TY - JOUR A1 - Körner, W. A1 - Walker, G. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Woppowa, L. A1 - Gruber, L. A1 - Hansen, D. A1 - Haring, C. A1 - Hartmann, R. A1 - Heitmann, D. A1 - Karn, C. A1 - Uhde, E. A1 - Winkens, A. T1 - Messen von Phthalaten in der Innenraumluft mit GC/MS N2 - Im Rahmen der Richtlinienarbeit der Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft im VDI und DIN - Normenausschuss KRdL wurde ein Ringversuch zur Validierung des Analysenverfahrens für Phthalate in der Innenraumluft durchgeführt. Dabei wurden die beiden in der künftigen Richtlinie beschriebenen Analysenverfahren der Thermodesorption von Adsorptionsröhrchen sowie der Lösemittelextraktion von Florisilröhrchen mit jeweils anschließender Gaschromatographie und Massenspektrometrie (GC/MS) erprobt. Die Ergebnisse des Ringversuchs belegen die Vergleichbarkeit der beiden Verfahren. Auch die Richtigkeit der Ergebnisse im Rahmen einer akzeptablen Streuung sowie die Praktikabilität in der Praxis konnten bestätigt werden. Weiterhin wurden wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Minimierung der Blindwerte erarbeitet. KW - Emissionen KW - Richtlinie KW - Phthalate KW - Ringversuch PY - 2010 SN - 0949-8036 SN - 0039-0771 SN - 1436-4891 VL - 70 IS - 3 SP - 89 EP - 92 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-20998 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, A. A1 - Petrov, V. A1 - Buhl, J.-C. A1 - Rübner, Katrin A1 - Lindemann, Mathias A1 - Prinz, Carsten A1 - Zimathies, Annett T1 - Zeolite synthesis under insertion of silica rich filtration residues from industrial wastewater reconditioning N2 - Zeolite synthesis was studied using two silica rich filtration residues (FR 1 and FR 2) as Si-source and sodium aluminate in a direct synthesis at 60°C at strong alkaline conditions (8 M - 16 M NaOH). In addition to these one-pot syntheses, a two-step process was investigated. Here, an alkaline digestion of FR at 60°C was followed by gel precipitation with sodium aluminate and gel crystallization under usual conditions of 80°C - 90°C. The results show that the substitution of chemical reagent sodium silicate by a waste material like FR as Si-source is possible but requires fine tuning of the reaction conditions as zeolite crystallization is a process under kinetic control. The solubility behaviour and impurities of the inserted filtration residues strongly influenced the course of reaction. Thus zeolites like hydrosodalite or intermediate zeolite between cancrinite and sodalite, or zeolite NaA or Z-21 in cocrystallization with hydrosodalite could be observed in the one pot syntheses already in a short time interval between 1 - 4 h depending on the alkalinity. The two step process yield to zeolites NaA and NaX in very good quality. The reaction process of FR in both reaction methods was characterized by chemical analyses, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. Surface area and water content of selected products were further characterized by the BET-method and by thermogravimetry. Summing up the results, we can show that zeolite formation from filtration residues is possible by several reaction procedures as model cases for a re-use of industrial waste materials. Beside the importance for environmental protection, the reactions are of interest for zeolite chemistry as the re-use of FR is possible under economically conditions of low energy consumption at 60°C and short reaction periods. KW - Zeolites KW - Superalkaline Conditions KW - Filtration Residues KW - Re-Use of Industrial Waste KW - Reaction Kinetics KW - Silica Residue PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2014.42015 SN - 2160-0392 SN - 2160-0406 VL - 4 SP - 120 EP - 134 PB - Scientific research publishing CY - Irvine, Calif., USA AN - OPUS4-31840 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hartmann, S. A1 - Shaporin, A. A1 - Hermann, S. A1 - Bonitz, J. A1 - Heggen, M. A1 - Meszmer, P. A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Hölck, O. A1 - Blaudeck, T. A1 - Schulz, S. E. A1 - Mehner, J. A1 - Gessner, T. A1 - Wunderle, B. T1 - Towards nanoreliability of CNT-based sensor applications: Investigations of CNT-metal interfaces combining molecular dynamics simulations, advanced in situ experiments and analytics N2 - In this paper we present results of our recent efforts to understand the mechanical interface behaviour of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in metal matrices. We conducted experimental pull-out tests of CNTs embedded in Pd or Au and found Maximum forces in the range 10 - 102 nN. These values are in good agreement with forces obtained from molecular Dynamics simulations taking into account surface functional Groups (SFGs) covalently linked to the CNT material. The dominant failure mode in experiment is a CNT rupture, which can be explained with the presence of SFGs. To qualify the existence of SFGs on our used CNT material, we pursue investigations by means of fluorescence labeling of surface species in combination with Raman imaging. We also report of a tensile test system to perform pull-out tests inside a transmission electron microscope to obtain in situ images of CNT-metal interfaces under mechanical loads at the atomic scale. T2 - 2015 16th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 20.4.2015 KW - Carbon nanotube CNT KW - Metal matrix KW - Pull-out test KW - Molecular dynamics simulation KW - Surface functional groups KW - Fluorescence labeling KW - Raman imaging KW - Tensile test inside a TEM PY - 2015 SN - 978-1-4799-9950-7 VL - 2015 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-37625 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Heinemann, M. A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Hartmann, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Fritz, H.-G. ED - Fritz, H. ED - Eisenbach, C. T1 - Charakterisierung biologisch abbaubarer Homo- und Copolyester / Characterisation of biodegradable Homo- and Copolyesters T2 - 19. Stuttgarter Kunststoff-Kolloquium 2005 CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 2005-03-09 KW - MALDI-TOF-MS KW - Bioabbaubare Polyester KW - Flüssigchromatographie KW - Methodenkopplung KW - Biodegradable polyesters KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Coupling of analytical methods PY - 2005 SN - 3-00-015246-6 SP - 5/P1-1 - 5/P1-9 PB - IKT CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-11767 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -