TY - JOUR A1 - Merchel, S. A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Akhmadaliev, S. A1 - Arnold, M. A1 - Aumaître, G. A1 - Bourlès, D.L. A1 - Braucher, R. A1 - Caffee, M. A1 - Christl, M. A1 - Fifield, L.K. A1 - Finkel, R.C. A1 - Freeman, S.P.H.T. A1 - Ruiz-Gómez, A. A1 - Kubik, P.W. A1 - Martschini, M. A1 - Rood, D.H. A1 - Tims, S.G. A1 - Wallner, A. A1 - Wilcken, K. M. A1 - Xu, S. T1 - Quality assurance in accelerator mass spectrometry: results from an international round-robin exercise for 10Be N2 - The first international round-robin exercise for the measurement of the long-lived radionuclide 10Be has been conducted. Ten participating accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities have each measured three samples at the 10-12 to 10-14 10Be/9Be level. All results have been made traceable to the NIST SRM 4325 standard to avoid additional discrepancies that arise when different facilities use different calibration materials. Hence, the data concentrates on pure measurement distinctions. Multivariate statistical investigations have been performed to reveal a bias between facilities, i.e. two distinguished groups could be identified. Maximum discrepancies between two single facilities are in the range of 6–31% depending on the absolute 10Be/9Be value. These findings should be considered when comparing 10Be data produced at one AMS facility with that produced at another facility, which is e.g. often the case for in situ 10Be dating studies. Round-robin exercises are a very helpful tool as part of an overall quality assurance scheme to improve the accuracy, and not only the precision, of AMS data. KW - Accelerator mass spectrometry KW - Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) KW - Cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) KW - Cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating KW - Calibration PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.07.038 SN - 0168-583X SN - 1872-9584 VL - 289 SP - 68 EP - 73 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-26772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merchel, S. A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Alfimov, V. A1 - Arnold, M. A1 - Aumaître, G. A1 - Benedetti, L. A1 - Bourlès, D.L. A1 - Caffee, M. A1 - Fifield, L.K. A1 - Finkel, R.C. A1 - Freeman, S.P.H.T. A1 - Martschini, M. A1 - Matsushi, Y. A1 - Rood, D.H. A1 - Sasa, K. A1 - Steier, P. A1 - Takahashi, T. A1 - Tamari, M. A1 - Tims, S.G. A1 - Tosaki, Y. A1 - Wilken, K. M. A1 - Xu, S. T1 - Ultra-trace analysis of 36Cl by accelerator mass spectrometry: an interlaboratory study N2 - A first international 36Cl interlaboratory comparison has been initiated. Evaluation of the final results of the eight participating accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) laboratories on three synthetic AgCl samples with 36Cl/Cl ratios at the 10-11, 10-12, and 10-13 level shows no difference in the sense of simple statistical significance. However, more detailed statistical analyses demonstrate certain interlaboratory bias and underestimation of uncertainties by some laboratories. Following subsequent remeasurement and reanalysis of the data from some AMS facilities, the round-robin data indicate that 36Cl/Cl data from two individual AMS laboratories can differ by up to 17%. Thus, the demand for further work on harmonising the 36Cl-system on a worldwide scale and enlarging the improvement of measurements is obvious. KW - Accelerator mass spectrometry KW - Long-lived radionuclides KW - Cosmogenic nuclides KW - Exposure dating PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4979-2 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 400 IS - 9 SP - 3125 EP - 3132 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-23676 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robens-Radermacher, Annika A1 - Lacy Jr., T. E. A1 - Bednarcyk, B. A. A1 - Pineda, E. J. A1 - Arnold, S. M. A1 - Ricks, T. M. T1 - Solution of the nonlinear high-fidelity generalized method of cells micromechanics relations via order-reduction techniques N2 - The High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells (HFGMC) is one technique, distinct from traditional finite-element approaches, for accurately simulating nonlinear composite material behavior. In this work, the HFGMC global system of equations for doubly periodic repeating unit cells with nonlinear constituents has been reduced in size through the novel application of a Petrov-Galerkin Proper Orthogonal Decomposition order-reduction scheme in order to improve its computational efficiency. Order-reduced models of an E-glass/Nylon 12 composite led to a 4.8–6.3x speedup in the equation assembly/solution runtime while maintaining model accuracy. This corresponded to a 21–38% reduction in total runtime.Thesignificant difference in assembly/solution and total runtimes was attributed to the evaluation of integration point inelastic field quantities; this step was identical between the unreduced and order-reduced models. Nonetheless, order-reduced techniques offer the potential to significantly improve the computational efficiency of multiscale calculations. KW - High-Fidelity KW - Micromechanics KW - HFGMC PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-445303 DO - https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3081078 SN - 1024-123X SN - 1563-5147 VL - 2018 SP - Article ID 3081078-1 EP - 11 PB - Hindawi Publishing Corporation CY - Kairo, Ägypten AN - OPUS4-44530 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Röllig, Mathias A1 - Steinfurth, Henrik A1 - Augustin, Sven A1 - Mecke, R. A1 - Schiller, M. A1 - Kernchen, A. A1 - Kalisch, U. A1 - Meinhardt, J. A1 - Hennen, C. A1 - Groll, E. T. A1 - Arnold, T. T1 - Characterisation of historic façades using active thermography with solar heating and optical methods N2 - Active thermography is well suited for the detection of delaminations and cracks in façade elements like plaster and tiles. Not only artificial heating but also solar heating can be used if the adjustment of the façade and the weather conditions are suitable. Optical methods like laser scanners, photogrammetric methods and crack tracking sensors are providing geometrical 3D data which can be used for a 3D mapping of thermograms and for providing data with higher geometrical resolution. Thus, by the combination and fusion of these data, a comprehensive mapping and monitoring of damages of façade systems is possible. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-destructive Testing (WCNDT) CY - München, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Active thermography KW - Solar heating KW - Historic facades KW - Optical methods PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366833 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - BB 158 SP - Mo.2.C.2., 1 EP - 8 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-36683 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krietsch, Arne A1 - Scheid, Marc A1 - Lasry, M. A1 - Suter, G. A1 - Teske, H.-J. A1 - Stahmer, K.W. A1 - Arnold, A. A1 - Nemcak, O. A1 - Cesana, C. A1 - Siwek, R. ED - Suter, G. ED - de Rademaeker, E. T1 - Validation of alternative igniters for the determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds in 20-l-sphere and 1-m³-vessel T2 - 13th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Brugge, Belgium DA - 2010-06-06 KW - Brenn- und Explosionskenngrößen KW - Bestimmungsmethoden KW - 20-l-Kugel KW - 1-m³-Behälter PY - 2010 SN - 978-90-76019-291 VL - 2 SP - 227 EP - 233 CY - Brugge, Belgium AN - OPUS4-22620 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Röllig, Mathias A1 - Steinfurth, Henrik A1 - Mecke, R. A1 - Schiller, M. A1 - Kernchen, A. A1 - Kalisch, U. A1 - Meinhardt, J. A1 - Hennen, C. A1 - Arnold, T. A1 - Groll, T. T1 - Erfassung und Bewertung von sicherheitsrelevanten Ablösungsprozessen bei Putzen und Fassadenelementen mit zerstörungsfreien Mess- und Prüfverfahren N2 - Im Beitrag werden Verfahren und Strategien basierend auf optischen und thermografischen Methoden zur Lokalisierung, Erfassung und Bewertung von Putzablösungen und Ablösungen von Fassadenelementen vorgestellt. Abgelöste Fassadenbereiche zeigen dabei sowohl geometrische als auch thermische Auffälligkeiten, die im Rahmen eines Monitoring auch über größere Zeiträume verfolgt werden können. Als optische Verfahren werden die Stereophotogrammetrie und die trackingbasierte taktile 3D-Erfassung von Oberflächenmerkmalen eingesetzt. Zur Charakterisierung verdeckter Ablösungen und Bauteile wird die aktive Thermografie mit natürlicher und künstlicher Erwärmung der Bauteiloberfläche verwendet. Systematische Untersuchungen an Probekörpern und Fallstudien (Magdeburger Dom, Wandbild in Cobbelsdorf) zeigen, wie u. a. mit der Verfahrenskombination Ablösungen und Materialinhomogenitäten unterschieden werden können. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2015 CY - Salzburg, Austria DA - 11.05.2015 KW - Aktive Thermografie KW - Photogrammetrie KW - Risstracking KW - Bauwerksfassaden KW - Ablösungen PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-345268 SN - 978-3-940283-68-9 IS - DGZfP BB 152 SP - Mi.1.B.2, 1 EP - 8 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-34526 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Röllig, Mathias A1 - Steinfurth, Henrik A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Mecke, R. A1 - Schiller, M. A1 - Kernchen, A. A1 - Kalisch, U. A1 - Hennen, C. A1 - Meinhardt, J. A1 - Groll, E.T. A1 - Arnold, T. T1 - Detection and characterisation of safety relevant detachments of facade elements using a combination of active thermography and optical scanning methods N2 - In this contribution, the development and application of optical and thermographic methods for the nondestructive evaluation of delaminations, cracks and further substructures in Connection with bulging is presented. Since delaminated fagade elements show geometric as well as thermal anomalies, surface geometry and defects beneath the surface were investigated. As methods, Stereo photogrammetry, a tracking based method for tactile recording of geometric 3D data and active thermography were used. Two case studies were assessed with a combination of these methods: the plaster scratches at the Magdeburg Cathedral and a mural painting in Cobbelsdorf, both located in Germany. While the plaster scratches have been investigated by artificial heating with an infrared radiator, the rural painting was tested by analysing the temperature increase due to solar heating. T2 - NDT-CE 2015 - International symposium non-destructive testing in civil engineering CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - Active thermography KW - Stereo photogrammetry KW - Tracking sensor KW - Historic plaster KW - Masonry KW - Delaminations KW - Cracks PY - 2015 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 291 EP - 300 AN - OPUS4-35106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Röllig, Mathias A1 - Steinfurth, Henrik A1 - Krankenhagen, Rainer A1 - Myrach, Philipp A1 - Mecke, R. A1 - Schiller, M. A1 - Seidl, T. A1 - Kernchen, A. A1 - Kalisch, U. A1 - Meinhardt, J. A1 - Hennen, C. A1 - Arnold, T. A1 - Groll, T. T1 - 3D-Kartierung von Bauwerksoberflächen mit optischen und thermografischen Verfahren N2 - In diesem Beitrag werden Verfahren und Strategien basierend auf optischen und thermografischen Methoden zur Lokalisierung, Erfassung und Bewertung von Putzablösungen, Ablösungen von Fassadenelementen und Rissen vorgestellt. Abgelöste Fassadenbereiche und Risse zeigen dabei sowohl geometrische als auch thermische Auffälligkeiten, die im Rahmen eines Monitoring auch über größere Zeiträume verfolgt werden können. Als optische Verfahren werden die trackingbasierte taktile 3D‐Erfassung von Oberflächenmerkmalen und die Stereophotogrammetrie eingesetzt. Zur Charakterisierung verdeckter Ablösungen und Bauteile wird die aktive Thermografie mit natürlicher und künstlicher Erwärmung der Bauteiloberfläche verwendet. Systematische Untersuchungen an Probekörpern und Fallstudien (Magdeburger Dom, Wandbild in Cobbelsdorf, Giebichensteinbrücke) zeigen, wie u. a. mit der Verfahrenskombination die Schäden charakterisiert werden können. T2 - Interdisziplinäre Forschung in der Denkmalpflege - 20 Jahre IDK - CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 31.05.2016 KW - Monitoring KW - Risse KW - Ablösungen KW - Aktive Thermografie KW - Optische 3D-Erfassung PY - 2016 SN - 978‐3‐9811706‐2‐7 SP - 141 EP - 156 CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-37508 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Knaust, Christian A1 - Festag, S. A1 - Brüne, M. A1 - Dietrich, Matthes A1 - Amecke-Mönninghoff, Stephan A1 - Konrath, B. A1 - Arnold, L. T1 - Modellierung eines Brandes in einer U-Bahn-Station: Validierung von Rechenmodellen auf der Grundlage von Feldversuchen N2 - Mittels Propan-Brennern mit einer Brennerleistung 750 kW wurden in einer U-Bahn-Station Heißgasversuche durchgeführt und die zeitlichen und örtlichen Verteilungen der physikalischen Größen (Stoffkonzentration, Temperatur und Rauchgasdichte) erfasst. Laborversuche sowie die Feldversuche sind Validierungsgrundlage für ANSYS CFX und FDS und die später im Rechenmodell der U-Bahn-Station zur Untersuchung der Grundströmung und Rauchausbreitung verwendeten mathematisch-physikalischen Modelle. Der Aufsatz stellt das Projekt ORPHEUS vor und diskutiert die ersten Ergebnisse. T2 - Magdeburger Brand- und Explosionsschutztage 2017 CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 23.03.2017 KW - Rechenmodelle KW - Ansys CFX KW - FDS KW - Computational fluid dynamics KW - CFD KW - Rauchausbreitung KW - Validierung KW - U-Bahn KW - Brandszenarien KW - Modellierung von Bränden PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-396694 SN - 978-3-00-056201-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.978.300/0562013 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg CY - Magdeburg AN - OPUS4-39669 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Dietrich, Matthes A1 - Knaust, Christian A1 - Arnold, L. A1 - Brüne, M. A1 - Festag, S. T1 - Buoyancy driven flow in an underground metro station for different climate conditions – experimental and numerical investigation N2 - In urban areas the demand for public transportation is constantly growing. Underground railway systems overcome the problem of limited space on the ground and are therefore one of the most powerful systems in urban public transportation. These facilities can be very complex and are used by a large amount of passengers. Therefore, it is important to maintain the safety for people and buildings. Especially in the case of fire or arson attack. This paper focusses on a fire scenario in a complex subway station for different weather conditions. The purpose is to identify the influences of different weather conditions on the smoke spread and the ability of self-rescue in case of a burning luggage. The evaluation of the fire simulations will focus on toxicity and visibility taking into account the FED concept. T2 - AUBE '17 & SUPDET 2017 CY - Washington D.C., USA DA - 12.09.2017 KW - Fire simulations KW - Weather conditions KW - FED PY - 2017 SN - 978-3-940402-11-0 VL - 2 SP - II-121 EP - II-128 AN - OPUS4-42253 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bahlmann, Arnold A1 - Brack, W. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Krauss, M. T1 - Carbamazepine and its metabolites in wastewater: Analytical pitfalls and occurrence in Germany and Portugal N2 - The occurrence of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolites in German and Portuguese wastewater was investigated. A total of 46 samples from influent and effluent wastewater were analyzed by liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry. The five metabolites 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-CBZ (DiOH-CBZ), 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-CBZ (10-OH-CBZ), 10,11-epoxy-10,11-dihydro-CBZ, 2-hydroxy-CBZ and 3-hydroxy-CBZ were very persistent with little to no removal during wastewater treatment. The highest concentrations were found for CBZ, DiOH-CBZ, and 10-OH-CBZ, with up to 5.0, 4.8 and 1.1 µg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the related pharmaceutical oxcarbazepine and the metabolites 9-hydroxymethyl-10-carbamoylacridan, 1-hydroxy-CBZ (1-OH-CBZ) and 4-hydroxy-CBZ (4-OH-CBZ) were detected. Explicit care was taken to achieve a good chromatographic separation of the numerous isomers that were difficult to distinguish by mass spectrometry alone. A phenylether stationary phase provided the best separation. In combination with high resolution mass spectrometry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange, this LC column enabled us to identify 1-OH-CBZ and 4-OH-CBZ in wastewater for the first time. KW - Carbamazepine KW - Hydroxycarbamazepine KW - Metabolite KW - Wastewater KW - Pharmaceutical KW - LC–MS/MS PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.022 SN - 0043-1354 VL - 57 SP - 104 EP - 114 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, M. A1 - Katzmann, J. A1 - Naik, Aakash Ashok A1 - Görne, A. L. A1 - Härtling, Thomas A1 - George, Janine A1 - Schuster, C. T1 - Investigations on electron beam irradiated rare-earth doped SrF2 for application as low fading dosimeter material: Evidence for and DFT simulation of a radiation-induced phase N2 - A recent approach to measure electron radiation doses in the kGy range is the use of phosphors with an irradiation dose-dependent luminescence decay time. However, the applicability of the previously investigated material NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ is limited as it shows pronounced fading. Therefore, in this work, a modified SrF2 synthesis is presented that results in SrF2 nanoparticles codoped with Yb and either Er, Hm, or Tm. To assess their suitability as dosimeter material, dose response, as well as its degree of fading over 50 up to 140 days after irradiation were measured. Fading rates as small as 5% in SrF2:Er,Yb and 4% in SrF2:Ho,Yb were derived, which are comparable to established dosimeter materials. A combination of spectroscopy, diffraction and DFT calculations was used to elucidate the effect of irradiation, pointing towards the formation of a secondary phase of Yb2+ that we predict could be Yb2OF2. This irreversible formation of a secondary phase is considered to be the explanation for the low fading behavior in SrF2-based phosphors compared to NaYF4:Yb, Er, a highly attractive feature for electron beam dosimetry. KW - DFT KW - Structure prediction PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554115 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC01773C SN - 2050-7526 VL - 10 IS - 32 SP - 11579 EP - 11587 PB - RSC CY - London AN - OPUS4-55411 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -