TY - JOUR A1 - Przondziono, R. A1 - Timothy, J.J. A1 - Nguyen, M. A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Breitenbücher, R. A1 - Meschke, G. A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Vorschädigungen in Beton infolge zyklischer Beanspruchungen und deren Auswirkung auf Transportprozesse im Hinblick auf eine schädigende AKR N2 - Auf Grundlage der Zielsetzung der Forschergruppe 1498 beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit den Auswirkungen einer zyklischen mechanischen Belastung im Vierpunktbiegeversuch auf das Transportverhalten in Betongefüge. Hierzu wurde zunächst die Degradation des Mikrogefüges mittels Ultraschallmessungen sowie rissmikroskopischen Untersuchungen an Dünnschliffen charakterisiert. Mit dem Ziel der numerischen Modellbildung wurden Untersuchungen zum Wassereindringverhalten durchgeführt. Es wurden u. a. das Wassereindringverhalten über die Zeit und der Einfluss von Vorschädigungen experimentell geprüft. Basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen zu den Einzelprozessen des Ionentransports in poröses Gefüge wurde ein mikromechanisches Mehrskalenmodell entwickelt, welches es ermöglicht, die Wirkung der Vorschädigung auf gekoppelte Feuchte- und Ionentransportprozesse vorherzusagen. Das Modell berücksichtigt die Topologie und räumliche Verteilung der Mikrorisse und deren Einfluss auf die Ionendiffusivität. Die numerische Simulation liefert bei anisotroper Verteilung der Mikrorisse eine erhöhte Alkali-Eindringtiefe. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- According to the goals of the research group 1498, this paper deals with the effects of cyclic flexural loading in a four-point bending test on the fluid transport processes within a concrete structure. Therefore, the degradation of the microstructure is characterized through ultrasonic wave measurements as well as microscopic crack analysis. In order to numerically model these processes, experiments on the penetration behavior of water into the concrete were carried out. The penetration behavior over time as well as the influence of degradation on the water transport were investigated. To predict the influence of concrete degradation on alkali diffusivity, a multi-scale continuum micromechanics model is incorporated into the numerical model, which accounts for the topology and the three-dimensional distribution of microcracks. As expected, the numerical simulation predicts larger alkali-penetration in pre-damaged concrete. Regarding the micro-crack distribution, an anisotropic distribution of micro-cracks tangential to the direction of the alkali and water flux increases their penetration depth. KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion KW - Baustoffe KW - Degradation KW - Ionentransport KW - Mikromechanik KW - Modellierung KW - Straßenbeton KW - Transportprozesse KW - Vorschädigung KW - zyklische Belastung KW - Korrosion KW - Versuche KW - Fahrbahn KW - Cyclic loading KW - Transport process KW - Schädigende AKR KW - ASR damage PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.201400095 SN - 0005-9900 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 110 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 12 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-33039 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Kind, Thomas A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Wieland, M. T1 - Dunkelfärbung der Betonfahrbahndecke im AKR-Kontext - Ursachenanalyse mit innovativer Prüftechnik T1 - Dark Dyeing of the Concrete Pavement in the AKR Context: Root Cause Analysis with innovative Testing Technology N2 - Die AKR-Schadensevolution von Betonfahrbahndecken ist in der Anfangsphase durch eine Dunkelfärbung der Oberfläche im Fugenbereich gekennzeichnet. Es wird vermutet, dass eine erhöhte Durchfeuchtung der Betonrandzone ursächlich für diese Erscheinung ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde exemplarisch eine Fahrbahnplatte eines repräsentativen Bundesautobahnabschnitts systematisch mit verschiedenartiger zerstörungsfreier Prüftechnik vor Ort untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der zunächst erfolgten großflächigen Durchmusterung mit Radar zeigen, dass in den Bereichen mit einer Dunkelfärbung der Betonfahrbahndecke erhöhte Laufzeiten der Radarimpulse zwischen der Oberfläche und der Rückseite der Betonfahrbahndecke auftreten, was auf eine erhöhte integrale Durchfeuchtung der Betonfahrbahndecke schließen lässt. Vertiefend durchgeführte NMR-Feuchtemessungen in der Betonrandzone zeigen eine gute Korrelation zwischen erhöhtem Feuchtegehalt und der dunkel gefärbten Fahrbahnoberfläche. Die Ergebnisse beider zerstörungsfreien Prüfmethoden lassen den Schluss zu, dass die Betonfahrbahndecke in der Nähe des Fugenkreuzes eine höhere Durchfeuchtung als im Bereich der Querscheinfuge aufweist. Die geringste Durchfeuchtung besitzt die Betonfahrbahndecke in der Plattenmitte. Die mit den zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren ermittelten Befunde stimmen prinzipiell gut mit den punktuell mittels Darr-Wäge-Verfahren an Bohrmehlproben gewonnenen Ergebnissen überein. N2 - Darkening of the surface within alkali-silica reaction context - Root cause analysis with non-destructive measurement methods The damage evolution in concrete pavements due to alkali-silica reaction is characterized in the initial phase by a darkening of the surface along joint regions. It is generally assumed that an increased moisture content of the concrete boundary zone is responsible for this visual appearance. Against this background, a concrete pavement slab of a representative German motorway section was systematically investigated in-situ using different non-destructive measurement methods. The results of the high-resolution, planar radar showed an increased time of flight of the radar pulse between the pavement surface and the base of the concrete slab in the darkened areas. This indicated that the overall moisture content is increased near joints in the slab. Additional NMR moisture measurements in the concrete boundary zone confirmed the correlation between increased moisture content and the dark-colored surface of the concrete pavement. The results of both non-destructive measurement methods indicated that the moisture content near the intersection of two joints was higher than the moisture content near the area around the transverse joint. The lowest moisture content was measured in the center of the concrete pavement slab. The results obtained with the two non-destructive testing methods were in overall good agreement with moisture measurements of boring dust analyzed using the gravimetric method. KW - Betonfahrbahndecke KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion KW - Feuchtemessung KW - Radar KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance KW - ZfP PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.201800020 SN - 0005-9900 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 113 IS - 9 SP - 647 EP - 655 PB - Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-46173 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiedmann, A. A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Kotan, E. A1 - Müller, H. S. A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Effects of fatigue loading and alkali-silica reaction on the mechanical behaviour of pavement concrete N2 - The primary aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of mechanical pre-damage and alkali–silica reaction (ASR) on the fracture mechanical properties of pavement concrete. For this purpose, a four point bending test was applied to large format beams to produce a defined level of cyclic pre-damage. The fatigue-induced concrete degradation process was simultaneously recorded using a testing procedure specifically developed for the purpose. In addition, fatigue-induced cracks on extracted drilling cores were spatially visualized and quantified using micro X-ray 3D-computed tomography (3D-CT). The storage of the small-format test specimens, with and without cyclic pre-damage, in an ASR-conducive environment showed that pre-damage leads to an increase in ASR damage processes. Subsequent structural mechanical investigations on small format specimens with and without pre-damage show that fatigue loading and ASR significantly influence fracture mechanical parameters of the concrete. KW - Acoustic emissions analysis KW - Alkali-silica reaction KW - Concrete pavement KW - Fatigue loading KW - Fracture energy KW - Monitoring of damage KW - Tensile strength KW - Ultrasonic velocity PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600179 SN - 1751-7648 SN - 1464-4177 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 539 EP - 549 PB - Ernst & Sohn AN - OPUS4-41007 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pimienta, Pierre A1 - McNamee, Robert A1 - Robert, Fabienne A1 - Boström, Lars A1 - Huang, Shan-Shan A1 - Mróz, Katarzyna A1 - Davie, Colin A1 - Mohaine, Siyimane A1 - Alonso, Maria Cruz A1 - Bodnarova, Lenka A1 - Bosnjak, Josipa A1 - Dal Pont, Stefano A1 - Dao, Vinh A1 - Dauti, Dorjan A1 - Dehn, Frank A1 - Felicetti, Roberto A1 - Hager, Izabela A1 - Hela, Rudolf A1 - Hozjan, Tomaz A1 - Juknat, Michael A1 - Jumppanen, Ulla-Maija A1 - Kirnbauer, Johannes A1 - Kolsek, Jerneja A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Lakhani, Hitesh A1 - Lion, Maxime A1 - Lo Monte, Francesco A1 - Maluk, Cristian A1 - Meftah, Fekri A1 - Miah, Md Jihad A1 - Millard, Alain A1 - Mindeguia, Jean-Christophe A1 - Moreau, Bérénice A1 - Msaad, Yahia A1 - Ozawa, Mitsuo A1 - Pesavento, Francesco A1 - Pham, Duc Toan A1 - Pistol, Klaus A1 - Rickard, Ieuan A1 - Rodrigues, Joao Paulo Correia A1 - Roosefid, Mohsen A1 - Schneider, Martin A1 - Sharma, Umesh Kumar A1 - Sideris, Kosmas A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Weber, Benedikt A1 - Weise, Frank T1 - Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on fire spalling assessment during standardised fire resistance tests: complementary guidance and requirements N2 - The recommendation is based on the co-authors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF “Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling”. It aims to provide useful information, guidance and best practices in fire spalling assessment to laboratories that perform large-scale tests based on fire resistance test standards. It provides guidance on the spalling observation techniques during testing, as well as post-test spalling quantification/assessment methods. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire resistance test standards, e.g. EN 1363-1 and ISO 834-1. KW - Concrete KW - Fire spalling KW - Large scale tests KW - Standardised fire resistance tests PY - 2024 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02248-z SN - 1871-6873 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-59288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pimienta, Pierre A1 - McNamee, Robert A1 - Hager, Izabela A1 - Mróz, Katarzyna A1 - Boström, Lars A1 - Mohaine, Siyimane A1 - Huang, Shan-Shan A1 - Mindeguia, Jean-Christophe A1 - Robert, Fabienne A1 - Davie, Colin A1 - Felicetti, Roberto A1 - Miah, Md Jihad A1 - Lion, Maxime A1 - Lo Monte, Francesco A1 - Ozawa, Mitsuo A1 - Rickard, Ieuan A1 - Sideris, Kosmas A1 - Alonso, Maria Cruz A1 - Millard, Alain A1 - Jumppanen, Ulla-Maija A1 - Bodnarova, Lenka A1 - Bosnjak, Josipa A1 - Dal Pont, Stefano A1 - Dao, Vinh A1 - Dauti, Dorjan A1 - Dehn, Frank A1 - Hela, Rudolf A1 - Hozjan, Tomaz A1 - Juknat, Michael A1 - Kirnbauer, Johannes A1 - Kolsek, Jerneja A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Lakhani, Hitesh A1 - Maluk, Cristian A1 - Meftah, Fekri A1 - Moreau, Bérénice A1 - Pesavento, Francesco A1 - Pham, Duc Toan A1 - Pistol, Klaus A1 - Correia Rodrigues, Joao Paulo A1 - Roosefid, Mohsen A1 - Schneider, Martin A1 - Sharma, Umesh Kumar A1 - Stelzner, Ludwig A1 - Weber, Benedikt A1 - Weise, Frank T1 - Recommendation of RILEM TC 256-SPF on the method of testing concrete spalling due to fire: material screening test N2 - The recommendation is based on the coauthors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF ‘‘Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling’’. The Committee has defined two types of screening tests for characterization of concrete propensity to fire spalling: Material screening tests and Product screening tests. Definitions of both types of tests are given in the paper. The following recommendations apply to Material screening tests. The material screening tests described in these recommendations are a set of minimum requirements to test concrete spalling propensity (for example, the minimal specimen size). This document covers the aspects of concrete characterization, specimen geometries, storage conditions, test methods and measured parameters. KW - Concrete KW - Fire Spalling KW - Screening tests KW - High temperature PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02202-z VL - 56 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-60635 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - von Werder, Julia A1 - Manninger, Tanja A1 - Maier, Bärbel A1 - Fladt, Matthias A1 - Simon, Sebastian A1 - Gardei, Andre A1 - Höhnel, Desirée A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - A multiscale and multimethod approach to assess and mitigate concrete damage due to alkali-silica reaction N2 - Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction within concrete which can lead over time to cracking and spalling. Due to the complexity of the problem, it still causes damage to concrete constructions worldwide. The publication aims to illustrate the interdisciplinary research of the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) within the last 20 years, considering all aspects of ASR topics from the macro to the micro level. First, methods for characterization and assessment of ASR risks and reaction products used at BAM are explained and classified in the international context. Subsequently the added value of the research approach by combining different, preferably nondestructive, methods across all scales is explained using specific examples from a variety of research projects. Aspects covered range from the development of new test-setups to assess aggregate reactivity, to analysis of microstructure and reaction products using microscopical, spectroscopical and X-ray methods, to the development of a testing methodology for existing concrete pavements including in-depth analysis of the visual damage indicator and the de-icing salt input using innovative testing techniques. Finally, research regarding a novel avoidance strategy that makes use of internal hydrophobization of the concrete mix is presented. KW - Mitigation strategies KW - Concrete KW - Damage analysis KW - Alkali silica reaction KW - Road pavement KW - Accelerated testing KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Microstructure PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2022052515100075090235 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101346 SN - 1527-2648 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 36 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-54951 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Przondziono, R. A1 - Timothy, J. J. A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Krütt, Enno A1 - Breitenbücher, R. A1 - Meschke, G. A1 - Hofmann, M. T1 - Degradation in concrete structures due to cyclic loading and its effect on transport processes - Experiments and modeling N2 - According to the objectives of the research group 1498, this paper deals with degradation effects in concrete structures that are caused by cyclic flexural loading. The goal is to determine their influence on the fluid transport processes within the material on the basis of experimental results and numerical simulations. The overall question was, to which extent the ingress of externally supplied alkalis and subsequently an alkali-silica reaction are affected by such modifications in the microstructure. Degradation in the concrete microstructure is characterized by ultrasonic wave measurements as well as by microscopic crack analysis. Furthermore, experiments on the penetration behavior of water into the investigated materials were performed. The penetration behavior into predamaged concrete microstructures was examined by the classical Karsten tube experiment, nuclear magnetic resonance method, and time domain reflectometry techniques. In order to create an appropriate model of the material's degradation on the water transport, the Darcy law was applied to describe the flow in partially saturated concrete. Material degradation is taken into account by an effective permeability that is dependent on the state of degradation. This effective permeability is obtained by the micromechanical homogenisation of the flow in an Representative Elementary Volume (REV) with distributed ellipsoidal microcracks embedded in a porous medium. The data gained in the microscopic crack analysis is used as input for the micromechanical model. Finite element simulations for unsaturated flow using the micromechanical model were compared with the experimental results showing good qualitative and quantitative agreement. KW - Alkali ingress KW - Alkali-silica reaction KW - Computational model for unsaturated flow KW - Cyclic loading KW - Degradation KW - Micromechanics model KW - Transport processes PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600180 SN - 1751-7648 SN - 1464-4177 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 519 EP - 527 PB - Ernst & Sohn AN - OPUS4-41008 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krütt, Enno A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Einfluss einer druckschwellinduzierten Degradation von Fahrbahndeckenbeton auf die schädigende AKR T1 - Influence of cyclic compressive loading induced degradation of road pavement concrete on harmful AAR N2 - In den letzten Jahren sind im deutschen Bundesautobahnnetz verstärkt Schäden an vor 2005 errichteten Betonfahrbahndecken aufgetreten, die mit einer Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion (AKR) in Verbindung gebracht werden. Neben dem AKR-fördernden Einfluss von alkalihaltigen Taumitteln werden Fahrbahndecken zyklischen mechanischen Belastungen infolge des Verkehrs und Zwangsspannungen durch klimatische Einwirkungen ausgesetzt. Solche mechanischen Belastungen werden bisher in keinem AKR-Prüfverfahren berücksichtigt. Die zyklischen Belastungen können zu einer Degradation des Betongefüges führen, die ggf. einen AKR-fördernden Einfluss hat. Dieser Beitrag stellt Untersuchungen vor, die zur Beantwortung der Frage nach dem Einfluss einer zyklischen mechanischen Belastung auf den AKR-Schadensprozess beitragen. Dabei wird der Hypothese nachgegangen, dass die ermüdungsinduzierte Degradation zu einer Erhöhung des Stofftransports führt. Dieser hat einen Einfluss auf die AKR-Schadensentwicklung, da die Reaktionspartner zunächst zum Reaktionsort transportiert werden müssen. Daher wird angenommen, dass sich mit dem Stofftransport auch die AKR-Schädigung verstärkt. Es werden Betonproben aus typischen Fahrbahndeckenbetonen einer vorgeschalteten zyklischen Druckschwellbelastung ausgesetzt. Die Degradation infolge der Vorbelastung wird simultan mittels ZfP-Verfahren charakterisiert. Anschließend werden die Auswirkungen der zyklischen Vorschädigung auf den Stofftransport sowie auf die AKR vergleichend an Prüfkörpern ohne und mit Vorschädigung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass die zyklische Vorschädigung sowohl den Stofftransport als auch die AKR fördert. N2 - In recent years the German motorway network has seen an increase in the occurrence of damage to concrete road surfaces built before 2005, which can be attributed to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). In addition to exposure to ASR-stimulating alkalirich deicing-agents, road surfaces are also subjected to cyclical mechanical loading resulting from traffic and induced stresses due to climatic impact. Such mechanical loadings are not considered in any of the previously developed ASR testing procedures. This cyclical loading could, however, lead to a degradation of the concrete microstructure and, in turn, stimulate the ASR-process. This article presents investigations that contribute to answering the question of whether a mechanically induced degradation influences the ASR-process. The hypothesis that the mechanically induced degradation leads to an increase in mass transport is examined. The mass transport is important for the ASR process because the reactants need to be transported to the reaction location before the reaction can take place. Therefore, it is assumed that increased mass Transport also leads to increased ASR damage. Concrete specimens made of typical pavement concretes are subjected to a predamaging cyclic compressive loading. The degradation is characterized simultaneously during the pre-damaging process using non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. Then the effects of the cyclical pre-damage on the mass transport as well as on the ASR are determined by comparing results from test specimens with and without pre-damage. The results lead to the conclusion that the cyclical pre-damage increases both the mass transport and the ASR. KW - Stofftransport KW - Betonfahrbahndecken KW - AKR KW - Zyklische Belastung KW - Degradation PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.202000017 SN - 0005-9900 VL - 115 IS - 10 SP - 779 EP - 788 PB - Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51561 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruedrich, J. A1 - Rieffel, Y. A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Alpermann, H. A1 - Joksch, U. A1 - Gengnagel, C. A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Plagge, R. A1 - Zhao, J. A1 - Siegesmund, S. T1 - Development and assessment of protective winter covers for marble statuaries of the Schlossbrücke, Berlin (Germany) N2 - The present study documents the results of an inter-disciplinary model project that was planned with the aim of developing an innovative winter covering system for marble statuaries located on the Schlossbru¨cke (Berlin). Such a system would need to fulfil the various requirements for structural stability, aesthetics, climate and practical use. This applied research represents the first complex scientific study of the sustainability of a winter covering system. The study is characterised by the use of complex scientific instruments such as special laboratory analysis and numerical simulation tools. The interaction between the environment and the artefacts in connection with the innovative winter covering structures were studied by extensive climatic monitoring. KW - Marble sculptures KW - Marble weathering KW - Winter cover KW - Climate data KW - Numerical simulations PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0765-2 SN - 1866-6280 SN - 1866-6299 VL - 63 IS - 7-8 SP - 1823 EP - 1848 PB - Springer CY - Berlin; Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-22363 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heap, M.J. A1 - Lavallée, Y. A1 - Laumann, A. A1 - Hess, K.-U. A1 - Meredith, P.G. A1 - Dingwell, D.B. A1 - Huismann, Sven A1 - Weise, Frank T1 - The influence of thermal-stressing (up to 1000 °C) on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of siliceous-aggregate, high-strength concrete N2 - High-strength concrete (HSC) will experience thermal microcracking, explosive spalling, and undesirable chemical changes when exposed to high temperatures, such as during fire, engulfment by lava flow, or nuclear meltdown. Knowledge of the resultant changes in mechanical, physical, and chemical properties is paramount for hazard mitigation. We present a multidisciplinary study on the influence of thermal-stressing on HSC. Our study shows that thermal microcracking in HSC initiates at 180 °C, is more prevalent during cooling, and exhibits the Kaiser 'temperature-memory' effect. We show that residual compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, ultrasonic wave velocities, and Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio decrease, whilst porosity and permeability increase with increasing temperature. We discuss these data in terms of the chemical changes during thermal-stressing, provided by thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction, and from optical microscopic analysis of thermally-stressed samples. We provide implications for thermally-damaged HSC structures and a new method for non-destructive monitoring. KW - High strength concrete KW - Fire KW - Thermal-stressing KW - Acoustic emissions KW - Physical properties KW - Elastic moduli KW - Uniaxial compressive strength KW - Indirect tensile strength KW - Thermo-gravimetric analysis KW - X-ray diffraction PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.020 SN - 0950-0618 VL - 42 SP - 248 EP - 265 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-27992 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -