TY - JOUR A1 - Hellemans, S. A1 - Rocha, M. M. A1 - Wang, M. A1 - Romero Arias, J. A1 - Aanen, D. K. A1 - Bagnères, A.-G. A1 - Buček, A. A1 - Carrijo, T. F. A1 - Chouvenc, T. A1 - Cuezzo, C. A1 - Constantini, J. P. A1 - Constantino, R. A1 - Dedeine, F. A1 - Deligne, J. A1 - Eggleton, P. A1 - Evans, T. A. A1 - Hanus, R. A1 - Harrison, Mark C. A1 - Harry, M. A1 - Josens, G. A1 - Jouault, C. A1 - Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M. A1 - Kaymak, E. A1 - Korb, J. A1 - Lee, C.-Y. A1 - Legendre, F. A1 - Li, H.-F. A1 - Lo, N. A1 - Lu, T. A1 - Matsuura, K. A1 - Maekawa, K. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Mizumoto, N. A1 - Oliveira, D. E. A1 - Poulsen, M. A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D. A1 - Su, N.-Y. A1 - Tokuda, G. A1 - Vargo, E. L. A1 - Ware, J. L. A1 - Šobotník, J. A1 - Scheffrahn, R. H. A1 - Cancello, E. A1 - Roisin, Y. A1 - Engel, M. S. A1 - Bourguignon, T. T1 - Genomic data provide insights into the classification of extant termites N2 - The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa. Here, we produce an updated termite classification using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstruct phylogenies under diverse substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed as concatenated matrices or within the multi-species coalescence framework. Our classification is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci and taxa, and topological tests. We show that the Neoisoptera are composed of seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including the Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, and Termitogetonidae Holmgren, raised from subfamilial rank. The species-rich Termitidae are composed of 18 subfamily-level monophyletic lineages, including the new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, and Promirotermitinae; and the revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Holmgren, and Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building an updated taxonomic classification on the foundation of unambiguously supported monophyletic lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused by the future availability of novel phylogenetic markers and methods. The taxonomic stability is further guaranteed by the modularity of the new termite classification, designed to accommodate as-yet undescribed species with uncertain affinities to the herein delimited monophyletic lineages in the form of new families or subfamilies. KW - Termite KW - Taxonomy KW - Evolution PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608276 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51028-y VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-60827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Krebber, Katerina T1 - Suppression of Rayleigh fading induced errors in φOTDR by different pulse widths for improving the reliability of civil infrastructure monitoring N2 - Rayleigh fading is a widely observed phenomenon in the many fields, such as wireless communication and optical imaging. It is also the main factor limiting the performance of the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (φOTDR). The low SNR at the fading points results in a large measurement error, severely affecting the reliability of civil infrastructure monitoring. The proposed method involves changing the pulse width during measurements to suppress the impact of fading. Experimental result shows that the number of fading points is greatly reduced by ∼ 96 % and the measurement error is reduced by more than 5 times. Unlike existing methods, this approach requires no hardware modifications, making it applicable to almost all current phase-based φOTDR systems. The versatility and effectiveness of this method make it an excellent candidate for infrastructure monitoring and related fields. KW - Distributed fiber sensing KW - Optical fiber sensing KW - Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry KW - Infrastructure monitoring KW - Rayleigh fading PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-614208 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111927 SN - 1879-2545 VL - 181 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-61420 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, A1 - Zheng, A1 - Zhang, A1 - Lu, A1 - Wang, A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Sand, W. T1 - Long Term Temperature and Humidity Evolution Forecast in Near Field of Nuclear Waste Container N2 - The paper aims to simulate the corrosion environment of nuclear waste containers at different geological disposal periods to obtain temperature and humidity information at the interface between the container and the surrounding environment. The simulated data and calculation results of long term temperature evolution at the surface of nuclear waste (HLW) containers from some typical nuclear countries about the safety disposition were reviewed. Combining different burial patterns, this paper speculated the long term temperature evolution rule for China. According to the study about saturation variation of buffer/backfill material at home and abroad, the humidity evolution of bentonite at the surface of HLW containers was specu- lated. The study showed that the temperature of the container surface increased rapidly at the beginning, and gradually decreased after the climax. For safety reasons, the maximum temperature was designed below 100°C. The saturation of bentonite was af- fected by the mutual influences of the heat released by nuclear waste decay and the infiltration of groundwater. It was dominated by the released heat in the early stage, and later was influenced greatly by the infiltration of groundwater. It is generally believed that the water content at the surface of the container will increase obviously in about 3 years, and will be saturated in about 10 years. The prediction of long-term temperature and humidity evolution will lay a foundation for study of corrosion evolution of nuclear waste containers in China. KW - Corrosion evolution KW - Nuclear waste KW - Disposal repository KW - Temperature and humidity PY - 2018 SN - 1672-9242 VL - 15 IS - 10 SP - 109 EP - 113 PB - Zhongguo Bingqi Gongye di-wujiu Yanjiusuo CY - Chongqing AN - OPUS4-46953 LA - zho AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, Y.-L. A1 - Zheng, A1 - Zhang, A1 - Lu, A1 - Wang, A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Sand, W. T1 - Forecast on Long Term Chemical Environment Evolution on Surface of Nuclear Waste Container N2 - Surface environment changes of nuclear waste container, mainly including oxygen contents, buffer pore water components and pH under the conditions of “borehole” type and “In-floor” type with bentonite buffer/backfill and concrete buffer were summarized. This summarization provides a basic corrosion environment reference for the corrosion evolution re- search of high-level radioactive waste disposal repository in our country. KW - Corrosion evolution KW - Nuclear waste KW - Disposal repository KW - Corrosion environment PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2018.10.017 SN - 1672-9242 VL - 15 IS - 10 SP - 103 EP - 108 PB - Zhongguo Bingqi Gongye di-wujiu Yanjiusuo CY - Chongqing AN - OPUS4-46952 LA - zho AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christensen, J. B. A1 - Jørgensen, A. A. A1 - Vandborg, M. H. A1 - Thomas, P. J. A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Failleau, G. A1 - Eisermann, R. A1 - Grüner-Nielsen, L. A1 - Balslev-Harder, D. A1 - Lassen, M. A1 - Krenek, S. T1 - Fiber-artefact methodology and calibration framework for Brillouin-based fiber sensing N2 - We propose, and demonstrate, the use of a fiber-optical measurement artefact as a metrological tool for traceable distance calibration of distributed optical fiber sensors. The constructed fiber artefact consists of a lead-in fiber coupled to a fiber loop using a 3-dB coupler and is used to calibrate both a home-build Brillouin-OTDR setup and a custom version of a commercial Brillouin-OTDR interrogator build for distributed temperature sensing. For both interrogators, we demonstrate distance calibrations with 1-meter uncertainty (k=1) in the offset length and 0.1 % (1 m/km) uncertainty (k = 1) in the distance scale factor. In addition, it is shown that the fiber artefact can be used to assess undesired distance-dependent measurement biases. KW - Distributed temperature sensing KW - Metrology KW - Distributed optical fiber sensing KW - Brillouin optical time-domain reflectrometry PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-618853 DO - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.544659 SN - 1094-4087 VL - 32 IS - 26 SP - 45483 EP - 45493 PB - Optica Publishing Group AN - OPUS4-61885 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Hicke, Konstantin A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph T1 - Distributed Humidity Sensing in Concrete Based on Polymer Optical Fiber N2 - We present a preliminary investigation on distributed humidity monitoring during the drying process of concrete based on an embedded polymer optical fiber (POF). The water dissipated into the POF changes several properties of the fiber such as refractive index, scattering coefficient and attenuation factor, which eventually alters the Rayleigh backscattered light. The optical time Domain reflectometer (OTDR) technique is performed to acquire the backscattered signal at the wavelengths 650 nm and 500 nm, respectively. Experimental results show that the received signal increases at 650 nm while the fiber attenuation factor clearly increases at 500 nm, as the concrete dries out. In the hygroscopic range, the information retrieved from the signal change at 650 nm agrees well with the measurement result of the electrical humidity sensors also embedded in the concrete sample. KW - Distributed fiber optic sensing KW - Distributed humidity sensing KW - Polymer optical fibers KW - Concrete drying KW - Material moisture KW - Embedded humidity sensors PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537644 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213755 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 13 IS - 21 SP - 3755 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-53764 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qiu, Q. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Abraham, W.-R. A1 - Lu, Y. A1 - Conrad, R. T1 - Applying stable isotope probing of phospholipid fatty acids and rRNA in a Chinese rice field to study activity and composition of the methanotrophic bacterial communities in situ N2 - Methanotrophs in the rhizosphere play an important role in global climate change since they attenuate methane emission from rice field ecosystems into the atmosphere. Most of the CH4 is emitted via transport through the plant gas vascular system. We used this transport for stable isotope probing (SIP) of the methanotrophs in the rhizosphere under field conditions and pulse-labelled rice plants in a Chinese rice field with CH4 (99% 13C) for 7 days. The rate of 13CH4 loss rate during 13C application was comparable to the CH4 oxidation rate measured by the difluoromethane inhibition technique. The methanotrophic communities on the roots and in the rhizospheric soil were analyzed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), cloning and sequencing of the particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA) gene. Populations of type I methanotrophs were larger than those of type II. Both methane oxidation rates and composition of methanotrophic communities suggested that there was little difference between urea-fertilized and unfertilized fields. SIP of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA-SIP) and rRNA (RNA-SIP) were used to analyze the metabolically active methanotrophic community in rhizospheric soil. PLFA of type I compared with type II methanotrophs was labelled more strongly with 13C, reaching a maximum of 6.8 atom-% . T-RFLP analysis and cloning/sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that methanotrophs, especially of type I, were slightly enriched in the 'heavy' fractions. Our results indicate that CH4 oxidation in the rice rhizosphere under in situ conditions is mainly due to type I methanotrophs. KW - Methane-oxidizing bacteria KW - Rice field KW - Rhizosphere KW - Stable isotope probing KW - Phospholipid fatty acid KW - Particulate methane monooxygenase PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2008.34 SN - 1751-7362 SN - 1751-7370 IS - 2 SP - 602 EP - 614 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - Basingstoke AN - OPUS4-17660 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, P. A1 - Lannutti, J.J. A1 - Klobes, Peter A1 - Meyer, Klaus T1 - X-ray Computed Tomography and Mercury Porosimetry for Evaluation of Density Evolution and Porosity Distribution N2 - X-ray computed tomography (CT) and mercury porosimetry were combined to connect density gradients and the distribution of open porosity in a sintered compact. CT clearly showed that open porosity follows the initial distribution of low-density zones. Mercury porosimetry detected three distinct levels of porosity. Microstructural examination correlated the porosity level with the coordination of (i) two to three or (ii) multiple grains around pores. This combination of techniques provides a novel tool for the study of pore and density-gradient evolution during sintering. PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01227.x SN - 0002-7820 SN - 1551-2916 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 518 EP - 522 PB - Blackwell Publishing CY - Malden AN - OPUS4-11955 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bothe, Martin A1 - Mya, K.Y. A1 - Lin, E.M.J. A1 - Yeo, C. C. A1 - Lu, X. A1 - He, C. A1 - Pretsch, Thorsten T1 - Triple-shape properties of star-shaped POSS-polycaprolactone polyurethane networks N2 - Here, we present an investigation of the triple-shape properties of star-shaped polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-poly(ε-caprolactone) polyurethanes (SPOSS-PUs), which have three-dimensional network structures. In a typical 'triple-shape functionalization process', mostly consisting of two tensile deformations at different temperatures, chain immobilization of the polymer network component poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was successfully realized first through crystallization and then through vitrification. Subsequently, large parts of the respective strains were released under stress-free recovery conditions. The two-fold fixed ('programmed') specimens responded to heating with two independent length contractions (switching steps); the first shape change was associated with PCL devitrification and the second one with the melting of hitherto crystalline PCL. It was revealed that the triple-shape properties of SPOSS-PU networks considerably depend on PCL network chain length. When applying exactly the same 'triple-shape creation procedure', larger strain releases were detected in the first transition for polymers with a higher PCL network chain length, whereas the second transition was more accentuated for SPOSS-PU networks with a shorter PCL chain length. In the course of thermo-mechanical cycling, the formation of a neck during the second tensile deformation was repeatedly detected for SPOSS-PUs with higher PCL network chain length; in the subsequent recovery process the specimens even exhibited the highest total strain recoverability. Finally, gradual strain release could be achieved at temperatures below the PCL melting transition through the selection of up to four temperature holding steps, at which every time stable shapes were formed. KW - Shape memory polymer KW - Active polymer KW - Triple-shape polymer KW - Hybrid star-shaped polymer KW - POSS-polycaprolactone polyurethanes KW - Thermo-mechanical properties PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm06474f SN - 1744-683X VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 965 EP - 972 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-25260 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Weege, S. A1 - Großwig, S. A1 - Obermöller, M. A1 - Perk, M. A1 - Lu, Xin A1 - Schukar, Marcus A1 - Weber, U. A1 - Pfeiffer, T. A1 - Rembe, M. T1 - Kombinierte faseroptische Messungen in Bohrlöchern helfen bei der Detektion von Kleinstleckagen N2 - Seit November 2019 läuft ein breit angelegtes und vom BMWi gefördertes ZIM-Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), der IAB'Weimar gGmbH, der GKSO GmbH & Co. Projekt KG, der DEEP.KBB GmbH sowie der Rembe Consulting PartG mbB. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens sind sowohl die Lokalisierung als auch die Quantifizierung insbesondere sehr kleiner Leckagen in einer Bohrlochverrohrung durch die Nutzung faseroptischer Messtechnik. Durch Messdatenkopplung und den Wegfall bewegungsbedingter Nachteile einer Messsonde werden wesentlich präzisere Ergebnisse zur Bewertung der Bohrlochintegrität als üblich erwartet. T2 - DGMK/ÖGEW-Frühjahrstagung 2020 CY - Meeting was canceled DA - 15.04.2020 KW - Wasserstoffspeicher KW - Kavernenspeicher KW - Verteilte faseroptische akustische Sensorik PY - 2020 VL - 6 SP - 43 EP - 43 PB - DVV Media Group CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-52233 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -