TY - CONF A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe T1 - Using the EN584-1 film characterization in radiographic modelling T2 - DIR 2007 - International Symposium on Digital industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography CY - Lyon, France DA - 2007-06-25 KW - Radiography KW - Simulation KW - Film PY - 2007 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dir2007/papers/s3.pdf IS - (Poster S3) SP - 1 EP - 4 CY - Lyon, France AN - OPUS4-16070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Guerin, P. ED - Chimenti, D.E. ED - Bond, L.J. ED - Thompson, D.O. T1 - A proposed benchmark for simulation in radiographic testing N2 - The purpose of this benchmark study is to compare simulation results predicted by various models of radiographic testing, in particular those that are capable of separately predicting primary and scatter radiation for specimens of arbitrary geometry. T2 - 40th Annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation CY - Baltimore, Maryland, USA DA - 21.07.2013 KW - Benchmark KW - Simulation KW - Radiographic testing PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-7354-1212-5 SN - 978-0-7354-1211-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4865082 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1581 SP - 2101 EP - 2106 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-30756 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Tabary, J. A1 - Duvauchelle, P. ED - Thompson, D. O. ED - Chimenti, D. E. T1 - A proposed benchmark problem for scatter calculations in radiographic modelling T2 - 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Chicago, IL, USA DA - 2008-07-20 KW - Radiography KW - Justifications or modifications of Monte Carlo methods KW - Emission KW - Absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation KW - X-ray scattering KW - Radiographie KW - Simulation KW - Benchmark KW - Monte Carlo Verfahren KW - Streustrahlung PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-7354-0629-2 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings IS - 1096 SP - 1930 EP - 1937 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-20134 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Tabary, J. A1 - Duvauchelle, P. ED - Thompson, D.O. ED - Chimenti, D.E. T1 - Radiographic benchmark problem 2009 - scatter calculations in modelling T2 - 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Kingston, RI, USA DA - 2009-07-26 KW - Radiography KW - Justifications or modifications of Monte Carlo methods KW - Emission KW - Absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation KW - X-ray scattering KW - Simulation KW - Röntgenspektrum Benchmark KW - Monte Carlo Modell PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-7354-0748-0 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1211 SP - 2117 EP - 2124 CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-21137 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe ED - Michel Bièth, ED - John Whittle, T1 - The EN584 standard for the classification of industrial radiography films and its use in radiographic modelling T2 - 6th International Conference on NDE in Relation to Structural Integrity for Nuclear and Pressurised Components CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2007-10-08 KW - Radiographie KW - Filmsysteme für ZfP KW - Grenzen der Bildqualität KW - Modellierung PY - 2007 N1 - Serientitel: JRC Scientific and Technical Reports / EUR - Scientific and Technical Research series – Series title: JRC Scientific and Technical Reports / EUR - Scientific and Technical Research series IS - EUR 23356 EN- 2008 SP - 347 EP - 352 AN - OPUS4-19097 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Martin, E. A1 - Beaumont, M. A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Redmer, Bernhard T1 - A comparative study on the performance of digital detector systems for high energy applications N2 - For cast components reaching or exceeding total material thicknesses of 150mm, high energy sources such as linear accelerators or Betatrons are required in order to obtain reasonable exposure times. In this study, the performance of digital detector systems, involving imaging plates (IP) and digital detector arrays (DDA), was evaluated with respect to the testing class B requirements as formulated in the standard EN ISO 17636-2. As a reference, traditional radiographic film and a Cobalt-60 source was used. With film exposures, testing class B was achieved with Co-60 and Betatron (7.5 MV) at longer exposure times. The preliminary results show that the testing class B was not obtained with the examined digital detector arrays (DDA) and the high resolution imaging plates (IP) , even at 40, 60 and 80 minutes exposure time with a 7.5 MV Betatron. Class A was achieved using high resolution imaging plates with optimized metal filters between object and IPs and a high resolution DDA with intermediate Cu filters. Class A was also achieved applying a DDA with lower basic spatial resolution than required by Table B.13 of EN ISO 17636-2, but using the compensation principle as described in this standard. The next generation of digital detector arrays might potentially be able to obtain class B performance with the expected spatial resolution and sensitivity improvements. T2 - ECNDT 2014 - 11th European conference on non-destructive testing CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 06.10.2014 KW - Radiography KW - Image quality KW - Betatron KW - Digital detector array (DDA) KW - Casting KW - Standards KW - High energy radiography KW - Comparison of detectors KW - Steel weldment PY - 2014 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-323075 UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=16394 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 19 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-32307 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Wrobel, Norma A1 - Redmer, Bernhard A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - A comparative study on the performance of digital detector systems for high energy applications T2 - 11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2014-10-06 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-32192 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Lucet-Sanchez, F. A1 - Guerin, P. ED - Chimenti, D.E. ED - Bond, L.J. T1 - Radiography benchmark 2014 N2 - The purpose of the 2014 WFNDEC RT benchmark study was to compare predictions of various models of radiographic techniques, in particular those that predict the contribution of scattered radiation. All calculations were carried out for homogenous materials and a mono-energetic X-ray point source in the energy range between 100 keV and 10 MeV. The calculations were to include the best physics approach available considering electron binding effects. Secondary effects like X-ray fluorescence and bremsstrahlung production were to be taken into account if possible. The problem to be considered had two parts. Part I examined the spectrum and the spatial distribution of radiation behind a single iron plate. Part II considered two equally sized plates, made of iron and aluminum respectively, only evaluating the spatial distribution. Here we present the results of above benchmark study, comparing them to MCNP as the assumed reference model. The possible origins of the observed deviations are discussed. T2 - 41st Annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation CY - Boise, Idaho, USA DA - 20.07.2014 KW - Radiography KW - Spectrum KW - Modeling KW - Validation PY - 2015 SN - 978-0-7354-1292-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914809 N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1650 SP - 1834 EP - 1846 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-33083 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Duvauchelle, P. A1 - Kaftandjian, V. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Tabary, J. A1 - Mathy, F. A1 - Legoupil, S. ED - Büyüköztürk, O. T1 - Modelling of radiographic inspections N2 - Computer modelling of non-destructive testing methods has come a long way from the beginnings in the mid 90s to today. Radiographic modelling for components with higher wall thicknesses, as they are typical for nuclear applications, must include precise predictions of scattered radiation and its impact in terms of contrast reduction. Dedicated or general purpose Monte Carlo methods with the ability to calculate higher order scattering events are the state of the art for these applications. Aerospace applications, on the other hand, have stronger requirements on the modelling code's capabilities to import complex CAD geometries, and can benefit from faster analytical scatter models, limited to first or second order scattering events. Similar distinctions can be made for the various approaches proposed to accurately model geometrical and film unsharpness, film granularity, film responses, film/foil cartridges and photon noise. This article presents a state-of-the-art review of radiographic modelling from the perspective of two important application domains with very different requirements, nuclear and aerospace. T2 - NDTMS-2011 CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 15.05.2011 KW - Computer modelling KW - Monte-Carlo KW - Radiography KW - Film KW - Selenium PY - 2013 SN - 978-94-007-0722-1 SN - 978-94-007-0723-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_99 VL - 6 SP - 697 EP - 702 PB - Springer Netherlands AN - OPUS4-36655 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckel, S. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Huthwaite, P. A1 - Paul, N. A1 - Schumm, A. T1 - Radiographic film system classification and noise characterisation by a camera-based digitisation procedure N2 - Extracting statistical characteristics from radiographic films is vital for film system classification and contrast sensitivity evaluation and serves as a basis for film noise simulation. A new method for digitising radiographic films in order to extract these characteristics is presented. The method consists of a camera-based setup and image processing procedure to digitise films. Correct optical density values and granularity can be extracted from the digitised images, which are equal to results obtained by standardised measurement procedures. Specific statistical characteristics of film noise are theoretically derived and subsequently verified by the obtained data, including characteristics such as Gaussianity and spatial spectral characteristics of the optical density fluctuations. It is shown that the presented method correctly measures the granularity of film noise and can therefore replace time-consuming microdensitometer measurements traditionally required for film system classifications. Additionally, the inherent unsharpness of film systems was investigated and compared with literature data. This comparison serves as another validation approach of the presented method. KW - Radiography KW - Image processing KW - Film noise KW - Film system classification KW - Digitisation PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2020.102241 SN - 0963-8695 VL - 111 IS - 4 SP - 102241 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckel, S. A1 - Huthwaite, P. A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Paul, N. T1 - Realistic film noise generation based on experimental noise spectra N2 - Generating 2D noise with local, space-varying spectral characteristics is vital where random noise fields with spatially heterogeneous statistical properties are observed and need to be simulated. A realistic, non-stationary noise generator relying on experimental data is presented. That generator is desired in areas such as photography and radiography. For example, before performing actual X-ray imaging in practice, output images are simulated to assess and improve setups. For that purpose, realistic film noise modelling is crucial because noise downgrades the detectability of visual signals. The presented film noise synthesiser improves the realism and value of radiographic simulations significantly, allowing more realistic assessments of radiographic test setups. The method respects space-varying spectral characteristics and probability distributions, locally simulating noise with realistic granularity and contrast. The benefits of this approach are to respect the correlation between noise and image as well as internal correlation, the fast generation of any number of unique noise samples, the exploitation of real experimental data, and its statistical non-stationarity. The combination of these benefits is not available in existing work. Validation of the new technique was undertaken in the field of industrial radiography. While applied to that field here, the technique is general and can also be utilised in any other field where the generation of 2D noise with local, space-varying statistical properties is necessary. KW - Nondestructive testing KW - Image quality KW - Noise simulation KW - Radiography PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2019.2955284 SN - 1057-7149 VL - 29 SP - 2987 EP - 2998 PB - IEEE Xplore CY - Washington, D.C. AN - OPUS4-50518 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -