TY - JOUR A1 - Koester, M. A1 - Stock, S. C. A1 - Nájera, F. A1 - Abdallah, Khaled A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Prietzel, J. A1 - Matus, F. A1 - Klysubun, W. A1 - Boy, J. A1 - Kuzyakov, Y. A1 - Dippold, M. A. A1 - Spielvogel, S. T1 - From rock eating to vegetarian ecosystems — Disentangling processes of phosphorus acquisition across biomes N2 - Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are crucial for the mobilization and acquisition of mineral phosphorus by plants. However, the role of LMWOAs in mobilizing organic phosphorus, which is the predominant phosphorus form in at least half of the world’s ecosystems, especially in humid climates, is unclear. The mechanisms of phosphorus mobilization by LMWOAs depend on climate, mainly precipitation, and shape the phosphorus nutrition strategies of plants. We disentangled the impact of roots and associated microorganisms on mechanisms of phosphorus cycling mediated by LMWOAs by studying soils along an ecosystem-sequence (ecosequence) from arid shrubland (~70 mm yr-1), and Mediterranean woodland (~370 mm yr-1) to humid-temperate forest (~1470 mm yr-1). Phosphorus speciation in soil was examined by X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis (XANES). LMWOAs were quantified as biological rock-weathering and organic phosphorus mobilization agents and compared to kinetics of acid phosphatase as a proxy for organic phosphorus mineralization. Calcium-bound phosphorus in topsoils decreased from 126 mg kg-1 in the arid shrubland, to 19 mg kg-1 in the Mediterranean woodland and was undetectable in the humid-temperate forest. In contrast, organic phosphorus in topsoils in close root proximity (0–2 mm distance to roots) was absent in the arid shrubland but raised to 220 mg kg-1 in the Mediterranean woodland and to 291 mg kg-1 in the humid-temperate forest. The organic phosphorus content in topsoils was 1.6 to 2.4 times higher in close root proximity (0–2 mm distance to roots) compared to bulk soil (4–6 mm distance to roots) in the Mediterranean woodland and humid-temperate forest, showing intensive phosphorus bioaccumulation in the rhizosphere. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that LMWOAs were explained by the content of hydroxyapatite and variscite phosphorus-species in the arid shrubland, indicating that LMWOAs contribute to mineral weathering in this soil. LMWOA contents, phosphatase activity, and microbial biomass carbon correlated strongly with organic phosphorus in the humid-temperate forest soil, which implies a high relevance of LMWOAs for organic phosphorus recycling. In the Mediterranean woodland soil, however, oxalic acid correlated with organic phosphorus in the topsoil (suggesting phosphorus recycling), whereas in the subsoil malic and citric acid were correlated with primary and secondary phosphorus minerals (implying mineral weathering). We conclude that phosphorus acquisition and cycling depend strongly on climate and that the functions of LMWOAs in the rhizosphere change fundamentally along the precipitation gradient. In the arid shrubland LMWOAs facilitate biochemical weathering (rock eating), while in the humid-temperate forest their functions change towards supporting organic phosphorus recycling (vegetarian). KW - Rhizosphere processes KW - Phosphorus K-edge-XANES spectroscopy KW - Low-molecular-weight organic substances KW - Organic phosphorus breakdown KW - Biogenic weathering KW - Climate gradient PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114827 VL - 388 SP - 114827 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-51931 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tonon, C. A1 - Breitenbach, Romy A1 - Voigt, Oliver A1 - Turci, F. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Favero-Longo, S. E. T1 - Hyphal morphology and substrate porosity -rather than melanization- drive penetration of black fungi into carbonate substrates N2 - Due to their ability to penetrate, deteriorate and discolour stone surfaces, rock-inhabiting black fungi represent a remarkable issue for cultural heritage conservation. Black microcolonial fungi (MCF) can also adapt to different environmental conditions, by converting from yeast-like morphology to a peculiar meristematic development with swollen cells (torulose hyphae, TH), to extremely thin structures (filamentous hyphae, FH). Furthermore, black MCF produce protective pigments: melanin, dark pigment particularly evident on light stone surfaces, and carotenoids. Black fungi produce melanin in critical, oligotrophic conditions as well as constitutively. Melanin function is mostly related to stress resistance and the ability of fungi to generate appressorial turgor to actively penetrate plant cells in pathogenic species. An involvement of melanins in stone surface penetration has been suggested, but not experimentally proved. In this work, we tested the role of hyphal melanisation in penetration mechanisms on the model black fungus Knufia petricola A95 in lab conditions. The wild-type and three mutants with introduced targeted mutations of polyketide-synthases (melanin production) and/or phytoene dehydrogenase (carotenoid synthesis) were inoculated on artificial carbonate pellets (pressed Carrara marble powder) of different porosity. After 5, 10, 17 and 27 weeks, hyphal penetration depth and spread were quantified on periodic acid Schiff-stained cross-sections of the pellets, collecting measurements separately for TH and FH. Droplet assay of the mutants on different media were conducted to determine the role of nutrients in the development of different fungal morphologies. In our in vitro study, the hyphal penetration depth, never exceeding 200 μm, was proven to be consistent with observed penetration patterns on stone heritage carbonate substrates. Pellet porosity affected penetration patterns of TH, which developed in voids of the more porous pellets, instead than actively opening new passageways. Oppositely, the thin diameter of FH allowed their penetration independently of substrate porosity. Instead, the long-hypothesized crucial role of melanin in black MCF hyphal penetration should be rejected. TH were developed within the pellets also by melanin deficient strains, and melanized strains showed an endolithic component of non-melanized TH. FH were non-melanized for all the strains, but deeply penetrated all pellet types, with higher penetration depth probably related to their potential exploratory (nutrient-seeking) role, while TH may be more related to a resistance to surface stress factors. In the melanin deficient strains, the absence of melanin caused an increased penetration rate of FH, hypothetically related to an earlier necessity to search for organic nutrients. KW - Biodeterioration KW - Bioreceptivity KW - Black microcolonial fungi KW - Marble KW - Stone cultural heritage KW - Stress tolerance PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.11.003 VL - 48 SP - 244 EP - 253 PB - Elsevier Masson SAS CY - Paris, Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-51933 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stock, S. C. A1 - Koester, M. A1 - Nájera, F. A1 - Boy, J. A1 - Matus, F. A1 - Merino, C. A1 - Abdallah, K. A1 - Spielvogel, S. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Dippold, M. A. A1 - Kuzyakov, Y. ED - Nunan, Naoise T1 - Vegetation strategies for nitrogen and potassium acquisition along a climate and vegetation gradient: From semi-desert to temperate rainforest N2 - Nutrient acquisition strategies of plants regulate water flow and mass transport within ecosystems, shaping earth surface processes. Understanding plant strategies under current conditions is important to assess and predict responses of natural ecosystems to future climate and environmental changes. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) (re-)utilization from topsoil and their acquisition from subsoil and saprolite were evaluated in a continental transect, encompassing three study sites – an arid shrubland, a mediterranean woodland, and a temperate rainforest – on similar granitoid parent material in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. The short-term (<1 year) plant N and K acquisition was traced with 15N and the K analogs rubidium and cesium. To do so, the tracers were either injected into topsoil, subsoil, or saprolite, in the immediate vicinity of eight individual plants per study site and injection depth. The long-term (>decades) K uplift by plants was investigated by the vertical distribution of exchangeable K+ and Na+. Recoveries of 15N and K analogs by arid shrubland plants were similar from topsoil, subsoil, and saprolite. Mediterranean woodland shrubs recovered the tracers primarily from topsoil (i.e., 89 % of recovered 15N and 84 % of recovered K analogs). Forest plants recovered the tracers from topsoil (15N = 49 %, K analogs = 57 %) and partially from greater depth: 38 % of recovered 15N and 43 % of recovered K analogs were acquired from subsoil and saprolite, respectively. Low nutrient accessibility in the topsoil (e.g., because of frequent droughts) drives shrubland plants to expand their N and K uptake to deeper and moister soil and saprolite. Woodland and forest plants dominantly recycled nutrients from topsoil. In the forest, this strategy was complemented by short-term uplift of N and K from depth. The vertical distribution of exchangeable K indicated long-term uplift of K by roots in all three sites. This highlighted that long-term K uplift from depth complements the nutrient budget across the continental transect. KW - Subsoil nutrient tracing KW - N and K analog tracer KW - Nutrient uplift and recyclin KW - Nutrient cycles KW - (Semi)arid to humid-temperate natural ecosys KW - Tems KW - Chilean Coastal Cordillera PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116077 SN - 0016-7061 VL - 425 SP - 2 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-56129 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Black fungi on technosphere surfaces: new niches for roof-inhabiting cousins N2 - Human-made systems, also called “build environment” or “technosphere”, sustain human comfort as well as our industrial activities. These systems have become particularly widespread since the Industrial Revolution, i.e., since the 17th century. At the same time, these technical systems – buildings, monuments, energy production, transformation and transmission, water purification and supply systems - serve as new habitats for living organisms. Life is ubiquitously present on our planet since a very long time: the Earth is 4.54 billion years old and microbial communities have played a key role on our planet for 3.7 billion years. Once human-made system appeared, microorganisms became an integral part of all types of technosphere infrastructure as well. Here we will illustrate biosphere-technosphere interactions using a specific example of the black fungi and their impact on the efficiency of solar (photovoltaic) panels. This expanding renewable infrastructure for electricity generation is growing on all continents - and create a specific, arid habitat for stress-tolerant black fungi. Black fungi were once discovered in hot and cold natural deserts – and now belong to the persistent colonisers of human-made deserts of solar parks. This new niche is evolving an impressive biodiversity. So far more than 60 isolates of black fungi belonging to Arthoniomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes were obtained from solar panels in Europe and Americas. Here we will present the analysis of this emerging anthropogenic biodiversity. Opportunities for future research in the field include quantification of the microbial load on technosphere surfaces – along with characterisation of the corresponding microbial diversity. The strategy of precise measurement and characterisation will enable us to reliably determine the beneficial and harmful functions that living microorganisms play in the functioning of energy-generating systems – and technosphere in general. T2 - IUBMB Focused Meeting on Extremophilic Fungi (FUN-EX) CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 19.09.2923 KW - Biosphere-technosphere interaction KW - Microbial communities KW - Solar parks PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58451 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chizhikova, N. P. A1 - Lessovaia, S. N. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna ED - Frank-Kamenetskaya, O. V. ED - Panova, E. G. ED - Vlasov, D. Y. T1 - Biogenic weathering of mineral substrates (Review) N2 - A biological impact on weathering was recognized already at the beginning of the twentieth century, when biochemical influence of the lichen growth on rocks was convincingly demonstrated. Later it was shown that the progress of solid rock weathering initiated by biological colonization was affected by the initial porosity system and sensitivity of mineral association. In the meantime a considerable amount of diverse scientific data confirm the importance of biological rock colonizers (lichens and free-living rock biofilms) in mineral material dynamics as they occur at the atmosphere-exposed rock surfaces on local as well as global scale. Subaerial rock biofilms—microbial ecosystem including free-living heterotrophic and phototrophic settlers of bare rock surfaces—are characteristic for the first stage of primary succession of terrestrial ecosystems on mineral substrates. These cultivable and free-living communities are dominated by fungi and set the stage for the later development of a lichen cover, but in comparison to lichens also represent a new tool for laboratory experimentation and thus open a new stage of work in geomicrobiology. The Minerals sensitivity to microbially induced biological weathering can be demonstrated by studies of natural samples as well as by the laboratory mesocosm experiments. KW - Liches KW - Biofilms KW - Minerals KW - Transformations PY - 2016 SN - 9783319249872 SN - 9783319249858 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24987-2_2 SN - 2193-8571 SP - Part I, 7 EP - 14 PB - Springer International Publishing AN - OPUS4-35677 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Zahlreiche Widerspenstige: Steinlaus, Steinpilz, Steinbiofilm, Steinalge, Steinbakterium… T2 - Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften 2012 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2012-06-02 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26312 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Bare rock biofilms - Model systems in biodeterioration sciences N2 - Essential processes in the establishment and maintenance of rock biofilms include photosynthesis, production of extracellular polymeric substances, substrate penetration and atmospheric nutrient enrichment. Functional diversity is supported by a complex subaerial biofilm (SAB) community of heterotrophic and phototrophic microorganisms. Stress tolerant and melanised Ascomycetes dominate heterotrophic SABs while diverse algae and cyanobacteria comprise the phototrophic consortia. Laboratory simulation of SABs permits use of molecular-genetic methods coupled with geochemical and microscopic analyses to study weathering. Our in vitro model includes two free-living and symbiosis-competent, genetically tractable microorganisms: the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme and the microcolonial rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola. This genetically amenable cyanobacterium/fungus model biofilm allows development of quantitative methods tailored to the natural diversity of SABs. Precise, reproducible studies using this model biofilm have shown that both the melanised fungus, as well as the combined bacterial/fungal system, enhances the weathering of minerals. Geochemical signatures of these in vitro rock biofilms can now be obtained and compared with bacterial/fungal mutants of varied EPS composition and substrate penetration patterns. And finally, precise study of the model cyanobacterium/fungus biofilm will Permit prediction of the effects of conservational treatments. T2 - 2. European conference on Biodeterioration of stone monuments CY - Cergy-Pontoise, France DA - 17.11.2016 KW - Model rock biofilm KW - Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Del Carmen Montero-Calasanz, M. A1 - Göker, M. A1 - Broughton, W.J. A1 - Cattaneo, A. A1 - Favet, J. A1 - Pötter, G. A1 - Rohde, M. A1 - Spröer, C. A1 - Schumann, P. A1 - Klenk, H.-P. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Geodermatophilus tzadiensis sp. nov., a UV radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from sand of the Saharan desert N2 - Three novel Gram-positive, aerobic, actinobacterial strains, CF5/2T, CF5/1 and CF7/1, were isolated in 2007 during environmental screening of arid desert soil in the Sahara desert, Chad. Results from riboprinting, MALDI-TOF protein spectra and 16S rRNA sequence analysis confirmed that all three strains belonged to the same species. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences with the strains' closest relatives indicated that they represented a distinct species. The three novel strains also shared a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics distinct from previously named Geodermatophilus species. The novel strains' peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; their main phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were the branched-chain saturated acids iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. Galactose was detected as diagnostic sugar. Based on these chemotaxonomic results, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization between strain CF5/2T and the type strains of Geodermatophilus saharensis, Geodermatophilus arenarius, Geodermatophilus nigrescens, Geodermatophilus telluris and Geodermatophilus siccatus, the isolates CF5/2T, CF5/1 and CF7/1 are proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus tzadiensis, with type strain CF5/2T = DSM 45416 = MTCC 11411 and two reference strains, CF5/1 (DSM 45415) and CF7/1 (DSM 45420). KW - Geodermatophilaceae KW - Actinomycetes KW - Taxonomy KW - Radiation-resistant PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2012.12.005 SN - 0723-2020 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 177 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28261 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Biofilms in transition: from unwanted layer to material actor N2 - Biofilms on material surfaces have long been regarded as unwanted biological layers and deposits — a kind of living patina. As our knowledge of them is growing, their role is currently undergoing transformation, revealing surprising capacities for problem-solving and material alteration and design. Together, we can explore new perspectives on the interplay between vitality, materiality, and design, challenging conventional boundaries between nature, technology, and aesthetics. T2 - https://www.matters-of-activity.de/en/activities/17716/materials-and-materialities-critical-conversations-across-the-humanities-and-sciences CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2025 KW - Reference organisms KW - Reproducible experiments KW - Model biofilms PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-64495 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giongo, A. A1 - Favet, J. A1 - Lapanje, A. A1 - Gano, K.A. A1 - Kennedy, S. A1 - Davis-Richardson, A.G. A1 - Brown, C. A1 - Beck, A. A1 - Farmerie, W.G. A1 - Cattaneo, A. A1 - Crabb, D.B. A1 - Aung, Y.-Y. A1 - Kort, R. A1 - Brumsack, H.-J. A1 - Schnetger, B. A1 - Broughton, William J. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Triplett, E.W. T1 - Microbial hitchhikers on intercontinental dust: high-throughput sequencing to catalogue microbes in small sand samples N2 - Microbiological studies on the intercontinental transport of dust are confounded by the difficulty of obtaining sufficient material for analysis. Axenic samples of dust collected at high altitudes or historic specimens in museums are often so small and precious that the material can only be sacrificed when positive results are assured. With this in mind, we evaluated current methods and developed new ones in an attempt to catalogue all microbes present in small dust or sand samples. The methods used included classical microbiological approaches in which sand extracts were plated out on a variety of different media, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification of 16S/18S rRNA sequences followed by construction of clone libraries, PCR amplification of 16S rRNA sequences followed by high-throughput sequencing (HtS) of the products and direct HtS of DNA extracted from the sand. A representative sand sample collected at Bahaï Wadi in the desert of the Republic of Chad was used. HtS with or without amplification showed the most promise and can be performed on ≤100 ng DNA. Since living microbes are often required, current best practices would involve geochemical and microscopic characterisation of the sample, followed by DNA isolation and direct HtS. Once the microbial content of the sample has been deciphered, growth conditions (including media) can be tailored to isolate the micro-organisms of interest. KW - Chad KW - Deserts KW - Eukaryota KW - 16S amplicons KW - Metagenomics PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-012-9264-0 SN - 0393-5965 SN - 1573-3025 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 84 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-27687 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noack-Schönmann, Steffi A1 - Spagin, Olga A1 - Gründer, Klaus-Peter A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Günther, Achim A1 - Muschik, Bernd A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Sub-aerial biofilms as blockers of solar radiation: spectral properties as tools to charcterise material-relevant microbial growth N2 - Sub-aerial biofilms (SABs) are ubiquitous microbial communities that develop at the interface between hard surfaces and the atmosphere. Inherent SAB 'core-settlers' include phototrophic algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and microcolonial fungi (MCF). SABs do not simply cover hard surfaces; they interact with them in myriads of ways and bind to the underlying substrate. Secretion of extracellular mucilage aids adhesion, while organic acids and acidic polysaccharides weather the surface. As protection against solar radiation, many members of the SAB consortia produce shielding pigments while the phototrophic inhabitants are laden with photosynthetic pigments. All absorb light of many wavelengths and in addition, the cells themselves scatter light. Both effects change the spectra of incoming radiation (including wavelengths that are converted to electricity by photovoltaic cells) and decrease its intensity. To quantify these effects on SABs as complex entities of organisms and pigments, we measured the spectral properties of model and natural biofilms transferred to glass. Here we show that SABs growing on solar panels and other substrates scatter incident radiation between 250 nm up to 1800 nm and block up to 70% of its transmission. Model biofilms have the advantage that their microbial components can be 'tuned' to resemble natural ones of different compositions thus providing a novel materials-testing tool. KW - Material-colonising microorganisms KW - Microcolonial fungi KW - Glass biodeterioration KW - Solar panels KW - Biofilm-impaired transmittance of radiation PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.09.020 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 86 SP - 286 EP - 293 PB - Elsevier CY - Barking AN - OPUS4-30128 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Landsberger, Petra A1 - Boenke, Viola A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Rodenacker, K. A1 - Pierce, B.F. A1 - Kratz, K. A1 - Lendlein, A. T1 - Bacterial attachment on poly[acrylonitrile-co-(2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid)] surfaces N2 - The influence of material properties on bacterial attachment to surfaces needs to be understood when applying polymer-based biomaterials. Positively charged materials can kill adhered bacteria when the charge density is sufficiently high but such materials initially increase the adherence of some bacteria such as Escherichia coli. On the other hand, negatively charged materials have been shown to inhibit initial bacterial adhesion, but this effect has only been demonstrated in relatively few biomaterial classes and needs to be evaluated using additional systems. Gradients in surface charge can impact bacterial adhesion and this was tested in our experimental setup. Moreover, the evaluation of bacterial adhesion to biomaterials is required to assess their potential for biological applications. Here, we studied the bacterial adhesion of E. coli and Bacillus subtilis on the surfaces of acrylonitrile-based copolymer samples with different amounts of 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaMAS) comonomer. The content related to NaMAS based repeating units nNaMAS varied in the range from 0.9 to 1.5 mol%. We found a reduced colonized area of E. coli for NaMAS containing copolymers in comparison to pure PAN materials, whereby the bacterial colonization was similar for copolymers with different nNaMAS amounts. A different adhesion behavior was obtained for the second tested organism B. subtilis, where the implementation of negative charges into PAN did not change the overall adhesion pattern. Furthermore, it was observed that B. subtilis adhesion was significantly increased on copolymer samples that exhibited a more irregular surface roughness. T2 - MRS Spring meeting 2013 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 01.04.2013 KW - Biomaterial KW - Biological KW - Polymer PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.832 VL - 1569 IS - MRSS13-1569-NN15-13.R1 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-30161 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Wachsender Faktor der Energiewende: Biofilme auf Photovoltaikmodulen T2 - Vortrag, Universität Oldenburg CY - Oldenburg, Germany DA - 2014-04-29 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30870 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Rock-inhabiting fungi and phototrophs on bare rock surfaces - laboratory model systems in geomicrobiology T2 - Institutskolloquium CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2012-09-11 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26467 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montero-Calasanz, M.d.C. A1 - Göker, M. A1 - Pötter, G. A1 - Rohde, M. A1 - Spröer, C. A1 - Schumann, P. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Klenk, H.-P. T1 - Geodermatophilus normandii sp. nov., isolated from Saharan desert sand N2 - A novel Gram-reaction-positive actinobacterial strain, designated CF5/3T, was isolated from a sand sample obtained in the Sahara Desert, Chad. The greenish-black-pigmented isolate was aerobic and exhibited optimal growth from 25–40 °C at pH 6.0–10.0 with 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. The DNA G+C content of the genome of the novel strain was 75.5 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a minor fraction of phosphatidylglycerol. MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone, and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids: iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 95.6–98.8 % pairwise sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic distinctiveness, the isolate represents a novel species, Geodermatophilus normandii, with the type strain CF5/3T (=DSM 45417T=CCUG 62814T=MTCC 11412T). PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.051201-0 SN - 1466-5026 SN - 1466-5034 VL - 63 IS - 9 SP - 3437 EP - 3443 PB - SGM CY - Reading AN - OPUS4-30220 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Materials conservation for a sustainable development T2 - Workshop + Lehrveranstaltung: "Science and Past: Materials conservation for a sustainable development" CY - Zaragoza, Spain DA - 2012-11-13 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27109 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial ecology of material surfaces and their biofilms: deserts at your doorstep N2 - Introduction. Throughout a remarkably long period land colonisation on Earth has been proceeding by biofilm growth on bare rock surfaces. This very long history of sub-aerial biofilm development resulted in a high degree of their specialisation in challenging environments including desert rocks and high mountain altitudes. Presently the solid substrate/atmosphere interface habitat is frequently anthropogenic and includes e.g. building surfaces as well as industrial energy-producing facilities like solar plants. Those can be looked upon as pseudodeserts inhabited by complex microbial communities metabolising under limited water availability and high sun irradiation. Aim. We intended to compare microbial settlers from sub-aerial biofilms that grow on photovoltaic panels and painted building facades surfaces to the known database of the rock-inhabiting fungi. Materials and methods. Characteristic organisms' that dominate specific rock-inhabiting as well as buildings' facades- and photovoltaic panel-dwelling communities were isolated, identified, and characterized by microbiological and molecular biological methods. Results. Melanised meristematic ascomycetes are the most enduring and numerous dwellers on sub-aerial rock, facade and solar panel surfaces. Obviously, environmental changes perturb sub-aerial biofilm development but over a number of seasons, these changes result in relatively stable microbial communities peculiar to this particular environmental niche. Conclusions. A broad selection of melanised meristematic ascomycetes is indicative of sub-aerial biofilm on all atmosphere-exposed surfaces and can thus be referred to as "reference organisms" for these habitats. Our experimental evidence confirms that colonization of such substrates is facilitated by a symbiosis between a photosynthesizing organism and a fungus that are equipped to cope with the stress associated with sub-aerial existence. Melanised ascomycetes possess a very special stress-tolerant life style that arises under the influence of atmosphere and the solid support. It should be pointed out, that (1) these biofilm communities cannot be considered as "primitive" ones regarding the very long history of their development and high degree of their specialization; and (2) symbiotically competent but free-living bacterial/fungal biofilms cannot be compared to lichen communities, evolving much later than biofilm ecosystems. A genetically tractable laboratory system that includes the key participants of sub-aerial biofilm ecosystems is currently used for the development of standard test procedures in material sciences. Keywords. Sub-aerial biofilms, rock-inhabiting melanised fungi, reference organisms, solar panels biofilms T2 - XVI. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium; International Biodeterioation & Biodegradation Society CY - Lodz, Poland DA - 2014-09-03 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31922 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Hauswand als Wüstenlandschaft: mikrobielle Besiedlung von luft-exponierten Oberflächen T2 - 2. Photokatalyse-Kolloqium; Fachverband angewandte Photokatalyse CY - Frankfurt am Main; Deutschland DA - 2014-10-02 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31923 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Biofilme auf Photovoltaikanlagen T2 - 10. Workshop Photovoltaik-Modultechnik; TÜV Rheinland CY - Cologne, Germany DA - 2013-11-28 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-30636 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Leben auf Materialien: von Grundlagen der Biofilmbildung zu angewandter Forschung und neuen Werkstofftests T2 - DECHEMA Frühjahrstagung der Biotechnologen 2014 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 2014-03-11 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-32262 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Bouchez, J. A1 - Von Blanckenburg, F. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial colonization of bare rocks: laboratory biofilm enhances mineral weathering N2 - A laboratory biofilm consisting of the phototrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 and the rock-inhabiting ascomycete Knufia petricola CBS 726.95 was tested for its mineral weathering potential. Minerals with different grain sizes and mineralogy were incubated with and without biofilm in batch and in flow-through column experiments. After incubation, the mineral dissolution was quantified analysing (i) leachate chemistry via ICP-OES/MS (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry) and (ii) the residual grains as thin polished sections via SEM/TEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry). Mineral dissolution was enhanced in biotic experiments as compared to abiotic ones, for both batch culture and flow-through approaches. Analyses of thin polished sections confirmed the leaching of these elements near the surface of the mineral grains. These results clearly indicate a biotic effect on the weathering of minerals produced by the laboratory biofilm. KW - Biotic weathering KW - Flow-through cell KW - Albite KW - Forsterite KW - Olivine PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.042 SN - 1878-5220 VL - 10 SP - 123 EP - 129 PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-32739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -