TY - JOUR A1 - Panzier, Nicole A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Silikatkeramik und Hochleistungskeramik aus dem 3-D-Druck N2 - In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen additiven Fertigungsverfahren und ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeiten vorgestellt. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Silikatkeramik. Für jedes 3D Druckverfahren werden die Möglichkeiten mit Silikatkeramik, Hochleistungskeramik und Dentalkeramik aufgezeigt. Auf den Nutzen der verschiedenen 3D Druckverfahren für industrielle Anwendungen, den privaten Bereich, sowie die Verwendung für Kunst und Design wird eingegangen. Das Potenzial der Additiven Fertigung wird auch für den Bereich der Keramik in der dentalen Anwendung bewertet. KW - Additive Fertigung KW - 3D Druck KW - Silikatkeramik KW - Hochleistungskeramik PY - 2022 UR - https://www.quintessence-publishing.com/deu/de/article/3634513/quintessenz-zahntechnik/2022/12/silikatkeramik-und-hochleistungskeramik-aus-dem-3-d-druck SN - 0340-4641 VL - 48 IS - 12 SP - 1260 EP - 1268 PB - Quintessence Publ. CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56792 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franchin, G. A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Karl, D. A1 - Yun, H. A1 - Tian, X. T1 - Editorial: Advances in additive manufacturing of ceramics N2 - Recently, additive manufacturing of ceramics has achieved the maturity to be transferred from scientific laboratories to industrial applications. At the same time, research is progressing to expand the boundaries of this field into the territory of novel materials and applications. This feature issue addresses current progress in all aspects of additive manufacturing of ceramics, from parts design to feedstock selection, from technological development to characterization of printed components. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Ceramic PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549361 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2022.100277 SN - 2666-5395 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-54936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Combination of layerwise slurry deposition and binder jetting (lsd-print) for the additive manufacturing of advanced ceramic materials N2 - Powder bed technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. Powder bed fusion and binder jetting especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. The application of these techniques to most ceramics has been difficult so far, because of the challenges related to the deposition of homogeneous powder layers when using fine powders. In this context, the “layerwise slurry deposition” (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of powder bed AM technologies also for advanced ceramic materials. The layerwise slurry deposition consists of the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade, in which the slurry is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer. This offers high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size. The LSD technology can be combined with binder jetting to develop the so-called “LSDprint” process for the additive manufacturing of ceramics. The LSDprint technology combines the high-speed printing of binder jetting with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to those achieved by traditional processing. In this presentation, the LSD process will be introduced and several examples of application ranging from silicate to high-performance ceramics will be shown. Recent developments towards the scale-up and industrialization of this process will be discussed, alongside future perspectives for the multi-material additive manufacturing. T2 - Shaping 8 CY - Dübendorf, Switzerland DA - 14.09.2022 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - 3D printing KW - Ceramics PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56523 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Melo Bernardino, Raphael A1 - Valentino, S. A1 - Franchin, G. A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Manufacturing of ceramic components with internal channels by a novel additive/subtractive hybridizazion process N2 - A new approach for fabrication of ceramic components with inner channels is proposed, as a result of the combination of two additive and one subtractive manufacturing processes. In this project, porcelain parts are manufactured by the Layerwise Slurry Deposition (LSD) process, meanwhile end milling and Direct Ink Writing (DIW) are applied to create channels on the surface of the deposited ceramic. Unique to the LSD process is the Formation of a freestanding powder bed with a mechanical strength comparable to conventional slip casted ceramic green bodies. Combining these three processes allows the manufacturing of ceramic objects containing an internal path of ink, which in this case was a graphite-based ink that can be further eliminated by heat treatment to obtain a porcelain object embedded with channels. The results show the capabilities of this method and its potential to fabricate not only parts with inner channels, but also multi-material and multi-functional components (such as integrated electronic circuits). KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Layerwise Slurry Deposition KW - Hybrid Manufacturing PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-510012 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539520300109?via%3Dihub DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2020.100010 VL - 2 SP - 100010 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-51001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diener, S. A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Literature review: Methods for achieving high powder bed densities in ceramic powder bed based additive manufacturing N2 - In additive manufacturing the powder bed based processes binder jetting and powder bed fusion are increasingly used also for the production of ceramics. Final part properties depend to a high percentage on the powder bed density. Therefore, the aim is to use the best combination of powder deposition method and powder which leads to a high packing of the particles. The influence of flowability, powder properties and deposition process on the powder bed density is discussed and the different deposition processes including slurry-based ones are reviewed. It turns out that powder bed density reached by slurry-based layer deposition exceeds conventional powder deposition, however, layer drying and depowdering are extra steps or more time-consuming for the slurry route. Depending on the material properties needed the most suitable process for the part has to be selected. KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Powder-based processes KW - Powder bed density PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-534992 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2021.100191 VL - 8 SP - 100191 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-53499 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Continuous layer deposition for the Additive Manufacturing of ceramics by Layerwise Slurry Deposition (LSD-print) N2 - Powder bed technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. The application of these techniques to most ceramics has been difficult so far, because of the challenges related to the deposition of homogeneous powder layers when using fine powders. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method enabling the use of powder bed AM technologies also for advanced ceramic materials. The layerwise slurry deposition consists of the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade, in which the slurry is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder. Not only very fine, submicron powders can be processed with low organics, but also the dense powder bed provides excellent support to the parts built. The LSD technology can be combined with binder jetting to develop the so-called “LSD-print” process. LSD-print combines the high-speed printing of binder jetting with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to traditional processing. The latest development of this technology shows that it is possible to print ceramic parts in a continuous process by depositing a layer onto a rotating platform, growing a powder bed following a spiral motion. The unique mechanical stability of the layers in LSD-print allows to grow a powder bed several centimeters thick without any lateral support. The continuous layer deposition allows to achieve a productivity more than 10X higher compared to the linear deposition, approaching a build volume of 1 liter/hour. T2 - 3rd Global Conference and Exhibition on Smart Additive Manufacturing, Design & Evaluation Smart MADE CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 10.04.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramic KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - LSD-print KW - Slurry KW - Binder jetting PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Colombo, P. A1 - Schmidt, J. A1 - Franchin, G. A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - Additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating complex ceramic components from preceramic polymers N2 - Capsule summary THE MATERIALS Manufacturers can use preceramic polymers to produce ceramic components in a range of compositions using a variety of additive manufacturing technologies. Preceramic polymers even can overcome some of the problems that are intrinsic to additive manufacturing in general. THE APPLICATION Modifying the composition, molecular architecture, and molecular weight of preceramic polymers allows adaptation of these materials to specific processing requirements of individual additive manufacturing technologies. THE OPPORTUNITY Further development of new additive manufacturing technologies, in addition to improvement of existing technologies, will enable manufacturing of advanced ceramic components with enhanced mechanical characteristics and new functional properties. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Preceramic polymers PY - 2017 VL - 96 IS - 3 SP - 16 EP - 23 AN - OPUS4-40747 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Layerwise slurry deposition of technical ceramics: an approach for dense powder-beds in additive manufacturing N2 - Several Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are based on the deposition of a powder to form a powder-bed layer-by-layer which typically has a low packing density (35-50%) and consequently hinders the ability of sintering ceramic parts to full density. The layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) is an innovative process for the deposition of layers in AM. In the LSD, a slurry with no or small organic content is repetitively spread as thin layers on each other by means of a doctor blade. During the deposition, the ceramic particles settle to form thin layers with a high packing density (55-60%). When coupled with a printing head or with a laser, the LSD enables novel AM technologies inspired to the 3D printing or selective laser sintering, but taking advantage of having a highly dense powder-bed. This approach has been successfully applied to silicate ceramics, but implementing technical ceramic slurries is more challenging, because the water is drained too quickly from the suspension into the pores of the previous porous layer forming a cast. In this presentation, the variables involved in the LSD will be analyzed and the latest improvements in the deposition setup will be described. The application of the LSD to technical ceramics has the potential of generating additive manufacturing parts which in the green state are comparable to those produced by slip casting. T2 - ICC6 International Congress on Ceramics CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 21.08.2016 KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - 3D printing KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Additive Manufacturing for dental restorations by layerwise slurry deposition (LSD-print) technology N2 - The growing market of custom-made dental restorations offers a major potential for an application of ceramic additive manufacturing (AM). The possibility to individualize patient specific design and to establish new efficient workflows, from model generation to manufacturing, can be fully exploited by AM technologies. However, for mass customization to be truly envisioned, ceramic AM needs to achieve a level of maturity, aesthetic quality, and productivity comparable to established manufacturing processes. In this presentation, the potential of the “layerwise slurry deposition” LSD-print technology for dental applications will be explored. It has been shown in the past years that the LSD-print can be applied to advanced ceramic materials such as alumina and silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide. For these materials, the LSD-print technology combines the high-speed printing of binder jetting with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics. The current development deals with the challenges of applying this technology to a feldspar dental material, comparing the quality of AM restorations with the equivalent material for an established CAD/CAM workflow. Preliminary results not only indicate that the AM material produced by LSD-print can be competitive in terms of mechanical properties, but also that aesthetically satisfactory restorations can be manufactured for veneers, inlays and onlays as well as single unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). The presentation focuses on the material and technological challenges alongside the process chain, from the printing process, to debinding, firing and finishing the restorations. T2 - XVIIIth Conference of the European Ceramic Society CY - Lyon, France DA - 02.07.2023 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - dental KW - ceramic PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58469 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Additive manufacturing of ceramics from water-based feedstocks with low binder content N2 - A major challenge in the current ceramic additive manufacturing is the debinding of the printed parts, which is often associated with long process times and limitations in size and wall thickness. Binder jetting, a powder-based AM technology, can in principle generate thick-walled parts with a low amount of organics and with high productivity. However, this technology is often not capable of handling the fine powders required as raw materials for most technical ceramics. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD-print) has been developed as a layer deposition method using water-based ceramic slurry feedstocks, enabling binder jetting also for advanced ceramic materials. LSD-print thus combines the high-speed printing of binder jetting with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality technical ceramics. Perspectives and limitations of the LSD-print will be presented, with focus on achieving short debinding cycles and high productivity. T2 - MS&T CY - Pittsburgh, PA, USA DA - 06.10.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramic KW - Binder KW - Slurry KW - Water-based PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61882 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Sänger, Johanna A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Continuous layer deposition for the Additive Manufacturing of ceramics by Layerwise Slurry Deposition N2 - Powder bed technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. The application of these techniques to most ceramics has been difficult so far, because of the challenges related to the deposition of homogeneous powder layers when using fine powders. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method enabling the use of powder bed AM technologies also for advanced ceramic materials. The layerwise slurry deposition consists of the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade, in which the slurry is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder. Not only very fine, submicron powders can be processed with low organics, but also the dense powder bed provides excellent support to the parts built. The latest development of this technology shows that it is possible to print ceramic parts in a continuous process by depositing a layer onto a rotating platform, growing a powder bed following a spiral motion. The unique mechanical stability of the layers in LSD-print allows to grow a powder bed several centimeters thick without any lateral support. The continuous layer deposition allows to achieve a productivity more than 10X higher compared to the linear deposition, approaching a build volume of 1 liter/hour. T2 - DKG Jahrestagung 2024 CY - Höhr-Grenzhausen, Germany DA - 09.09.2024 KW - Ceramic KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61051 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Synthesis and 3D-printing of silicate bioceramics from preceramic polymers and fillers T2 - 38th International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC '14) CY - Daytona Beach, FL, USA DA - 2014-01-26 PY - 2014 N1 - Geburtsname von Wirth, Cynthia: Gomes, C. M. - Birth name of Wirth, Cynthia: Gomes, C. M. AN - OPUS4-30241 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - 3D-Printing of Porous Polymer-Derived Ceramics T2 - 37th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY - Daytona Beach, FL, USA DA - 2013-01-27 PY - 2013 N1 - Geburtsname von Wirth, Cynthia: Gomes, C. M. - Birth name of Wirth, Cynthia: Gomes, C. M. AN - OPUS4-27977 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - LSD- 3D printing: Powder based Additive Manufacturing, from porcelain to technical ceramics N2 - Powder based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are widely used for metallic and polymeric materials, but rarely commercially used for ceramic materials, especially for technical ceramics. This seemingly contradicting observation is explained by the fact that in powder based AM, a dry flowable powder needs to be used. Technical ceramics powders are in fact typically very fine and poorly flowable, which makes them not suitable for AM. The layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) is an innovative process for the deposition of powder layers with a high packing density for powder based AM. In the LSD process, a ceramic slurry is deposited to form thin powder layers, rather than using a dry powder This allows the use of fine powders and achieves high packing density (55-60%) in the layers after drying. When coupled with a printing head or with a laser source, the LSD enables novel AM technologies which are similar to *Denotes Presenter 42nd International Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics & Composites 127 Abstracts the 3D printing or selective laser sintering, but taking advantage of having a highly dense powder bed. The LSD -3D printing, in particular, offers the potential of producing large (> 100 mm) and high quality ceramic parts, with microstructure and properties similar to traditional processing. This presentation will give an overview of the milestones in the development of this technology, with focus on the latest results applied both to silicate and to technical ceramics. T2 - 42nd International Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY - Daytona, FL, USA DA - 21.01.2018 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - 3D printing KW - Ceramic KW - Alumina KW - Porcelain KW - Silicon Carbide PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Layerwise slurry deposition for Additive Manufacturing: from densely packed powder beds to dense technical ceramics N2 - Several Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are based on the deposition of a powder to form a powder bed layer-by-layer, which typically has a low packing density (35-50%) and consequently hinders the ability of sintering ceramic parts to full density. The layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) is an innovative process for the deposition of layers in AM. In the LSD, a slurry with no or small organic content is repetitively spread as thin layers on each other by means of a doctor blade. During the deposition, the ceramic particles settle to form thin layers with a high packing density (55-60%). When coupled with a printing head or with a laser, the LSD enables novel AM technologies inspired to the 3D printing or selective laser sintering, but taking advantage of having a highly dense powder-bed. The LSD combined with inkjet binder printing (LSD-print) was applied to a submicron Al2O3 powder to produce samples which had a comparable density to uniaxially pressed samples, both in the green and in the sintered state. T2 - 92nd DKG Annual Meeting & Symposium on High-Performance Ceramics 2017 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 19.03.2017 KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - Ceramic KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - 3D Printing PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44169 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Wilbig, Janka A1 - Waske, Anja A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Widjaja, Martinus Putra A1 - Neumann, C. A1 - Clozel, M. A1 - Meyer, A. A1 - Ding, J. A1 - Zhou, Z. A1 - Tian, X. T1 - Challenges in the Technology Development for Additive Manufacturing in Space N2 - Instead of foreseeing and preparing for all possible scenarios of machine failures, accidents, and other challenges arising in space missions, it appears logical to take advantage of the flexibility of additive manufacturing for “in-space manufacturing” (ISM). Manned missions into space rely on complicated equipment, and their safe operation is a great challenge. Bearing in mind the absolute distance for manned missions to the Moon and Mars, the supply of spare parts for the repair and replacement of lost equipment via shipment from Earth would require too much time. With the high flexibility in design and the ability to manufacture ready-to-use components directly from a computer-aided model, additive manufacturing technologies appear to be extremely attractive in this context. Moreover, appropriate technologies are required for the manufacture of building habitats for extended stays of astronauts on the Moon and Mars, as well as material/feedstock. The capacities for sending equipment and material into space are not only very limited and costly, but also raise concerns regarding environmental issues on Earth. Accordingly, not all materials can be sent from Earth, and strategies for the use of in-situ resources, i.e., in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), are being envisioned. For the manufacturing of both complex parts and equipment, as well as for large infrastructure, appropriate technologies for material processing in space need to be developed. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Space KW - Process PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549204 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2022.100018 SN - 2772-6657 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-54920 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Additive Manufacturing of advanced ceramics by layerwise slurry deposition and binder jetting (LSD-print) N2 - Powder bed technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. Powder bed fusion and binder jetting especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. The application of these techniques to most ceramics has been difficult so far, because of the challenges related to the deposition of homogeneous powder layers when using fine powders. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of powder bed AM technologies also for advanced ceramic materials. The layerwise slurry deposition consists of the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade, in which the slurry is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer. This offers high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size. The LSD technology can be combined with binder jetting to develop the so-called “LSDprint” process for the additive manufacturing of ceramics. The LSDprint technology combines the high-speed printing of binder jetting with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to those achieved by traditional processing. In this presentation, the LSD process will be introduced and several examples of application ranging from silicate to high-performance ceramics will be shown. Recent developments towards the scale-up and industrialization of this process will be discussed, alongside future perspectives for the multi-material additive manufacturing. T2 - Ceramics in Europe 2022 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 10.07.2022 KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - Laser induced slipcasting KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramics PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Dense Powder Beds for the Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics N2 - Regarding feedstocks for the additive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics, two features are most critical in classical powder based AM processes: a high particle packing density (typically >50% TD) must be achieved with very fine particles (typically submicron) in order to ensure sufficient sintering activity. Three innovative approaches will be introduced to overcome this problem: 1. Layer wise slurry deposition: The use of water based ceramic slurries as feedstock for the additive manufacture of ceramics has many advantages which are not fully exploit yet. In the layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) process a slurry with no or low organic content is repetitively spread as thin layers on each other by means of a doctor blade. During the deposition, the ceramic particles settle on the previously deposited and dried material to form thin layers with a high packing density (55-60%). The LSD therefore shares aspects both of tape casting and slip casting. The LSD differentiates from the classical powder-based AM layer deposition, which typically achieves with a flowable coarse grained powder a low packing density (35-50%) only, consequently hindering the ability of sintering ceramic parts to full density. The LSD is coupled with the principles of selective laser sintering (SLS) or binder jetting, to generate novel processes which take advantage of the possibility of achieving a highly dense powder-bed. 2. Laser induced slip casting: Contrary to the LSD process, which requires drying of each individual layer, the direct interaction of ceramic slurries with intense laser radiation, for the laser induced slip casting (LIS), is a promising approach for the additive manufacture of voluminous parts. 3. Gas flow assisted powder deposition: By the application of a vacuum pump a gas flow is realized throughout the powder bed. This gas flow stabilizes the powder bed and results into an enhanced flowability and packing density of the powder during layer deposition. The presentation will provide a detailed discussion of potentialities and issues connected to the mentioned technologies and will describe the most recent developments in their application to technical ceramics. T2 - SmatMade 2022 CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 25.10.2022 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Advanced ceramics PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-59886 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Additive manufacturing of preceramic polymers: future perspectives and application to preceramic polymers T2 - EUROMAT 2015 CY - Warsaw, Poland DA - 2015-09-20 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34862 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Layerwise slurry deposition: an approach for dense powder-beds in additive manufacturing and its application to technical ceramics N2 - Several Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are based on the deposition of a powder to form a powder-bed layer-by-layer which typically has a low packing density (35-50%) and consequently hinders the ability of sintering ceramic parts to full density. The layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) is an innovative process for the deposition of layers in AM. In the LSD, a slurry with no or small organic content is repetitively spread as thin layers on each other by means of a doctor blade. During the deposition, the ceramic particles settle to form thin layers with a high packing density (55-60%). When coupled with a printing head or with a laser, the LSD enables novel AM technologies inspired to the 3D printing or selective laser sintering, but taking advantage of having a highly dense powder-bed. This approach has been successfully applied to silicate ceramics, but implementing technical ceramic slurries is more challenging, because the water is drained too quickly from the suspension into the pores of the previous porous layer. In this presentation, the variables involved in the LSD will be analyzed and the latest improvements in the deposition setup will be described. The application of the LSD to technical ceramics has the potential of generating additive manufacturing parts which in the green state are comparable to those produced by slip casting. T2 - 40th International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY - Daytona, FL, USA DA - 24.01.2016 KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - 3D printing KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37455 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Powder-based Additive Manufacturing: beyond the comfort zone of powder deposition N2 - In powder-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, an object is produced by successively depositing thin layers of a powder material and by inscribing the cross section of the object in each layer. The main methods to inscribe a layer are by binder jetting (also known as powder 3D printing) or by selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM). Powder-based AM processes have found wide application for several metallic, polymeric and also ceramic materials, due to their advantages in combining flexibility, easy upscaling and (often) good material properties of their products. The deposition of homogeneous layers is key to the reproducibility of these processes and has a direct influence on the quality of the final parts. Accordingly, powder properties such as particle size distribution, shape, roughness and process related properties such as powder flowability and packing density need to be carefully evaluated. Due to these requirements, these processes have been so far precluded to find commercial use for certain applications. In the following, two outstanding cases will be presented. A first example is that powder-based AM processes are widely used for many metallic and polymeric materials, but they find no commercial application for most technical ceramics. This seemingly contradicting observation is explained by the fact that in powder based AM, a dry flowable powder needs to be used. The processing of technical ceramics in fact typically requires very fine and poorly flowable powder, which makes them not suitable for the standard processes. There have been several approaches to adapt the raw materials to the process (e.g. by granulation), but in order to maintain the superior properties of technical ceramics it seems necessary to follow the opposite approach and adapt the process to the raw materials instead. This was the motivation for developing the Layerwise Slurry Deposition (LSD), an innovative process for the deposition of powder layers with a high packing density. In the LSD process, a ceramic slurry is deposited to form thin powder layers, rather than using a dry powder. This allows achieving high packing density (55-60%) in the layers after drying. It is also important, that standard ceramic raw materials can be used. When coupled with a printing head or with a laser source, the LSD enables novel AM technologies which are similar to 3D printing or selective laser sintering, but taking advantage of having a highly dense powder bed. The LSD -3D printing, in particular, offers the potential of producing large (> 100 mm) and high quality ceramic parts, with microstructure and properties similar to traditional processing. Moreover, due to the compact powder bed, no support structures are required for fixation of the part in the printing process. Figure 1 shows the schematics of the working principle of the LSD-3D print and illustrates some examples of the resolution and features achievable. The second outstanding case here described is the application of powder-based AM in environments with reduced or zero gravity. The vision is to be able to produce repair parts, tools and other objects during a space mission, such as on the International Space Station (ISS), without the need of delivering such parts from Earth or carrying them during the mission. AM technologies are also envisioned to play an important role even for future missions to bring mankind to colonize other planets, be it on Mars or on the Moon. In this situation, reduced gravity is also experienced (the gravitational acceleration is 0.16 g on the Moon and 0.38 g on Mars). These environments cause the use of AM powder technologies to be very problematic: the powder layers need to be stabilized in order to avoid dispersion of the particles in the chamber. This is impossible for standard AM powder deposition systems, which rely on gravitation to spread the powder. Also in this case, an innovative approach has been implemented to face this technological challenge. The application of a gas flow through a powder has a very strong effect on its flowability, by generating a force on each particle, which is following the gas flow field. This principle can be applied in a simple setup such as the one shown in Figure 2. In this setup, the gas flow causes an average pressure on the powder bed in direction of the arrows, generating a stabilizing effect which acts in the same direction of the gravitational force. This effect can be used in addition to normal gravity on Earth to achieve a better stabilization of 3D printed parts in the powder bed. In this case, even a significant increase of packing density of the powder was measured, compared to the same experimental setup without gas flow. This is due to the fact that the force on each single particle follows the gas flow field, which is guiding the particles to settle between the pores of the powder bed, thus achieving an efficient packing. The same principle can be applied in absence of gravitation, where the gas flow acts to stabilize the powder layers. It has been shown that ceramic powder could be deposited in layers and laser sintered in µ-gravity conditions during a DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt) campaign of parabolic flights, as shown in Figure 2. A follow-up campaign is dedicated to the deposition of metallic (stainless steel) powder in inert atmosphere and to study the effects of laser melting in µ-gravity. In conclusion, the description of these two example cases shows how the development of novel technological processes can address some of the limitations of standard powder-based AM, in order to enable the use of new materials, such as technical ceramics, or to tackle the challenges of AM in space. T2 - WMRIF 2018 Early Career Scientist Summit CY - London, NPL, UK DA - 18.06.2018 KW - 3D-printing KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Powder KW - SLM PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46338 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Layerwise Slurry Deposition for the Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics N2 - Powder bed -based technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. "Selective laser sintering/melting" (SLS/SLM) and "binder jetting 3D printing" (3DP) especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of SLS/SLM and 3DP technologies for advanced ceramic materials. LSD consists in the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade. Each layer is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer, which can be used for SLM or for 3DP. This technique offers high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size, and is capable of producing parts with physical and mechanical properties comparable to traditionally shaped parts. In this presentation, the LSD technique will be introduced and several examples of application to porcelain, SiC and alumina products will be reported. T2 - CIMTEC - International Ceramics Congress CY - Perugia, Italy DA - 04.06.2018 KW - Ceramic KW - Additive Manufacturing PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Materials N2 - Powder bed -based technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. "Selective laser sintering/melting" (SLS/SLM) and "binder jetting 3D printing" (3DP) especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of SLS/SLM and 3DP technologies for advanced ceramic materials. LSD consists in the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade. Each layer is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer, which can be used for SLM or for 3DP. This technique offers high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size, and is capable of producing parts with physical and mechanical properties comparable to traditionally shaped parts. In this presentation, the LSD technique will be introduced and several examples of application to porcelain, SiC and alumina products will be reported. T2 - First Sino-German Workshop on 3D Printing in Space CY - Beijin, China DA - 20.02.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramic KW - Layerwise PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47868 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Layerwise Slurry Deposition for the Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics N2 - In powder bed Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, a part is produced by depositing and piling up thin powder layers. In each layer, the cross section of the object to build is defined by locally consolidating the powder, by sintering/melting the material (powder bed fusion technologies) or by ink jetting a binder (binder jetting technologies). These are already leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. The application of these techniques to most ceramics has been challenging so far, because of the challenges related to the deposition of homogeneous powder layers when using fine powders. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of SLS/SLM and 3DP technologies for advanced ceramic materials. LSD consists in the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade. Each layer is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer. The LSD offers high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size, and enables the production of parts with physical and mechanical properties comparable to pressed or slip-casted parts. In this presentation, the LSD technique will be introduced and several examples of application to porcelain, SiC and alumina products will be reported. T2 - ICACC 2019 - 43rd International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY - Daytona Beach, FL, USA DA - 27.01.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramic KW - Layerwise KW - Slurry PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47865 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brandić Lipińska, M. A1 - Davenport, R. A1 - Imhof, A. B. A1 - Waclavicek, R. A1 - Fateri, M. A1 - Meyer, Lena A1 - Gines-Palomares, J. C. A1 - Zocca, Andrea A1 - Makaya, A. A1 - Günster, Jens T1 - PAVER - Contextualizing laser sintering within a lunar technology roadmap N2 - The Global Exploration Strategy of the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) describes a timeframe of 2020 and beyond with the ultimate aim to establish a human presence on Mars towards the 2040ies. The next steps lie on the Moon with a focus on the coming 10 years. Early lunar surface missions will establish a capability in support of lunar science and prepare and test mission operations for subsequent human exploration of Mars and long-duration human activities on the Moon. Given the extreme costs involved in the shipping of material from Earth, a prerequisite for future human exploration is the manufacturing of elements directly on the Moon’s surface. Unlike the equipment, which at the beginning will have to be brought from Earth, raw materials and energy could be available following the concept of In-Situ Resource Utilization. The ESA OSIP PAVING THE ROAD (PAVER) study investigates the use of a laser to sinter regolith into paving elements for use as roadways and launch pads thus mitigating dust issues for transport and exploration vehicles. The ESA-funded study examines the potential of using a laser (12 kW CO2 laser with spot beam up to 100 mm) for layer sintering of lunar and martian regolith powders to manufacture larger 3D elements and provide know-how for the automatic manufacture of paving elements in the lunar environment. The project contributes to the first step toward the establishment of a lunar base and will lead to the construction of equipment capable of paving areas and manufacturing 3D structures. PAVER project sets the starting point for an examination of the larger context of lunar exploration. Mission scenarios will look at different phases of lunar exploration: Robotic Lunar Exploration, Survivability, Sustainability, and Operational Phase. A proposed Technology Roadmap investigates the mission scenario and analyses how, and to which extent, laser melting/sintering will play a role in the various phases of exploration. The paper contextualizes laser sintering within selected mission scenarios and discusses the different kinds of infrastructure that can be produced at each phase of the mission. The outcome of the study includes the detailing of the TRL steps in the project and an outline of a timeline for the different elements. Covered aspects include terrain modelling such as operation pads, roadways, or towers, non-pressurized building structures to protect machinery, and habitat envelopes, to protect and shield humans against dust, micrometeoroids, and radiation. T2 - 73rd International Astronautical Congress (IAC) CY - Paris, France DA - 18.09.2022 KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Solar sintering KW - ISRU KW - Infrastructure KW - Lunar habitat KW - Paving PY - 2022 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-56519 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Layerwise slurry deposition of technical ceramics for additive manufacturing N2 - The layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) is an innovative process for the deposition of layers in AM. In the LSD, a slurry with no or low organic content is repetitively spread as thin layers on each other by means of a doctor blade. During the deposition, the ceramic particles settle to form thin layers with a high packing density (55-60%). The LSD therefore shares aspects both of tape casting and slip casting. The LSD differentiates from the classical powder-based AM layer deposition, which typically are able to achieve only a low packing density (35-50%), consequently hindering the ability of sintering ceramic parts to full density. The LSD is coupled with the principles of selective laser sintering (SLS) or binder printing, to generate novel processes which take advantage of the possibility of achieving a highly dense powder-bed. This presentation will describe the most recent developments in the application of the LSD to technical ceramics, in particular Al2O3 and SiC, discussing potential and issues connected to the layer deposition and the selective laser sintering of such layers. T2 - Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft Jahrestagung 2016 CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 7.03.2016 KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - 3D printing KW - Additive manufacturing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37465 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - LSD-3D printing: a novel technology for the Additive Manufacturing of ceramics N2 - The layer-wise slurry deposition (LSD) is an innovative process for the deposition of powder layers with a high packing density for Additive Manufacturing (AM). A slurry with small organic content is repetitively spread as thin layers on top of each other by means of a doctor blade. During the deposition, the ceramic particles settle to form thin layers with a high packing density (55-60%). Each layer is then dried, resulting in the stacking of a dry powder bed with high powder packing. When coupled with a printing head or with a laser source, the LSD enables novel AM technologies inspired to the 3D printing or selective laser sintering, but taking advantage of having a highly dense powder bed. The LSD -3D printing, in particular, offers the potential of producing large (> 100 mm) and high quality ceramic parts, with microstructure and properties similar to traditional processing. This presentation will give an overview of the milestones in the development of this technology, with focus on the latest results applied both to silicate and to technical ceramics. T2 - 15th Conference & Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society (ECerS2017) CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 09.07.2017 KW - Layerwise Slurry Deposition KW - Ceramics KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - 3D Printing PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-44171 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - A comparison of layerwise slurry deposition and (LSD-print) laser induced slip casting (LIS) for the additive manufacturing of advanced ceramics N2 - The presentation gives an overview of two slurry-based additive manufacturing (AM) technologies specifically developed for advanced ceramic materials. The “Layerwise Slurry Deposition” (LSD-print) is a modification of Binder Jetting making use of a ceramic slurry instead of a dry powder as a feedstock. In this process, a slurry is deposited layer-by-layer by means of a doctor blade and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer, which is then printed by jetting a binder. The LSD-print technology combines the high-speed printing of binder jetting with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to those achieved by traditional processing. The Laser Induced Slip casting (LIS) technology follows a novel working principle by locally drying and selectively consolidating layer-by-layer a ceramic green body in a vat of slurry, using a laser as energy source. LIS combines elements of Vat Photopolymerization with the use of water-based feedstocks containing a minimal amount of organic additives. The resulting technology can be directly integrated into a traditional ceramic process chain by manufacturing green bodies that are sintered without the need of a dedicated debinding. Both technologies offer high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size. Advantages and disadvantages are briefly described to outline the specific features of LSD-print and LIS depending on the targeted application. T2 - AM Ceramics CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 27.09.2023 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Dental KW - Ceramics KW - Feldspar PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58468 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - LSD-print: a 10-years journey of an additive manufacturing technology from porcelain to technical ceramics N2 - Motivated by the aim of developing an additive manufacturing (AM) technology easily integrated in the process chains of the ceramic industry, the LSD-print technology was conceived as a slurry-based variation of binder jetting (BJ). BJ and other powder bed technologies (such as powder bed fusion) are amongst the most successful AM techniques, especially for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. The possibility to use commercially available feedstocks (in the form of powders or granules) makes BJ also attractive for ceramic materials. The application of these techniques to most advanced ceramics has however been difficult so far, because of the limitations in depositing homogeneous layers with fine, typically poorly flowable powders. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) was proposed at TU Clausthal (Germany) as a slurry-based deposition of ceramic layers by means of a doctor blade. Combined with layer-by-layer laser sintering of the material, the LSD process was originally demonstrated for the rapid prototyping of silicate ceramics. Due to the difficulties in controlling the microstructure and the defect formation in laser-sintered technical ceramics, the LSD process was later combined with inkjet printing in the LSD-print technology, which has been further developed at BAM (Germany) in the past decade. The LSD-print technology combines the high speed of inkjet printing, typical of BJ, with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to those achieved by traditional processing. Due to the mechanical stability of the powder bed, the process can also be carried out with continuous layer deposition on a rotating platform, which further increases its productivity. This presentation will delve into 10 years of research on the LSD-print of a wide variety of technical ceramics including alumina, silicon carbides and dental ceramics. The discussion highlights how a seemingly small process and feedstock modification (from powders to slurries) has great influence on the challenges and potential of this process, which are being addressed on its path to industrialization. T2 - young Ceramists Additive Manufacturing Forum (yCAM) 2024 CY - Tampere, Finland DA - 06.05.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramic KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - Slurry KW - LSD-print PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60056 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Additive Manufacturing of Silicon Carbide by LSD-print N2 - The layerwise slurry deposition (LSD) has been established in the recent years as a method for the deposition of ceramic powder layers. The LSD consists in the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade; each layer is sequentially deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer. The combination of binder jetting and LSD was introduced as a novel technology named LSD-print. The LSD-print takes advantage of the speed of binder jetting to print large areas, parallel to the flexibility of the LSD, which allows the deposition of highly packed powder layers with a variety of ceramic materials. The working principle and history of the LSD technology will be shortly discussed. A theoretical background will be also discussed, highlighting advantages and drawbacks of the LSD compared to the deposition of a dry powder. The last part of the talk will be dedicated to highlight recent results on the LSD-print of SiSiC of geometrically complex components, in collaboration between BAM and HC Starck Ceramics GmbH. Density, microstructure and mechanical properties of LSD-printed and isostatic pressed samples will be discussed and compared. T2 - XVI ECerS CONFERENCE CY - Torino, Italy DA - 16.06.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Silicon Carbide KW - 3D printing KW - Layerwise Slurry Deposition PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49220 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Advanced ceramics by powder bed 3D printing N2 - Powder bed -based technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. "Selective laser sintering/melting" (SLS/SLM) and "binder jetting 3D printing" (3DP) especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. However, the flowability of the powder used in these processes is essential to achieve defect-free and densely packed powder layers. For standard powder bed AM technologies, this limits the use of many raw materials which are too fine or too cohesive. This presentation will discuss the possibilities to either optimize the powder raw material to adapt it to the specific AM process, or to develop novel AM technologies which are able to process powders in a wider range of conditions. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of very fine ceramic particles. T2 - Smart Made CY - Osaka, Japan DA - 01.09.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramic KW - Powder KW - Layerwise slurry deposition KW - 3D printing PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49221 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Water-based additive manufacturing of ceramics by Laser-Induced Slip Casting (LIS) N2 - The Laser-Induced Slip Casting is an additive manufacturing technology specifically developed for ceramic materials using water-based ceramic slurries. The process takes place layer-by-layer in a similar fashion as top-down vat photopolymerization, selectively consolidating each layer by means of a laser energy source positioned on the top. Contrary to vat photopolymerization, in which the consolidation is achieved by selectively cross-linking a ceramic-filled resin, LIS uses water-based slurries with a low amount of organic additives (typically < 5 wt%) as feedstocks. In LIS, a green body is formed by local evaporation of water which causes the suspension to collapse forming a cast, following a mechanism similar to slip casting. Only a small content of organic additives is needed to effectively disperse the ceramic particles and to increase the green strength. The technology is very versatile and can be applied to all ceramic systems that can be dispersed in water. One of the main advantages is that even dark materials such as silicon carbide can be processed without issues related to light scattering and absorption. The presentation will discuss strengths and limitations of LIS compared to other AM technologies and will highlight the latest results for alumina and for silicon carbide ceramics. T2 - 48th International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC2024) CY - Daytona, FL, USA DA - 28.01.2024 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Ceramic KW - Water-based KW - Slurry KW - Laser PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60054 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - An overview of ceramic AM with focus on bioceramics and powder bed technologies N2 - The presentation will start with an overview of ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and will discuss the potential of AM in the field of bioceramics. The presentation will then focus on two possible use cases of binder jetting technologies. In the first example, standard powder-based binder jetting is used to manufacture a porous implant design for large scale bone defects. The related challenges in the process chain will be discussed, from powder synthesis to sintering and characterization of the printed part. In the second example, the LSD-print slurry-based binder jetting technology is presented as a possibility to adapt powder-bed AM to produce dense ceramic parts. The use case will focus on an application in the field of dental ceramics, specifically for the manufacturing of patient individualized single tooth restorations (veneers, crowns) with a high throughput process chain. T2 - BioCAM - Additive Manufacturing Applied to Bioceramics CY - Mons, Belgium DA - 06.12.2023 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Bioceramic KW - Binder Jetting PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-60053 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zocca, Andrea T1 - Advanced ceramics by powder bed 3D printing N2 - Powder bed -based technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. "Selective laser sintering/melting" (SLS/SLM) and "binder jetting 3D printing" (3DP) especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. However, the flowability of the powder used in these processes is essential to achieve defect-free and densely packed powder layers. For standard powder bed AM technologies, this limits the use of many raw materials which are too fine or too cohesive. This presentation will discuss the possibilities to either optimize the powder raw material to adapt it to the specific AM process, or to develop novel AM technologies which are able to process powders in a wider range of conditions. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of very fine ceramic particles. Another technology, the Gas Flow Assisted Powder Deposition, can increase the stability of the powder bed and the packing density, even in extreme conditions such as in absence of gravitational forces. T2 - yCAM 2019 - young Ceramists Additive Manufacturing Forum CY - Mons, Belgium DA - 03.04.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Flowability KW - Ceramic KW - Powder PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -