TY - JOUR A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Pfennig, A. T1 - Corrosion behaviour of Cr13 steel in CO2 saturated brine with high chloride concentration N2 - The corrosion behaviour of martensitic stainless injection-pipeline steel X46Cr13 exposed to CO2 saturated artificial saline brine with high chloride concentration similar to onshore CCS-site at Ketzin, Germany has been investigated by means of electrochemical technique and microscopic observations at short exposure times (up to 24?h) and by mass loss and metallographic observations at exposure times up to 17520?h. Pitting corrosion kinetics has been characterised and the predictions about the corrosion mechanism are made. KW - Stainless steel KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Electrochemistry KW - Carbon dioxide PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201005932 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 61 IS - 9999 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-23057 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Carrillo-Salgado, I. T1 - Material challenges for stainless steel in carbon capture and storage N2 - Corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel (SS) (UNS S32101) and super austenitic SS (UNS NO8031) (Alloy 31) was investigated in crevice conditions in a saline brine. Rubber was used to form a metal/non-metal-crevice confguration. UNS NO8031 did not exhibit any signs of pitting corrosion even by applying potentials much more positive than the corrosion potential. KW - Corrosion KW - CO2 KW - Saline aquifer fluids PY - 2014 SN - 0094-1492 VL - 53 IS - 5 SP - 2 EP - 5 CY - Houston, Tex. AN - OPUS4-30633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Corrosion susceptibility of steels under transport and injection exploitation conditions possible in CCS process chain N2 - Once sequestrated, C02 will be transported and injected in its gaseous, liquid or supercritical state. The presence of impurities significantly influences the corrosion behavior of pipeline steels even with small concentrations of water below its Saturation limit. T2 - EUROCORR 2014 - European corrosion congress CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 08.09.2014 KW - Corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - CCS KW - COORAL PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-89746-159-8 SP - 1 AN - OPUS4-32745 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Bohraus, Stefan T1 - Corrosion of CO2 transport and injection pipeline steels due to the condensation effects caused by SO2 and NO2 impurities N2 - Condensates from the gas stream in simulated CO2 transport pipelines have been identified during the experiments in the laboratory. Because of their acidic origin the corrosion resistance of pipeline steels used for CCS (carbon capture and storage) technology might be limited. Over the last years it has become clear that the amount of water and acid building constituents in the CO2 stream has to be controlled very well. In this work, condensates formed in experiments using gaseous CO2 containing high amounts of water, NO2 and SO2 were analyzed, replicated, and used for extensive electrochemical experiments. These highly acidic condensates were enriched with CO2 and then applied to characteristic steels planned to use in the CCS transport chain. Even high alloy steels are susceptible to localized corrosion under these conditions. The results implicate that condensation of aggressive acid droplets has to be avoided or the locations where condensation takes place have to be controlled extensively. KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Carbon steel KW - Corrosion KW - High alloy steel PY - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201307368 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - 334 EP - 341 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-30036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bettge, Dirk A1 - Bohraus, Stefan A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Pfennig, A. A1 - Kranzmann, Axel T1 - Corrosion behavior of steels for CO2 injection N2 - The process chain for Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) includes tubing for injection of CO2 into saline aquifers. The compressed CO2 is likely to contain specific impurities; small concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in combination with oxygen and humidity are most harmful. In addition, CO2 saturated brine is supposed to rise in the well when the injection process is interrupted. The material selection has to ensure that neither CO2 nor brine or a combination of both will leak out of the inner tubing. In this comprehensive paper the investigated materials range from low-alloy steels and 13% Cr steels up to high-alloy materials. Electrochemical tests as well as long term exposure tests were performed in CO2, in brine and combination of both; pressure was up to 100 bar, temperature up to 60 °C. Whereas the CO2 stream itself can be handled using low alloy steels, combinations of CO2 and brine require more resistant materials to control the strong tendency to pitting corrosion. The corrosion behavior of heat-treated steels depends on factors such as microstructure and carbon content. For different sections of the injection tube, appropriate materials should be used to guarantee safety and consider cost effectiveness. KW - CCS KW - Injection tubing KW - Corrosion KW - Safety KW - Carbon steel KW - High alloy steel KW - Saline fluid KW - Supercritical CO2 PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2013.07.002 SN - 0957-5820 SN - 1744-3598 VL - 92 IS - 1 SP - 108 EP - 118 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28966 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Hattendorf, H. T1 - Electrochemical characterization of high alloyed materials in molten salts for solar energy applications N2 - Within the last years the use of feasible alternative energy sources has risen and is going to replace fossil resources more and more. Nevertheless, service conditions in solar facilities are due to the chemical composition of heat transmission media and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Since the construction of power plants shall be economical with maximum life service, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable operation of those facilities. The materials selection depends on the operation temperature of a power plant on the chemical composition of the transmission fluid used. In high corrosive environments Ni-based alloys are often used as an all-round solution for the construction of corrosion resistant parts, because of their good corrosion properties. However, there might be limits for their use regarding their corrosion behavior, with which this contribution deals. Experiences from the electrochemical characterization of materials in aqueous solutions are transferred to molten salts, providing a good addition to common exposure tests at temperatures from 450 0C to 600 0C. By means of electrochemical measurements and exposure tests the suitability of high alloyed materials in molten nitrate salt (60 % NaNO3/40 % KNO3) can be characterized. The method was verified on different Ni-based alloys (UNS N08810, UNS N06600) and Titanium (UNS R50250). T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2015 CY - Dallas, TX, USA DA - 15.03.2015 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Nickel based alloys KW - Solar energy KW - Renewables KW - Electrochemical characterization KW - UNS N08810 KW - UNS N06600 KW - UNS R50250 PY - 2015 SP - paper 5659, S. 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-34748 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Carillo Salgado, I. T1 - Corrosion behavior of highly alloyed steels in artificial saline aquifer fluids containing carbon dioxide N2 - C02-corrosion on piping steels might cause problems during injection of flue gases for their storage in deep geological aquifer fluids. Therefore, the selection of appropriate piping steels is a key factor to increase safety and reliability of the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology, and to keep the process cost-efficient. Within the project COORAL (German acronym for “C02 purity for capture and storage”) corrosion studies on injection piping steels exposed to C02 and artificial brine with high Chloride concentration have been carried out. Corrosion of the injection pipe in C02-rich aquifer fluid may occur within the aquifer brine or when at injection interruptions the aquifer fluid may flow back into the injection pipe. Because of high salinity of aquifer brine and C02-corrosion an appropriate material ranking of injection piping steels should be made. Corrosion resistance of steels 1.4034, 1.4021, 1.4542, 1.4162 and 1.4562 was investigated in a corrosive environment using electrochemical and metallographic techniques. Electrochemical experiments in order to investigate the surface corrosion kinetics and polarization measurements in order to investigate localized corrosion phenomena have been carried out. Critical pitting potentials and repassivation potentials were determined by polarization curves of investigated materials and compared with measured corrosion potentials. Measured values were used in order to determine the suitability and performance of tested steels in C02-injection conditions. T2 - Latincorr 2014 - IX Latin American congress of corrosion CY - Medellín, Colombia DA - 28.10.2014 KW - Highly alloyed steels KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Pitting corrosion PY - 2014 SP - Paper 2445981, 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-32746 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -