TY - JOUR A1 - Haid, August A1 - Goetze, A1 - Selle, Hermann A1 - Koenen, Heinrich A1 - Schmidt, A1 - Becker, T1 - Sprengtechnische Untersuchungen - Detonationsfähigkeit und Sprengkraft verschiedener Chloratgemische PY - 1930 SN - 0368-1785 VL - VIII SP - 115 EP - 118 PB - Verl. Chemie CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42693 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haid, August A1 - Goetze, A1 - Selle, Hermann A1 - Koenen, Heinrich A1 - Schmidt, A1 - Becker, T1 - Sprengtechnische Untersuchungen - Calciumnitrat als Bestandteil von Sprengstoffen PY - 1930 SN - 0368-1785 VL - VIII SP - 118 EP - 119 PB - Verl. Chemie CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42694 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haid, August A1 - Goetze, A1 - Selle, Hermann A1 - Koenen, Heinrich A1 - Schmidt, A1 - Becker, T1 - Sprengtechnische Untersuchungen - Sprengtechnische Eigenschaften des Trinitronaphtalins PY - 1930 SN - 0368-1785 VL - VIII SP - 119 EP - 121 PB - Verl. Chemie CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42695 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haid, August A1 - Goetze, A1 - Selle, Hermann A1 - Koenen, Heinrich A1 - Schmidt, A1 - Becker, T1 - Sprengtechnische Untersuchungen - Pentaerythrittetranitrat und Nitroglyzerin PY - 1930 SN - 0368-1785 VL - VIII SP - 121 EP - 121 PB - Verl. Chemie CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42696 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haid, August A1 - Goetze, A1 - Selle, Hermann A1 - Koenen, Heinrich A1 - Schmidt, A1 - Becker, T1 - Sprengtechnische Untersuchungen - Geschwindigkeitsmessungen mittels des optischen Chronographen - Die Detonationsgeschwindigkeiten von Sprengkapselfüllungen PY - 1930 SN - 0368-1785 VL - VIII SP - 121 EP - 124 PB - Verl. Chemie CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42697 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sauer, Andreas A1 - Buttler, Sabine A1 - Scharf, Holger A1 - Becker, Roland T1 - Bericht zum 23. BAM-Ringversuch "Altlasten" N2 - Präsentation der Ergebnisse eines Ringversuchs zur Kompetenzbewertung von Prüflaboratorien auf dem Gebiet der anorganischen und organischen Bodenanalytik: Polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAK) in Boden, Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffe (MKW) in Boden, Elemente in Sediment und Gesamtcyanid in Boden. KW - Gesamtcyanid KW - Boden KW - Eignungsprüfung KW - MKW KW - PAK KW - Schwermetalle PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-473403 SP - 1 EP - 261 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-47340 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sauer, Andreas A1 - Buttler, Sabine A1 - Becker, Roland T1 - Bericht zum 24. BAM-Ringversuch "Altlasten" N2 - Präsentation der Ergebnisse eines Ringversuchs zur Kompetenzbewertung von Prüflaboratorien auf dem Gebiet der anorganischen und organischen Bodenanalytik: Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) in Boden, Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffe (MKW) in Boden, Elemente in Boden und Gesamtcyanid in Boden. KW - Spurenelemente KW - Boden KW - Gesamtcyanid KW - Eignungsprüfung KW - MKW KW - PCB PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-473418 SP - 1 EP - 183 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-47341 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waske, Anja A1 - Dutta, B. A1 - Teichert, N. A1 - Weise, B. A1 - Shayanfar, N. A1 - Becker, A. A1 - Hütten, A. A1 - Hickel, T. T1 - Coupling Phenomena in Magnetocaloric Materials N2 - Strong coupling effects in magnetocaloric materials are the key factor to achieve a large magnetic entropy change. Combining insights from experiments and ab initio calculations, we review relevant coupling phenomena, including atomic coupling, stress coupling, and magnetostatic coupling. For the investigations on atomic coupling, we have used Heusler compounds as a flexible model system. Stress coupling occurs in first‐order magnetocaloric materials, which exhibit a structural transformation or volume change together with the magnetic transition. Magnetostatic coupling has been experimentally demonstrated in magnetocaloric particles and fragment ensembles. Based on the achieved insights, we have demonstrated that the materials properties can be tailored to achieve optimized magnetocaloric performance for cooling applications. KW - Ab initio calculations KW - Magneto-structural transition KW - Magnetocaloric materials KW - Ferroic cooling KW - Heusler alloys PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-473045 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201800163 VL - 6 IS - 8 SP - 1429 EP - 1447 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-47304 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waske, Anja A1 - Dutta, B. A1 - Teichert, N. A1 - Weise, B. A1 - Shayanfar, N. A1 - Becker, A. A1 - Hütten, A. A1 - Hickel, T. T1 - Coupling Phenomena in Magnetocaloric Materials N2 - Strong coupling effects in magnetocaloric materials are the key factor to achieve a large magnetic entropy change. Combining insights from experiments and ab initio calculations, we review relevant coupling phenomena, including atomic coupling, stress coupling, and magnetostatic coupling. For the investigations on atomic coupling, we have used Heusler compounds as a flexible model system. Stress coupling occurs in first‐order magnetocaloric materials, which exhibit a structural transformation or volume change together with the magnetic transition. Magnetostatic coupling has been experimentally demonstrated in magnetocaloric particles and fragment ensembles. Based on the achieved insights, we have demonstrated that the materials properties can be tailored to achieve optimized magnetocaloric performance for cooling applications. KW - Epitaxial thin films KW - Coupling KW - Atomic Scale KW - Stoichiometric phases KW - Multilaysers KW - Stress Coupling KW - Surface defects PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-458856 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201800163 VL - 6 IS - 8 SP - 1429 EP - 1447 PB - Wiley-VCH AN - OPUS4-45885 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beck, M. A1 - Becker, S. A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Cojocari, O. A1 - Feige, V. A1 - Fischer, B. A1 - Friederich, F. A1 - Globisch, B. A1 - Haupt, H. A1 - Hechtfischer, G. A1 - Hens, K. A1 - Hübers, H.-W. A1 - Jelonnek, J. A1 - Jonuscheit, J. A1 - Keil, A. A1 - Kleine-Ostmann, T. A1 - Nickel, H.-U. A1 - Peichl, M. A1 - Peters, O. A1 - Sprenger, T. A1 - Steiger, A. A1 - van Frank, S. A1 - Vieweg, N. A1 - Werner, M. A1 - Wilk, R. T1 - Terahertzsysteme - Anwendungsfelder und Systeme N2 - Die nicht ionisierende elektromagnetische Strahlung im Bereich von Terahertz-Frequenzen ermöglicht berührungslose und zerstörungsfreie Mess- und Prüftechnik in zahlreichen Bereichen. Nach ersten Anwendungen in der Astronomie und der Atmosphärenforschung wurden in letzter Zeit Anwendungsfelder in der Sicherheitstechnik, der Medizintechnik, der Nachrichtentechnik und der zerstörungsfreien Prozess- und Qualitätskontrolle erschlossen. Dielektrische Materialien wie Kunststoffe und Keramiken können von Terahertz-Wellen durchdrungen werden. Das ermöglicht Untersuchungen des Objektinneren ohne spezielle Schutzmaßnahmen, wie sie z.B. beim Röntgen notwendig sind. Die Richtlinie erleichtert die Verständigung zwischen Nutzern, Herstellern und dem Vertrieb von Terahertz-Systemen. In der Richtlinie werden bekannte Einsatzgebiete sowie die eingesetzten Verfahren und Funktionsprinzipien aufgeführt, um den Leser bei der Auswahlentscheidung zu unterstützen. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die physikalischen Grundlagen und Hinweisen zur elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit, zum Strahlenschutz und zur regulierten Frequenzvergabe werden die verschiedenen Geräteklassen von Terahertz-Systemen ausführlich vorgestellt. Die Richtlinie gibt Hinweise zur messtechnischen Charakterisierung von Terahertz-Wellen. Einsatzgebiete von Terahertz-Systemen, wie die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung, die Dicken- und Abstandsmessung, die Tomografie und die chemische Analytik, werden mit ihren spezifischen Eigenschaften im Detail beschrieben. Umfangreiche Literaturverweise vereinfachen eine vertiefte Beschäftigung mit den Themen der Richtlinie. Eine tabellarische Übersicht mit einer Zusammenfassung, welche Terahertz-Systeme für welche Anwendungsfelder eingesetzt werden können, vervollständigt die Richtlinie. KW - Terahertzsysteme KW - THz-Wellen PY - 2018 UR - https://www.vdi.de/5590 VL - VDI/VDE 5590 Blatt 2 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ET - Entwurf - November 2018 AN - OPUS4-46727 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kadlag, Y. A1 - Tatzel, Michael A1 - Frick, D. A. A1 - Becker, H. T1 - Silicon isotope constraints on the formation of silicates and metal in EH chondrites N2 - Bulk enstatite chondrites (EC) and their achondritic counterpart, the aubrites, have the lightest measured Si isotope composition of all rocks in the solar system. Some authors proposed that the enrichment of 28Si in EC metal by equilibrium or kinetic isotope fractionation processes in the solar nebula may have led to the negative δ30/28Si of bulk EC. Because EC are also depleted in refractory elements, loss of a heavy Si component with refractory elements might be an alternative explanation. To further constrain their genesis, we analysed for the first time in situ Si-isotope ratios simultaneously with major- and trace element abundances in silicate and metal phases of Sahara 97072 (EH3) and Indarch (EH4). T2 - 81st Annual Meeting of The Meteoritical Society 2018 CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 22.07.2018 KW - Si isotopes PY - 2018 SN - 1945-5100 VL - 53 SP - 6154 EP - 6154 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-46835 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Sporkert, F. A1 - Lô, I. A1 - Baumgartner, M. T1 - The determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair: Experiences from nine consecutive interlaboratory comparison rounds N2 - The increasing request for hair ethyl glucuronide (HEtG) in alcohol consumption monitoring according to cut-off levels set by the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) has triggered a proficiency testing program based on interlaboratory comparisons (ILC). Here, the outcome of nine consecutive ILC rounds organised by the SoHT on the determination of HEtG between 2011 and 2017 is summarised regarding interlaboratory reproducibility and the influence of procedural variants. Test samples prepared from cut hair (1 mm) with authentic (in-vivo incorporated) and soaked (in-vitro incorporated) HEtG concentrations up to 80 pg/mg were provided for 27–35 participating laboratories. Laboratory results were evaluated according to ISO 5725-5 and provided robust averages and relative reproducibility standard deviations typically between 20 and 35% in reasonable accordance with the prediction of the Horwitz model. Evaluation of results regarding the analytical techniques revealed no significant differences between gas and liquid chromatographic methods In contrast, a detailed evaluation of different sample preparations revealed significantly higher average values in case when pulverised hair is tested compared to cut hair. This observation was reinforced over the different ILC rounds and can be attributed to the increased acceptance and routine of hair pulverisation among laboratories. Further, the reproducibility standard deviations among laboratories performing pulverisation were on average in very good agreement with the prediction of the Horwitz model. Use of sonication showed no effect on the HEtG extraction yield. KW - Ethyl glucuronide KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - Proficiency testing KW - Society of hair testing KW - Reproducibility KW - Pulverization PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.025 SN - 0379-0738 SN - 1872-6283 VL - 288 SP - 67 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-44881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Wander, Lukas A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Goedecke, Caroline A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - High-throughput NIR spectroscopic (NIRS) detection of microplastics in soil N2 - The increasing pollution of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with plastic debris leads to the accumulation of microscopic plastic particles of still unknown amount. To monitor the degree of contamination analytical methods are urgently needed, which help to quantify microplastics (MP). Currently, time-costly purified materials enriched on filters are investigated both by micro-infrared spectroscopy and/or micro-Raman. Although yielding precise results, these techniques are time consuming, and are restricted to the analysis of a small part of the sample in the order of few micrograms. To overcome these problems, here we tested a macroscopic dimensioned NIR process-spectroscopic method in combination with chemometrics. For calibration, artificial MP/soil mixtures containing defined ratios of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polystyrene with diameters < 125 µm were prepared and measured by a process FT-NIR spectrometer equipped with a fiber optic reflection probe. The resulting spectra were processed by chemometric models including support vector machine regression (SVR), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Validation of models by MP mixtures, MP-free soils and real-world samples, e.g. and fermenter residue, suggest a reliable detection and a possible classification of MP at levels above 0.5 to 1.0 mass% depending on the polymer. The benefit of the combined NIRS chemometric approach lies in the rapid assessment whether soil contains MP, without any chemical pre-treatment. The method can be used with larger sample volumes and even allows for an online prediction and thus meets the demand of a high-throughput method. KW - Microplastics KW - Soil KW - Chemometrics KW - PLS-DA KW - Support vector machines KW - Near Infrared Spectroscopy PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2180-2 SN - 1614-7499 SN - 0944-1344 VL - 26 IS - 8 SP - 7364 EP - 7374 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-45405 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Pohl, Rainer A1 - Munzke, Dorit A1 - Becker, Ben A1 - Pelkner, Matthias T1 - Eddy current testing of composite pressure vessels N2 - The use of composite pressure vessels instead of conventional vessels made of steel or aluminum grew strongly over the last decade. The reason for this trend is the tremendous weight saving in case of composite vessels. However, the long-time behavior is not fully understood for filling and discharging cycles and creep strength and their influence on the CFRP coating (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) and the internal liner (steel, aluminum, or plastics). The CFRP ensures the pressure resistance while the inner liner is used as container for liquid or gas. To overcome the missing knowledge of ageing BAM started an internal project to investigate degradation of these material systems. Therefore, applicable testing methods like eddy current testing are needed. Normally, high-frequency eddy current testing (HF-ET, f > 10 MHz) is deployed for CFRP due to its low conductivity of the fiber, which is in the order of 0.01 MS/s, and the capacitive coupling between the fibers. Nevertheless, in some cases conventional ET can be applied. We show a concise summary of studies on the application of conventional ET of composite pressure vessels. T2 - QNDE 2017 CY - Provo, Utah, USA DA - 16.07.2017 KW - Eddy current KW - Composite KW - Pressure vessel PY - 2018 SN - 978-0-7354-1644-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5031622 SN - 0094-243X VL - 1949 SP - UNSP 160004, 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-45051 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Axel A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Dorgerloh, Ute A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Braun, Ulrike T1 - The effect of polymer aging on the uptake of fuel aromatics and ethers by microplastics N2 - Microplastics are increasingly entering marine, limnic and terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, where they sorb hydrophobic organic contaminants. Here, the sorption behavior of the fuel-related water contaminants benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) and four tertiary butyl ethers to virgin and via UV radiation aged polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) pellets was investigated. Changes in material properties due to aging were recorded using appropriate polymer characterization methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and microscopy. Pellets were exposed to water containing BTEX and the ethers at 130-190 mg/L for up to two weeks. Aqueous sorbate concentrations were determined by headspace gas chromatography. Sorption to the polymers was correlated with the sorbate's Kow and was significant for BTEX and marginal for the ethers. Due to substantially lower glass transition temperatures, PP showed higher sorption than PS. Aging had no effect on the sorption behavior of PP. PS sorbed less BTEX after aging due to an oxidized surface layer. KW - BTEX KW - Polypropylene KW - Polystyrene KW - Sorption KW - Degradation PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.127 SN - 0269-7491 VL - 240 SP - 639 EP - 646 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-44990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Günther T1 - Fluorine compounds for wood preservation N2 - Fluoride compounds have gained a considerable importance in wood preservation, especially in Germany and some other countries of Europe. They are used as single compounds or in mixtures of different compounds. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation which continues the activities of a former O.E.C.D.- Group, was aslced to prepare a survey on fluorides in wood preservation together with other papers on the present state of knowledge of wood preservatives and methods of application. Monofluorides and silicofluorides have been used in the field of wood preservation for about 60 years and special development and application of bifluorides (hydrogen fluorides) have been going on for 30 years. Much scientific work has been carried out on fluorides and much experience in practical use is available. It thus seems to be useful briefly to summarise the information on this group of compounds in wood preservation. Due to the voluminous literature, i.e. some 270 papers which are cited in the references, only an introduction into the Problems and main results but not a detailed review of the publications is possible. The subjects dealt with in the publications are indicated in the references. With some exceptions the brief survey is limited to the compounds and mixtures without chromium, which remain leachable in the wood. Questions of toxicity to human beings, animals and plants are not discussed in this paper. PY - 1973 VL - 32 SP - 51 EP - 62 AN - OPUS4-45409 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Becker, Günther T1 - Protection of Wood Particle Board against Termites N2 - Particle boards are of increasing economic importance. Without special treatment they are destroyed by termites. Deterioration of unprotected material as well as possibilities and present knowledge of preservation against termite attack are briefly described. Recent laboratory experiments with particle board treated to make it resistant to humidity and basidiomycete fungi showed that only one organic preservative out of four protected the boards also against termite attack; one of two water-soluble preservatives gave promising results. Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) from India proved to be more aggressive and resistant to the preservatives than Coptotermes amanii (Sjöstedt) from Kenya and Nasutitermes nigriceps (Haldemann) from Guatemala. Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabr.) from Italy was also very tolerant to the fungicidal preservatives. Further development of treatments of particle board against termites is required. T2 - The World Consultation on the Use of Wood in Housing CY - Vancouver, B. C., Canada DA - 05.07.1971 KW - Material Processing KW - India KW - Laboratory Experiment KW - Promising Result KW - Special Treatment PY - 1972 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 239 EP - 248 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-45428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haid, August A1 - Goetze, A1 - Selle, Hermann A1 - Koenen, Heinrich A1 - Becker, A1 - Schmidt, T1 - Sprengtechnische Untersuchungen - Über die sprengtechnischen Eigenschaften von Chloratit 3 mit verschiedenem Gehalt an Petroleum - Sprengtechnische Prüfung PY - 1929 SN - 0368-1785 VL - VII SP - 164 EP - 168 PB - Verl. Chemie CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42196 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haid, August A1 - Goetze, A1 - Selle, Hermann A1 - Koenen, Heinrich A1 - Becker, A1 - Schmidt, T1 - Über die explosiven Eigenschaften von Ammonsalpeter und daraus hergestellten Düngesalzen - Prüfung verschiedener ammonnitrathaltiger Düngesalze auf explosive Eigenschaften - Ermittlung der Sprengwirkung von Nitrophoska und den entsprechenden Trockengemischen im Trauzlschen Bleiblock PY - 1929 SN - 0368-1785 VL - VII SP - 157 EP - 158 PB - Verl. Chemie CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42111 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haid, August A1 - Goetze, A1 - Selle, Hermann A1 - Koenen, Heinrich A1 - Becker, A1 - Schmidt, T1 - Über die explosiven Eigenschaften von Ammonsalpeter und daraus hergestellten Düngesalzen - Prüfung verschiedener ammonnitrathaltiger Düngesalze auf explosive Eigenschaften - Sprengtechnische Versuche mit größeren Mengen PY - 1929 SN - 0368-1785 VL - VII SP - 158 EP - 160 PB - Verl. Chemie CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42112 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -