TY - CONF A1 - Mull, Birte A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Photocatalytic degradation of toluene, butyl acetate and limonene under UV and visible light N2 - Since Central Europeans spend most of their time indoors, the quality of the indoor air is important. Sources of volatile organic compounds (VOC) indoors are e. g. building materials, wall and floor coverings and interior equipment, whose emissions might influence the health and wellbeing of people. Photocatalysis is one opportunity to improve the indoor air quality by degrading VOCs ideally to carbon dioxide and water. Titanium dioxide (Ti02) in its anatase modification (band gap of 3.2 eV) is a common used UV-active photocatalytic coating. Because of the lack of UV light indoors Ti02 needs to be modified to be active under visible light too. This work focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of toluene, butyl acetate and limonene under UV LED light and blue LED light in emission test chambers under controlled climatic conditions. These compounds were selected due to their frequent occurrence in the indoor environment and their supply was done with a gas mixing System. Ceramic tiles coated with modified and pure Ti02 were used as photocatalytic active material. Previous results and experimental details were already published by Mull and Wilke (2014). T2 - Healthy Buildings Europe 2015 CY - Eindhoven, The Netherlands DA - 18.05.2015 KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Emission test chamber KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Blue LED light PY - 2015 SN - 978-90-386-3889-8 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-33410 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Even, Morgane A1 - Hutzler, C. A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Luch, A. T1 - Emissions of volatile organic compounds from polymer-based consumer products: comparison of three emission chamber sizes N2 - The ISO 16000 standard series provide guidelines for emission measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials. However, polymer-based consumer products such as toys may also release harmful substances into indoor air. In such cases, the existing standard procedures are unsuitable for official control laboratories due to high costs for large emission testing chambers. This paper aims at developing and comparing alternative and more competitive methods for the emission testing of consumer products. The influence of the emission chamber size was investigated as smaller chambers are more suited to the common size of consumer products and may help to reduce the costs of testing. Comparison of the performance of a 203 l emission test chamber with two smaller chambers with the capacity of 24 l and 44 ml, respectively, was carried out by using a polyurethane reference material spiked with 14 VOCs during the course of 28 days. The area-specific emission rates obtained in the small chambers were always similar to those of the 203 l reference chamber after a few hours. This implies that smaller chambers can provide at least useful numbers on the extent of polymer-based consumer product emissions into indoor air, thereby supporting meaningful exposure assessments. KW - Comparison KW - Consumer products KW - Emission chamber KW - Reference material KW - Volatile organic compounds PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-493697 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12605 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 40 EP - 48 PB - Wiley VCH-Verlag AN - OPUS4-49369 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klein, Luise A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Chamber comparison for the determination of initial VOC emissions from consumer products N2 - Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from consumer products contribute to human inhalation exposure and may cause adverse health effects. Existing methods to determine long-term VOC emissions from e.g. building products need to be verified for their suitability to reliably detect initial VOC emissions from consumer products within the first hours and days of use, which would facilitate realistic inhalation exposure assessments. To investigate this issue, VOCs emitted from a test sample were determined in a large-scale emission test chamber and in two micro-chambers of different volumes, and the results were compared. T2 - Healthy Buildings 2023 Europe CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 11.06.2023 KW - Micro-chamber KW - Emission test chamber KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Inhalation exposure KW - Consumer products PY - 2023 SP - 6 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-58055 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Mull, B. A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Mölders, N. A1 - Renner, M. T1 - Reproducibly emitting reference material for quality assurance/quality control of emission test chamber measurements N2 - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are ubiquitous in the indoor air, since they emit from materials used indoors. Investigations of these materials are mostly carried out in test chambers under controlled climatic conditions. Quality control of these test chamber measurements is important but there is a lack of commercially available homogenous reference materials as required for round robin tests or quality assurance of laboratories. The approach of the present study is the impregnation of a supporting material with VOC, which are reproducibly released in measurable chamber air concentrations under standardised test conditions. A polymer made of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) was chosen as carrier material. It was impregnated with the VOC trimethyl pentanediol isobutyrat (texanol). T2 - Healthy Buildings 2017 Europe CY - Lublin, Poland DA - 02.07.2017 KW - Emissions testing KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Polymeric material KW - CO2 assisted impregnation PY - 2017 SN - 978-83-7947-232-1 SP - Paper 0172, 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-42348 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Wiegner, Katharina A1 - Scheffer, Harald A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Kalus, Sabine T1 - Determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from oriented strand boards and evaluation by the German AgBB scheme N2 - There has been an increasing use of oriented strand boards (OSBs) for the construction of floors, ceilings and walls of buildings. In Germany and other European countries, OSBs are mainly produced from pine wood (Pinus sylvestris). In response to complaints about the odour and irritation of mucous membranes in connection with the use of OSBs, samples of OSBs were bought from do-it-yourself stores to test their volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by using emission test chambers. The boards emitted predominantly monoterpenes, aldehydes, acids and acetone. Aldehydes are generated during the production process by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Pine wood, compared with other wood species, contains more unsaturated fatty acids. Of the six acquired OSBs, four boards from three manufacturers would not meet the requirements of the German AgBB (Ausschuss zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten, Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products), mainly because of the emissions of unsaturated aldehydes. These compounds have low LCI values (lowest concentration of interest) and are therefore problematic substances based on a health-related evaluation of building products according to the AgBB scheme. KW - Oriented strand board KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Unsaturated aldehydes KW - Pine wood KW - Emission test chamber KW - AgBB scheme PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X13504121 SN - 1420-326X SN - 1423-0070 VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 1050 EP - 1054 PB - Karger CY - Basel ; München [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-32063 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mull, Birte A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Photocatalytical degradation of selected volatile organic compounds in emission test chambers N2 - This work focuses on the photocatalytical degradation of selected volatile organic compounds (toluene, butyl acetate, phenol and limonene) under UV-light and blue LED-light (λ = 444 nm) at different relative humidities. Ceramic tiles coated with titanium dioxide were used as photocatalytical active material. The experiments were performed in 20 l emission test chambers with two different kinds of pollutant supply. Toluene was the compound with the highest degradation rate in all performed experiments. A degradation rate of 24 % was obtained under blue LED-light and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5)% and a degradation rate up to 80 % was obtained under UV-light in dry air. T2 - Indoor Air 2014 - 13th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Hongkong, China DA - 07.07.2014 KW - Photocatalysis KW - Titanium dioxide KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Emission test chamber KW - UV-light PY - 2014 SP - HP0549, 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-31364 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Brödner, Doris T1 - Entwicklung eines Prüfverfahrens zur Ermittlung der Emission flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus beschichteten Holzwerkstoffen und Möbeln (Forschungsbericht 295 44 512/02 / UBA-FB 99-123) N2 - Beschichtete Holzwerkstoffe und daraus hergestellte Produkte, wie z.B. Möbel, sind in nahezu jedem Innenraum mit vergleichsweise großen Oberflächen anzutreffen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Vielzahl von in Innenräumen verwendeten unterschiedlichen Materialien und Produkten und dem Ziel, die Belastung der Innenraumluft mit flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen möglichst gering zu halten, ist eine weitgehende Minimierung von Emissionen dieser Verbindungen aus den genannten möglichen Quellen notwendig. Zu diesem Zweck, auch im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung der „Konzeption der Bundesregierung zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität in Innenräumen“ wurde das bestehende deutsche Umweltzeichen RAL-UZ 38 (Blauer Engel) „Formaldehydarme Produkte aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen“ überarbeitet. Für das Ziel einer Erweiterung von der Einzelverbindung Formaldehyd auf ein breites Spektrum an flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen war ein geeignetes Prüfverfahren als Basis der neuen Umweltzeichen-Vergabegrundlage zu entwickeln. Die Ergebnisse der hierfür durchgeführten Untersuchungen können dem Abschlußbericht entnommen werden. KW - Tenax KW - Thermodesorption KW - Emissionsmesszelle KW - Abklingverhalten KW - Alterung KW - Emissionsmesskammer KW - Emissionen KW - Flüchtige organische Verbindungen KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Semi volatile organic compounds KW - Möbel KW - beschichtete Holzwerkstoffe PY - 1999 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-pruefverfahrens-zur-ermittlung SN - 1862-4804 SN - 0722-186X IS - 74 SP - 1 EP - 159 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-7202 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Howard-Reed, C. A1 - Liu, Z. A1 - Cox, S. A1 - Little, J. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Wiegner, Katharina A1 - Persily, A. T1 - Inter-laboratory study approach to validate the performance of a prototype reference material for product emissions testing N2 - Product emissions chamber testing involves a complex protocol with several sources of measurement uncertainty (ASTM, 2010; ISO, 2006). Despite the potential for significant variability in measurement results within and among laboratories, there is no Standard method available to assess the accuracy of emissions chamber test results. Recently, Germany’s Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) started a program to evaluate the performance of laboratories testing for the AgBB (German Committee for Health-related Evaluation of Building Products) labelling scheme (Wilke et al., 2009). Test method validation was conducted through interlaboratory studies (ILS) with over 30 participants. Simultaneously, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) started a program to develop a series of reference materials that mimic real building products, can be tested in typical emissions chambers, and have independently known emission rates (Cox et al., 2010). BAM, NIST and VT subsequently joined forces to conduct a series of inter-laboratory studies using the prototype reference material. A pilot ILS was conducted with BAM and NIST followed by an expanded ILS with several participating countries. Results from these interlaboratory studies have the potential to define an internationally-accepted Standard approach to validate results from product emissions tests. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Test method validation KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Product certification PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23883 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - Reproducibly emitting reference material for quality assurance/quality control of emission test chamber measurements N2 - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are ubiquitous in the indoor air, since they emit from materials used indoors. Investigations of these materials are mostly carried out in test chambers under controlled climatic conditions. Quality control of these test chamber measurements is important but there is a lack of commercially available homogenous reference materials as required for round robin tests or quality assurance of laboratories. The approach of the present study is the impregnation of a supporting material with VOC, which are reproducibly released in measurable chamber air concentrations under standardised test conditions. A polymer made of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) was chosen as carrier material. It was impregnated with the VOC trimethyl pentanediol isobutyrat (texanol). T2 - Healthy Buildings 2017 Europe CY - Lublin, Poland DA - 02.07.2017 KW - Emissions testing KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Polymeric material KW - CO2 assisted impregnation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42351 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -