TY - JOUR A1 - Schmalenberger, A. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Ojeda, J.J. A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Characterization of main sulfur source of wood-degrading basidiomycetes by S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) N2 - The main wood degraders in aerobic terrestrial ecosystems belong to the white- and brown-rot fungi, where their biomass can be created on wood decay only. However, total sulfur (S) concentration in wood is very low and only little is known about the different sulfur compounds in wood today. Sulfur-starved brown-rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Oligoporus placenta were incubated on sterilized pine wood blocks whereas Lentinus cyathiformis and the white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor were incubated on sterilized beech wood blocks. After 19 weeks of incubation, the S oxidation status was analyzed in wood, in degraded wood, and in biomass of wood-degrading fungi by synchrotron based S K-edge XANES, and total S and sulfate were quantified. Total sulfur and sulfate content in pine wood blocks were approximately 50 and 1 µg g-1, respectively, while in beech wood approximately 100 and 20 µg g-1 were found, respectively. Sulfur in beech was dominated by sulfate-esters. In contrast, pine wood also contained larger amounts of reduced S. Three out of four selected fungi caused a reduction of the S oxidation state in wood from oxidized S (sulfate-ester, sulfate) to intermediate S (sulfonate, sulfoxide) or reduced S (thiols, e.g., proteins, peptides, enzyme cofactors). Only O. placenta shifted thiol to sulfonate. Growth experiments of these fungi on selective minimal media showed that in particular cysteine (thiol), sulfonates, and sulfate enhanced total mycelium growth. Consequently, wood-degrading fungi were able to utilize a large variety of different wood S sources for growth but preferentially transformed in vivo sulfate-esters and thiol into biomass structures. KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Fungi KW - S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) KW - Sulfur oxidation status KW - Sulfate-esters PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.08.013 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 65 IS - 8 SP - 1215 EP - 1223 PB - Elsevier CY - Barking AN - OPUS4-27546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmalenberger, A. A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Soil age and plant host species shape desulfonating bacterial community structures in an alpine chronosequence T2 - 15. Molecular Microbial Ecology Group meeting 15 CY - Aberdeen, Scotland DA - 2009-07-29 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19721 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmalenberger, A. A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Shifts in desulfonating bacterial communities along a soil chronosequence in the forefield of a receding glacier N2 - Forefields of receding glaciers are unique and sensitive environments representing natural soil chronosequences, where sulfate availability is assumed to be a limiting factor. Bacterial mineralization of organosulfur is an important sulfate-providing process in soils. We analyzed the diversity of sulfonate-desulfurizing (desulfonating) bacteria in the Damma glacier forefield on the basis of the key gene asfA by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone libraries. The community structure and sequence diversity of desulfonating bacteria differed significantly between forefield soils deglaciated in the 1990s and the 1950s. Soil age had a strong effect on the desulfonating rhizosphere communities of Agrostis rupestris, but only a slight impact on the ones from Leucanthemopsis alpina. AsfA affiliated to Polaromonas sp. was predominantly found in the more recent ice-free soils and the corresponding rhizospheres of A. rupestris, while a group of unidentified sequences was found to be dominating the matured soils and the corresponding rhizospheres of A. rupestris. The desulfonating bacterial diversity was not affected by varying levels of sulfate concentrations. The level of asfA diversity in recently deglaciated soils suggests that desulfonating bacteria are a critical factor in sulfur cycling, with defined groups dominating at different stages of soil formation. KW - AsfA KW - Sulfonate desulfurization KW - T-RFLP KW - Soil chronosequence KW - Agrostis rupestris KW - Leucanthemopsis alpina PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00799.x SN - 0168-6496 SN - 1574-6941 VL - 71 IS - 2 SP - 208 EP - 217 PB - Blackwell Publishing CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-20753 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmalenberger, A. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Kertesz, M. A. T1 - The role of sulfonate desulfurizing Polaromonas sp. in sulfate limited soils T2 - 2nd Sulphyton meeting on plant sulphur research, University of East Anglia CY - Norwich, England DA - 2009-09-13 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19849 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmalenberger, A. A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Shifts in fungal and bactrerial communities in grassland turfs suggests that fungi enhance sulfonate desulfurization T2 - 13th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology CY - Seattle, WA, USA DA - 2010-08-22 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22930 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -