TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Denkler, Tilman T1 - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der akkreditierten Zertifizierung T2 - Vorstellung der Studie zur akkreditierten Zertifizierung CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-02-12 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28276 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Jungmittag, A. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - The economic benefits of standardization - An update of the study carried out by DIN in 2000 N2 - Economists have been searching for the sources of economic growth since the end of the 18th century. For Adam Smith the division of labour and the accumulation of capital were causes for the increasing wealth of nations. The Austrian-American economist Joseph Alois Schumpeter further established that innovations in products and processes are prerequisites for economic growth: »The fundamental drive that starts up the capitalist machine and keeps it running comes from the new consumer goods, the new production and transport methods, the new markets, the new forms of industrial organisation, which capitalist entrepreneurship creates.« Building on these fundamental ideas, during the 1950s American Robert M. Solow – later a Nobel prize winner – developed the first formal mathematical model of economic growth. Solow was able to use a simple model to Show that economic growth within the USA could be described by three determinants: an increase in capital (e.g. machinery and infrastructure), an increase in labour, and technical progress. Later other economists were able to further refine Solow‘s growth theory. While technical progress was accepted during the early years as a fact, it became ever easier to theoretically describe and quantify its causes. The central idea of these new models is that the state and businesses invest in research and development, thus continually stimulating economic growth through new products and production methods. KW - Standards KW - Economic growth KW - Value KW - Technical progress PY - 2011 SP - 1 EP - 20 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25073 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - The role of technical standards for trade between China and the European Union N2 - The paper addresses the role of technical standards in bilateral trade relationship between the European Union (EU) and China. Traditional aggregate demand functions for imports and exports have been applied to estimate the effects of national and international standards. The panel dataset covers 14 years (1995–2008) and 36 two-digit technological fields based on the International Classification of Standards (ICS). The results indicate negative effects of purely national Chinese standards but positive effects of Chinese international standards for European exports. European standards and European standards aligned with international standards have a positive impact on exports and imports. Based on these results, we conclude that both China and the EU should increase their efforts to harmonise national standards. KW - Technical barriers to trade KW - Standards KW - Panel analysis KW - Standardisation policy PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2011.592267 SN - 0953-7325 VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 725 EP - 743 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon, Oxfordshire AN - OPUS4-25074 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - Normung und Standardisierung als Erfolgsfaktor im internationalen Handel: Fallbeispiel LED T2 - Sitzung BMWi-ZVEI- Projektgruppe CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-05-02 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-25042 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Portugal-Perez, A. A1 - Wilson, J. S. ED - Cadot, O. ED - Malouche, M. T1 - Do better standards facilitate exports? Evidence from China PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-907142-53-6 IS - Part II / Chapter 7 SP - 141 EP - 154 CY - Washington, DC, USA AN - OPUS4-27551 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Denkler, Tilman T1 - Exploring Business Benefits Of Internationally Recognized Certifications - Empirical Evidence from a Global Company Survey - T2 - IAF | ILAC Joint Annual Meetings CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DA - 2012-10-22 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27531 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - de Vries, H. A1 - Blind, K. T1 - External Knowledge Sourcing and Involvement in Standardization - Evidence from the Community Innovation Survey T2 - IEEE International Technology Management Conference 2012 CY - Dallas, TX, USA DA - 2012-06-24 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27530 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blind, K. A1 - De Vries, H. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel ED - Fomin, V. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - Openness for innovation and involvement in standardization: evidence from the community innovation survey N2 - In this paper, we explore the relationship between firms' approaches to open innovation and their decision to participate in Standardization alliances. Based on micro data of Dutch Companies surveyed in the Forth Community Innovation Survey we show that the importance of extemal knowledge is positively correlated with participation in Standardization. This suggests that firms aim to access the knowledge of other Companies and stakeholders in Order to increase their own knowledge base. The analysis also shows that firms cooperating with different actors are more likely to join Standardization. Due to the positive relationships with incoming knowledge spillovers and forms of Cooperation, we conclude that Standardization represents a specific form of collaborative knowledge-sharing and knowledge-creating strategy. In addition, we are able to show that absorptive capacity measured via Companies’ research intensity is promoting the involvement in Standardization. Besides the focus on knowledge and Cooperation variables, we explore the traditionally considered factors for alliances Formation and show that firm size, export activities and patent protection are positively correlated with participation in Standardization. T2 - 16th EURAS Annual standardisation conference - Standards for development CY - Kaunas, Lithuania DA - 08.06.2011 KW - Knowledge spillovers KW - Cooperation KW - Absorptive capacity KW - Standardisation PY - 2011 SN - 3-86130-629-8 SP - 19 EP - 36 PB - Wissenschaftsverlag Mainz CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-25500 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Portugal-Perez, A. A1 - Wilson, J. S. ED - Fomin, V. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - Food standards and exports: evidence for China N2 - Using a new database on Standards in China, we estimate the impact of voluntaiy and mandatory Standards - either harmonized to international norms or purely domestic — on Chinese food exports. The data covers seven Chinese products over the period 1992-2008. We find that Standards have a positive effect on China's export performance, as the benefits to Standardization in terms of reducing potential Information asymmetiy and signaling enhance food safety and quality in foreign markets seem to surpass compliance costs. Our estimation results Show that the positive effect of Chinese Standards is larger when they are harmonized to international measures. The results suggest that there are clear benefits to China’s Steps to base their domestic Standards and regulations on international measures. T2 - 16th EURAS Annual standardisation conference - Standards for development CY - Kaunas, Lithuania DA - 08.06.2011 KW - Food standards KW - Trade barriers KW - SPS KW - TBT KW - Harmonization PY - 2011 SN - 3-86130-629-8 SP - 219 EP - 233 PB - Wissenschaftsverlag Mainz CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-25501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel ED - Stober, R. T1 - Standards zur Qualitätssicherung (Art. 26 V DL-RL) aus ökonomischer Perspektive N2 - Aufgrund der Immaterialität von Dienstleistungen ist es dem Nachfrager von Dienstleistungen nur schwer möglich, vor dem Konsum die Qualität einer Dienstleistung einzuschätzen. Dementsprechend fehlt es oft an Vertrauen zwischen den Anbietern von Dienstleistungen und den Nachfragern. Das fehlende Vertrauen der Dienstleistungsnachfrager oder - anderes gesagt - die Informationsasymmetrien zwischen Käufer und Verkäufer erhöhen die Transaktionskosten und lassen einen Vertragsabschluss weniger wahrscheinlich werden. Das fehlende Vertrauen der Nachfrager in die Qualität von Dienstleistungen berührt nicht nur den inländischen Handel, sondern beeinträchtigt gerade den internationalen und damit auch den innereuropäischen Handel mit Dienstleistungen. Eine Eurobarometerumfrage aus dem Jahr 2002 zeigt, dass 26% der befragten europäischen Verbraucher einem Anbieter aus einem EU-Land außer ihrem eigenen weniger vertrauen als einem nationalen Anbieter. Aus dieser Umfrage ging ebenfalls hervor, dass die Verbraucher das Sicherheitsniveau von ausländischen Produkten und Dienstleistungen als geringer empfinden als Angebote aus ihrem eigenen Land. Das mangelnde Vertrauen der Nachfrager in ausländische Dienstleistungsanbieter ist auf die fehlende Transparenz der Dienstleistungsqualität und den damit implizierten Informationsasymmetrien zurückzuführen. Die im Dienstleistungssektor vorhandenen Informationsasymmetrien verursachen beachtliche volkswirtschaftliche Kosten bzw. Ineffizienzen, die im Vergleich zu den Produktmärkten ausgeprägter sind, da Produkteigenschaften im Gegensatz zu Eigenschaften von Dienstleistungscharakteristika auch für den Endverbraucher vor dem Kauf leichter zugänglich und auch besser nachprüfbar sind. KW - Food standards KW - Trade barriers KW - SPS KW - TBT KW - Harmonization PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-452-27634-6 SP - 73 EP - 103 PB - Carl Heymanns AN - OPUS4-25502 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Portugal-Perez, A. A1 - Wilson, J. S. T1 - Food standards and exports: evidence for China N2 - Using a new database on standards in China, we estimate the impact of voluntary and mandatory standards – either harmonized to international norms or purely domestic – on Chinese food exports. The dataset covers seven Chinese products over the period 1992–2008. We find that standards have a positive effect on China's export performance, as the benefits to standardization in terms of reducing potential information asymmetry and signaling enhance food safety, and quality in foreign markets seem to surpass compliance costs. Our estimation results show that the positive effect of Chinese standards is larger when they are harmonized to international measures. The results suggest that there are clear benefits to China's steps to base their domestic standards and regulations on international measures. KW - Food standards KW - Trade barriers KW - SPS KW - TBT KW - Harmonization PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745612000195 SN - 1474-7456 SN - 1475-3138 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 507 EP - 526 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-26600 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - Alliance formation of SMEs: empirical evidence from standardization committees N2 - This paper explores the decision of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to participate in official standard setting alliances. Based on micro data of German firms in the electrical engineering and machinery industry, we show that innovation-related variables follow the predictions of our hypotheses. Research and development (R&D) intensity exhibits an inverse U-shaped relationship on the likelihood to join alliances. The positive relation suggests that SMEs aim to access the knowledge of larger firms whereas the negative relationship indicates that SMEs exceeding a certain threshold of R&D activity are reluctant to participate in standardization because their knowledge is too essential to disclose to competitors. The importance to access external knowledge via standardization committees is underlined by a positive correlation with the relevance of incoming knowledge spillovers and a negative correlation with the relative size of companies' patent portfolios. Besides these variables, we also explore the traditionally considered factors for alliance formation and show that firm size and export intensity are positively correlated with participation. KW - Knowledge spillovers KW - Patents KW - Research and development (R&D) cooperation KW - Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) KW - Standardization KW - Trade PY - 2012 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=6203401&contentType=Early+Access+Articles&sortType%3Dasc_p_Sequence%26filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A4429834%29%26rowsPerPage%3D50 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2012.2192935 SN - 0018-9391 SP - 1 EP - 9(?) PB - IEEE CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-26601 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel ED - Orviska, M. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - The trade impact of ISO 9000 certifications and international cooperation in accreditation T2 - 17th EURAS annual standardisation conference CY - Kosice, Slovakia DA - 2012-06-18 KW - Standardization KW - Certification KW - Accreditation KW - International trade KW - Gravity mode PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-86130-337-4 N1 - Serientitel: The EURAS board series – Series title: The EURAS board series SP - 21 EP - 33 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH AN - OPUS4-26605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - Sustainability and Technical Barriers to Trade. Environmental Standards as Technical Barriers to Trade? T2 - ISO Workshop CY - Geneva, Switzerland DA - 2013-05-28 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28795 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Motives to standardize: Empirical evidence from Germany N2 - In this paper, we identify the strategic motives of German manufacturing companies in the electrical engineering and machinery industry to be involved in standards development organizations. First, we present the general motives for the formation of strategic alliances and relate them to specific standardization motives. Then, we identify pursuing specific company interests, solving technical problems, knowledge seeking, influencing regulation, and facilitating market access as motives to standardize by means of factor analysis. In a second step, we test hypotheses on the relationship between the importance of strategic motives and firm level variables, e.g. R&D intensity, innovation activities, and firm size. The results reveal that firms in electric engineering and machinery have a particularly strong interest in ensuring industry-friendly design of regulations, which can be achieved by standards. Moreover, the results confirm that small firms also from these two sectors are active in standardization alliances to access knowledge from other involved stakeholders. KW - Factor analysis KW - Standardization KW - Strategic alliances KW - Knowledge spillovers KW - Market access KW - Regulation KW - Innovation KW - R&D PY - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-364586 SN - 0166-4972 VL - 48-49 SP - 13 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-36458 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - The Trade Impact of European "New Approach" Standards for Third Countries T2 - 20th EURAS Annual Standardization Conference: 'The Role of Standards in Transatlantic Trade and Regulation' CY - Kopenhagen DA - 2015-06-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33774 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - The Effects of Standards on Value Chains and Trade in Europe T2 - The 20th EURAS Annual Standardization Conference: The Role of Transatlantic Trade and Regulation CY - Kopenhagen DA - 2015-06-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34364 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peuckert, J. A1 - De Souza, T.L. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel ED - Goncalves, J. ED - Göthner, K.-C. ED - Rovira, S. T1 - Infraestructura de la calidad e innovación N2 - El sólido vínculo entre las instituciones sociales de control de la calidad y la innovación no siempre resulta obvio. En los párrafos que siguen se sostiene que los servicios de normalización, metrología, evaluación del cumplimiento de las normas y acreditación prestados por la Infraestructura Nacional de la Calidad (INC) son grandes propulsores de nuevos avances sociales y tecnológicos. Todos los elementos de la infraestructura de la calidad ayudan a la sociedad a hacer frente a distintos desafíos en un entorno cambiante, mediante la creación y difusión de nuevas tecnologías. PY - 2014 UR - http://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/36634/S2014154_es.pdf?sequence=1 N1 - Serientitel: Colección Documentos de proyectos – Series title: Colección Documentos de proyectos IS - LC/W.588 SP - 25 EP - 32 AN - OPUS4-32727 LA - spa AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Tolksdorf, Michel ED - Mijatovic, I. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - Explaining differences in compliance with food standards: evidence from the international featured standard N2 - We use a new database of food producing firms to explain different outcomes of third party certification audits across firms. The database from the retailer-initiated certification scheme of the International Featured Standard (IFS) includes auditing reports from more than 13,000 firms producing in 96 countries over the period 2011 to 2013. Information on each firms' conformance with the private standard require-ments as well as company specific characteristics such as branch, region, past experience with the standard and firm size is provided. While the previous literature emphasizes the role of auditor independence for differing audit results, we suggest that company specific variables play an important role. In our empirical analysis, we find a U-shaped relationship between firm size and performance: microenter-prises and large companies are more likely to conform to the requirements of the standard than small to medium sized companies – confirming our predictions from organizational theory. We conclude our research with suggestions for further re-search. T2 - EURAS Proceedings 2014 - 19th EURAS Annual standardisation conference CY - Belgrade, Serbia DA - 08.09.2014 KW - Firm size KW - Food safety KW - Food manufacturing KW - Private standards KW - Standard compliance KW - Tobit model KW - Ordinary least squares KW - Generalized linear model PY - 2014 SN - 3-86073-305-2 SP - 91 EP - 106 PB - Wissenschaftsverlag Mainz AN - OPUS4-32728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte, F.L. A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel T1 - Die Rolle der Normung bei der Umsetzung der Ökodesign-Richtlinie N2 - Untersucht wird in dieser Bachelorarbeit anhand von Experteninterviews das Normungsprojekt für Heizungsumwälzpumpen. KW - Normung KW - Ökodesignrichtlinie PY - 2015 SN - 0011-4952 VL - 3 SP - 26 EP - 27 PB - Beuth-Vertrieb CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-32979 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mangelsdorf, Axel A1 - Denkler, Tilman ED - Jakobs, K. ED - De Vries, H.J. ED - Ganesh, A. ED - Gulacsi, A. ED - Soetert, I. T1 - Exploring business benefits of internationally recognized certifications - Empirical evidence from a global company survey N2 - We base our paper on data from a global company survey of certified companies carried out by the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) in 2010/11. We use multivariate Probit and ordered Probit models to analyze how company internal and external factors influence the perception of benefits from accredited certification. Benefits from accredited certification are divided into added value for the organization, increased sales and regulatory compliance. As for company external factors, we find that benefits from certification are higher for companies that went through a challenging certification process, had a competent certification body team, and are aware of the importance of accreditation. Internal factors are related to different motives for seeking certification. We find that the benefits from accredited certification are largest when companies become certified in order to improve their own business performance. Dividing our sample in high-income and middle income countries shows that the latter put more emphasis on company internal improvement through certification and are more likely to benefit from certification when they employ an external consultant. Finally, we can show that benefits are unequally distributed among companies. That is, smaller companies have a lower probability to benefit from certification compared to larger companies. T2 - EURAS Proceedings 2013 - 18th EURAS Annual standardisation conference 'Boosting European competitiveness' CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 24.06.2013 KW - Accreditation KW - Certification KW - Ordered probit model KW - Probit models PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-86130-655-9 VL - 7 SP - 247 EP - 261 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH AN - OPUS4-30315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -