series – Series title: The EURAS board series SP - 21 EP - 33 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH AN - OPUS4-26605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - Sustainability and Technical Barriers to Trade. Environmental Standards as Technical Barriers to Trade? T2 - ISO Workshop CY - Geneva, Switzerland DA - 2013-05-28 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28795 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte, F.L. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - Die Rolle der Normung bei der Umsetzung der Ökodesign-Richtlinie N2 - Untersucht wird in dieser Bachelorarbeit anhand von Experteninterviews das Normungsprojekt für Heizungsumwälzpumpen. KW - Normung KW - Ökodesignrichtlinie PY - 2015 SN - 0011-4952 VL - 3 SP - 26 EP - 27 PB - Beuth-Vertrieb CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-32979 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Denkler, Tilman ED - Jakobs, K. ED - De Vries, H.J. ED - Ganesh, A. ED - Gulacsi, A. ED - Soetert, I. T1 - Exploring business benefits of internationally recognized certifications - Empirical evidence from a global company survey N2 - We base our paper on data from a global company survey of certified companies carried out by the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) in 2010/11. We use multivariate Probit and ordered Probit models to analyze how company internal and external factors influence the perception of benefits from accredited certification. Benefits from accredited certification are divided into added value for the organization, increased sales and regulatory compliance. As for company external factors, we find that benefits from certification are higher for companies that went through a challenging certification process, had a competent certification body team, and are aware of the importance of accreditation. Internal factors are related to different motives for seeking certification. We find that the benefits from accredited certification are largest when companies become certified in order to improve their own business performance. Dividing our sample in high-income and middle income countries shows that the latter put more emphasis on company internal improvement through certification and are more likely to benefit from certification when they employ an external consultant. Finally, we can show that benefits are unequally distributed among companies. That is, smaller companies have a lower probability to benefit from certification compared to larger companies. T2 - EURAS Proceedings 2013 - 18th EURAS Annual standardisation conference 'Boosting European competitiveness' CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 24.06.2013 KW - Accreditation KW - Certification KW - Ordered probit model KW - Probit models PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-86130-655-9 VL - 7 SP - 247 EP - 261 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH AN - OPUS4-30315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Motives to standardize: Empirical evidence from Germany N2 - In this paper, we identify the strategic motives of German manufacturing companies in the electrical engineering and machinery industry to be involved in standards development organizations. First, we present the general motives for the formation of strategic alliances and relate them to specific standardization motives. Then, we identify pursuing specific company interests, solving technical problems, knowledge seeking, influencing regulation, and facilitating market access as motives to standardize by means of factor analysis. In a second step, we test hypotheses on the relationship between the importance of strategic motives and firm level variables, e.g. R&D intensity, innovation activities, and firm size. The results reveal that firms in electric engineering and machinery have a particularly strong interest in ensuring industry-friendly design of regulations, which can be achieved by standards. Moreover, the results confirm that small firms also from these two sectors are active in standardization alliances to access knowledge from other involved stakeholders. KW - Factor analysis KW - Standardization KW - Strategic alliances KW - Knowledge spillovers KW - Market access KW - Regulation KW - Innovation KW - R&D PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-364586 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2016.01.001 SN - 0166-4972 VL - 48-49 SP - 13 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-36458 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - The Trade Impact of European "New Approach" Standards for Third Countries T2 - 20th EURAS Annual Standardization Conference: 'The Role of Standards in Transatlantic Trade and Regulation' CY - Kopenhagen DA - 2015-06-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33774 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - The Effects of Standards on Value Chains and Trade in Europe T2 - The 20th EURAS Annual Standardization Conference: The Role of Transatlantic Trade and Regulation CY - Kopenhagen DA - 2015-06-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34364 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peuckert, J. A1 - De Souza, T.L. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel ED - Goncalves, J. ED - Göthner, K.-C. ED - Rovira, S. T1 - Infraestructura de la calidad e innovación N2 - El sólido vínculo entre las instituciones sociales de control de la calidad y la innovación no siempre resulta obvio. En los párrafos que siguen se sostiene que los servicios de normalización, metrología, evaluación del cumplimiento de las normas y acreditación prestados por la Infraestructura Nacional de la Calidad (INC) son grandes propulsores de nuevos avances sociales y tecnológicos. Todos los elementos de la infraestructura de la calidad ayudan a la sociedad a hacer frente a distintos desafíos en un entorno cambiante, mediante la creación y difusión de nuevas tecnologías. PY - 2014 UR - http://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/36634/S2014154_es.pdf?sequence=1 N1 - Serientitel: Colección Documentos de proyectos – Series title: Colección Documentos de proyectos IS - LC/W.588 SP - 25 EP - 32 AN - OPUS4-32727 LA - spa AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Tolksdorf, Michel ED - Mijatovic, I. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - Explaining differences in compliance with food standards: evidence from the international featured standard N2 - We use a new database of food producing firms to explain different outcomes of third party certification audits across firms. The database from the retailer-initiated certification scheme of the International Featured Standard (IFS) includes auditing reports from more than 13,000 firms producing in 96 countries over the period 2011 to 2013. Information on each firms' conformance with the private standard require-ments as well as company specific characteristics such as branch, region, past experience with the standard and firm size is provided. While the previous literature emphasizes the role of auditor independence for differing audit results, we suggest that company specific variables play an important role. In our empirical analysis, we find a U-shaped relationship between firm size and performance: microenter-prises and large companies are more likely to conform to the requirements of the standard than small to medium sized companies – confirming our predictions from organizational theory. We conclude our research with suggestions for further re-search. T2 - EURAS Proceedings 2014 - 19th EURAS Annual standardisation conference CY - Belgrade, Serbia DA - 08.09.2014 KW - Firm size KW - Food safety KW - Food manufacturing KW - Private standards KW - Standard compliance KW - Tobit model KW - Ordinary least squares KW - Generalized linear model PY - 2014 SN - 3-86073-305-2 SP - 91 EP - 106 PB - Wissenschaftsverlag Mainz AN - OPUS4-32728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -