TY - JOUR A1 - Kratz, S. A1 - Beerbaum, B. A1 - Elsner, H. A1 - Reuvers, J. A1 - Dockhorn, T. A1 - Rechberger, H. A1 - Werner, W. A1 - Knudsen, L. A1 - Flachowsky, G. A1 - Rodehutscord, M. A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Steingrobe, B. A1 - Schick, J. A1 - Albert, E. A1 - Leinweber, P. A1 - Ekardt, F. A1 - Embert, G. T1 - Ressourcen schonender Einsatz von Phosphor in der Landwirtschaft - Symposium des Institutes für Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde des JKI in Braunschweig - eine Synopse KW - Klärschlamm KW - Phosphor KW - Ressource KW - Klärschlammasche KW - P-Düngemittel KW - Demonstrationsanlage PY - 2009 SN - 1867-0911 SN - 1867-0938 SN - 1865-4371 VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 69 EP - 71 PB - Ulmer CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-18928 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rades, Steffi A1 - Kraemer, S. A1 - Seshadri, R. A1 - Albert, B. T1 - Size and crystallinity dependence of magnetism in nanoscale iron boride, alpha-FeB N2 - A nanoscale boride, α-FeB, with grains of variable size and crystallinity was synthesized by precipitation from solution followed by heat treatment (450 °C, 550 °C, 750 °C, 1050 °C). Analysis of transmission electron micrographs, electron diffraction, and magnetic measurements suggests superparamagnetism at room temperature for the smaller, more disordered particles of FeB, while the larger, more crystalline particles of α-FeB, with a particle size of approximately 20 nm, display open magnetic hysteresis loops and blocking. In contrast to the soft ferromagnetism of bulk β-FeB, which was synthesized by conventional solid state reaction at 1500 °C, the sample of α-FeB annealed at 1050 °C is a harder ferromagnet, possibly due to stacking faults that pin the magnetic domains; these stacking faults are apparent in the high resolution transmission electron micrographs. The changes in magnetic behavior are visible from the varying blocking temperatures (63 K, 94 K, 150 K, and >320 K from the smallest to the largest particles) and correlate with the transformations from amorphous to α-FeB and from α-FeB to β-FeB. KW - Iron KW - Boride KW - Nano KW - Magnetism KW - Electron microscopy PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/cm403167a SN - 0897-4756 SN - 1520-5002 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 1549 EP - 1552 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-30288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, Maxi B. A1 - Böhmert, Linda A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Loeschner, Katrin A1 - Givelet, Lucas A1 - Fahrenson, Christoph A1 - Braeuning, Albert A1 - Sieg, Holger T1 - Influence of artificial digestion on characteristics and intestinal cellular effects of micro-, submicro- and nanoplastics N2 - The production of plastics is rising since they have been invented. Micro, submicro- and nanoplastics are produced intentionally or generated by environmental processes, and constitute ubiquitous contaminants which are ingested orally by consumers. Reported health concerns include intestinal translocation, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Every digestive milieu in the gastrointestinal tract does have an influence on the properties of particles and can cause changes in their effect on biological systems. In this study, we subjected plastic particles of different materials (polylactic acid, polymethylmethacrylate, melamine formaldehyde) and sizes (micro- to nano-range) to a complex artificial digestion model consisting of three intestinal fluid simulants (saliva, gastric and intestinal juice). We monitored the impact of the digestion process on the particles by performing Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. An in vitro model of the intestinal epithelial barrier was used to monitor cellular effects and translocation behavior of (un)digested particles. In conclusion, artificial digestion decreased cellular interaction and slightly increased transport of all particles across the intestinal barrier. The interaction with organic matter resulted in clear differences in the agglomeration behavior. Moreover, we provide evidence for polymer-, size- and surface-dependent cellular effects of the test particles. KW - Toxicology KW - Nanoparticles KW - Dynamic Light Scattering KW - Nanoplastics KW - Microplastics KW - Reference Method KW - Reference Material PY - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-593947 VL - 184 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier BV AN - OPUS4-59394 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, Maxi B. A1 - Böhmert, Linda A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Loeschner, Katrin A1 - Givelet, Lucas A1 - Fahrenson, Christoph A1 - Braeuning, Albert A1 - Sieg, Holger T1 - Influence of artificial digestion on characteristics and intestinal cellular effects of micro-, submicro- and nanoplastics N2 - The production of plastics is rising since they have been invented. Micro, submicro- and nanoplastics are produced intentionally or generated by environmental processes, and constitute ubiquitous contaminants which are ingested orally by consumers. Reported health concerns include intestinal translocation, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Every digestive milieu in the gastrointestinal tract does have an influence on the properties of particles and can cause changes in their effect on biological systems. In this study, we subjected plastic particles of different materials (polylactic acid, polymethylmethacrylate, melamine formaldehyde) and sizes (micro- to nano-range) to a complex artificial digestion model consisting of three intestinal fluid simulants (saliva, gastric and intestinal juice). We monitored the impact of the digestion process on the particles by performing Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. An in vitro model of the intestinal epithelial barrier was used to monitor cellular effects and translocation behavior of (un)digested particles. In conclusion, artificial digestion decreased cellular interaction and slightly increased transport of all particles across the intestinal barrier. The interaction with organic matter resulted in clear differences in the agglomeration behavior. Moreover, we provide evidence for polymer-, size- and surface-dependent cellular effects of the test particles. KW - Toxicology KW - General Medicine KW - Food Science KW - Nanoplastics KW - Nanoparticle KW - Dynamic Light Scattering KW - DLS PY - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2023.114423 VL - 184 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-59298 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -