TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Unger, Wolfgang ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Plasma polymer adhesion promoters for metal-polymer systems T2 - Polyimides and other high temperature polymers: synthesis, characterization and applications, volume 2 T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 2001-12-03 KW - r.f. pulsed plasma KW - Plasma polymers with functional groups KW - Copolymers KW - Adhesion promoting interlayers KW - Metal-polymer systems PY - 2003 SN - 90-6764-378-5 VL - 2 SP - 359 EP - 388 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulz, Eckhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Improvement in Mechanical Strength of Fibre Polymer Composites by Fibre Pretreatment in Low-Pressure Plasmas T2 - Techtextil-Symposium '97 T2 - Vortragsbände des 8. Internationalen Techtextil-Symposiums 1997 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1997-05-12 PY - 1997 SP - 1(?) EP - 16(?) PB - Messe Frankfurt CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-7286 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulz, Eckhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Verbesserungen der mechanischen Festigkeiten von Faser-Polymer-Verbundwerkstoffen durch Vorbehandlung der Fasern im Niederdruckplasma T2 - Techtextil-Symposium '97 T2 - Vortragsbände des 8. Internationalen Techtextil-Symposiums 1997 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1997-05-12 PY - 1997 VL - 8 SP - 1(?) EP - 16(?) PB - Messe Frankfurt CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-7287 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Modelling plasma-induced reactions on polymer surfaces using aliphatic self-assembling and LB layers JF - Surface and coatings technology PY - 1998 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 98 SP - 1132 EP - 1141 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6999 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Giebler, Rainer A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Significance of interfacial redox reactions and formation of metal-organic complexes for the adhesion of metals on pristine and plasma-treated polymers T2 - Polymer surface modification (volume 2) KW - Oxygen low-pressure plasma treatment of polymers KW - Metal-polymer interactions KW - Peel strength PY - 2000 SN - 90-6764-327-0 VL - 2 SP - 137 EP - 171 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Vogel, Lydia T1 - Chemical reactions at polymer surfaces interacting with a gas plasma or with metal atoms - their relevance to adhesion JF - Surface and coatings technology N2 - The chemical and morphological stabilities of polymer segments in the near-surface layer were investigated by spectroscopic methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Model studies were undertaken with Langmuir–Blodgett films, self-assembled monolayers and oligomer films. For thin polymer layers (30 to 500 nm), the changes in molecular-weight distributions of some polymers were investigated systematically by size exclusion chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry and thermal-field flow fractionation for oxygen- and helium-plasma exposures. The polymer surfaces were found to be relatively stable at exposure to an oxygen low-pressure plasma up to ca. 2 s. This is important information to get maximum adhesion to metals in composites. In correlation to their redox potentials, potassium, aluminium and chromium react with oxygen functional groups at the polymer/metal interface. In a dedicated study, chromium was found to attack aromatic rings and form different reaction products. PY - 1999 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00229-7 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 116-119 SP - 772 EP - 782 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6981 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Vogel, Lydia ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Plasma Pretreatment of Polymer Surfaces - Relevance to Adhesion of Metals T2 - Metallized plastics 5 & 6 T2 - 5th Symposium on Metallized Plastics ; 6th Symposium on Metallized Plastics CY - Los Angeles, CA, USA DA - 1996-05-05 PY - 1998 SN - 90-6764-290-8 SP - 271 EP - 293 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Schindel-Bidinelli, E. T1 - Umweltfreundliches Metallisieren von Kunststoffen durch Plasmavorbehandlung in einem geschlossenen Reaktor T2 - Kleben : Grundlagen, Technologie, Anwendung T2 - Swissbonding 97 ; 11. Internationales Symposium Klebtechnik und Umwelt ; 11th International Symposium Bonding and Sealing Technology CY - Rapperswil, Schweiz DA - 1997-05-26 PY - 1997 SP - 1(?) EP - 3(?) PB - SWIBOTECH CY - Rorbas AN - OPUS4-6994 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Nowack, H. T1 - Wechselwirkungen zwischen plasmamodifizierten Polymeroberflächen und Metallen T2 - Plasmatec '97 T2 - 5. Internationale Fachtagung - ND-Plasma-Technologie CY - Duisburg, Deutschland DA - 1997-09-22 PY - 1997 VL - 5 SP - 1(?) EP - 17(?) PB - Print-Service CY - Mülheim AN - OPUS4-6995 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Wöll, Ch. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Characterization of plasma-modified organic surfaces by electron spectroscopy, SEIRA, and MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis T2 - 6th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis CY - Montreux, Switzerland DA - 1995-10-09 PY - 1995 SP - TC 11 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-7001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Plasmavorbehandlungen von Polymeroberflächen T2 - 2. Freiberger Polymertag : 30. Mai 1995 / Forschungsinstitut für Leder- und Kunstledertechnologie, Aninstitut der TU Bergakademie Freiberg T2 - 2. Freiberger Polymertag CY - Freiberg DA - 1995-05-30 PY - 1995 SP - 17 Seiten CY - Freiberg AN - OPUS4-7014 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gabriel, Stefan A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Schwarzinger, C. A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric imaging of synthetic polymer sample spots prepared using ionic liquid matrices JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry N2 - RATIONALE Polymer sample spots for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) prepared by the dried-droplet method often reveal ring formation accompanied by possible segregation of matrix and sample molecules as well as of the polymer homologs itself. Since the majority of sample spots are prepared by this simple and fast method, a matrix or sample preparation method that excludes such segregation has to be found. METHODS Three different ionic liquid matrices based on conventionally used aromatic compounds for MALDI-TOF MS were prepared. The formation of ionic liquids was proven by 1H NMR spectroscopy. MALDI-Imaging mass spectrometry was applied to monitor the homogeneity. RESULTS Our results show a superior sample spot homogeneity using ionic liquid matrices. Spots could be sampled several times without visible differences in the mass spectra. A frequently observed loss of matrix in the mass spectrometer vacuum was not observed. The necessary laser irradiance was reduced, which resulted in less polymer fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS Ionic liquid matrices can be used to overcome segregation, a typical drawback of conventional MALDI dried-droplet preparations. Homogeneous sample spots are easy to prepare, stable in the MS vacuum and, thereby, improve the reproducibility of MALDI. PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6810 SN - 0951-4198 SN - 1097-0231 VL - 28 IS - 5 SP - 489 EP - 498 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-30267 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gabriel, Stefan A1 - Schwarzinger, C. A1 - Schwarzinger, B. A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Matrix segregation as the major cause for sample inhomogeneity in MALDI dried droplet spots JF - Journal of the American society for mass spectrometry N2 - The segregation in dried droplet MALDI sample spots was analyzed with regard to the matrix-to-sample ratio using optical microscopy, MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI MSI) and IR imaging spectroscopy. In this context, different polymer/matrix/solvent systems usually applied in the analysis of synthetic polymers were investigated. The use of typical matrix concentrations (10 mg mL-1) in almost every case resulted in ring patterns, whereas higher concentrated matrix solutions always led to homogeneous sample spot layers. The data revealed that segregation is predominantly caused by matrix transport in the drying droplet, whereas polymer segregation seems to be only secondary. KW - MALDI KW - Imaging MS KW - Matrix segregation KW - Dried droplet KW - Sample preparation KW - Polymers PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-014-0913-0 SN - 1044-0305 VL - 25 IS - 8 SP - 1356 EP - 1363 PB - American Society for Mass Spectrometry CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-32582 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gabriel, Stefan A1 - Steinhoff, R.F. A1 - Pabst, M. A1 - Schwarzinger, C. A1 - Zenobi, R. A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Improved analysis of ultra-high molecular mass polystyrenes in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using DCTB matrix and caesium salts JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry N2 - Rationale The ionization of polystyrenes in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is typically achieved by the use of silver salts. Since silver salts can cause severe problems, such as cluster formation, fragmentation of polymer chains and end group cleavage, their substitution by alkali salts is highly desirable. Methods The influence of various cations (Ag+, Cs+ and Rb+) on the MALDI process of polystyrene (PS) mixtures and high mass polystyrenes was examined. The sample preparation was kept as straightforward as possible. Consequently, no recrystallization or other cleaning procedures were applied. Results The investigation of a polystyrene mixture showed that higher molecular polystyrenes could be more easily ionized using caesium, rather than rubidium or silver salts. In combination with the use of DCTB as matrix a high-mass polymer analysis could be achieved, which was demonstrated by the detection of a 1.1 MDa PS. Conclusions A fast, simple and robust MALDI sample preparation method for the analysis of ultra-high molecular weight polystyrenes based on the use of DCTB and caesium salts has been presented. The suitability of the presented method has been validated by using different mass spectrometers and detectors. KW - MALDI KW - Mega-dalton KW - Ionization KW - Caesium KW - Polystyrene KW - DCTB PY - 2015 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rcm.7197/full DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7197 SN - 0951-4198 SN - 1097-0231 VL - 29 IS - 11 SP - 1039 EP - 1046 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-33191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garaleh, M. A1 - Kricheldorf, H.R. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Yashiro, T. T1 - Hafnium chloride catalyzed polycondensation of Alpha, Omega-alkanediol with dicarboxylic acids or succinic anhydride JF - Journal of macromolecular science A KW - Polyester KW - Polycondensation KW - Hafnium KW - Cyclization PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/10601320903539199 SN - 1060-1325 SN - 1520-5738 VL - 47 IS - 4 SP - 303 EP - 308 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Philadelphia, PA AN - OPUS4-22953 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garaleh, M. A1 - Lahcini, M. A1 - Kricheldorf, H.R. A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Syntheses of aliphatic polyesters catalyzed by lanthanide triflates JF - Journal of polymer science A, polymer chemistry N2 - Polycondensations of 1,6-hexane diol and sebacic acid were conducted in bulk with addition of a lanthanide triflate as acidic catalyst. With exception of promethium triflate all lanthanide triflates were studied. A particularly low molecular weight was obtained with neodym triflate and the best results with samarium triflate. With Sm(OTf)3 weight average (Mw) values up to 65 kDa (uncorrected SEC data) were achieved after optimization of the reaction conditions. Comparison of these results with those obtained from bismuth, magnesium, and zinc triflates, on the one hand, and comparison with the acidities of all catalysts, on the other, indicates that the esterification mechanism involves complexation of monomer by metal ions. Preparation of multiblock copoly(ether ester)s failed due to insufficient incorporation of poly(tetrahydrofuran) diols. KW - Biodegradable polyesters KW - Lanthanide ions KW - Macrocycles KW - MALDI-TOF KW - Polycondensation PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.23136 SN - 0360-6376 SN - 0887-624X VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 170 EP - 177 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-19626 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gille, M. A1 - Viertel, A. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Hecht, S. T1 - Modular synthesis of monomers for on-surface polymerization to graphene architectures JF - Synlett N2 - We developed a modular synthesis of halogenated polycyclic aromatic monomers for on-surface polymerization to generate graphene wires, ribbons, and networks. KW - Graphene monomers KW - Graphene nanoribbons KW - Functionalized graphene nanoribbons KW - Graphene wires KW - Hexabenzocoronene KW - On-surface polymerization PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1317959 SN - 0936-5214 SN - 1437-2096 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 0259 EP - 0263 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-27621 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Rojano, N. A1 - Arias-Marin, E. A1 - Navarro-Rodriguez, D. A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Bidirectional Synthesis of a Series of 2,5- Dodecanoy-phenylene-ethynylene oligomers JF - Synlett N2 - A family of rigid rod like 2,5-dodecanoxy-phenyleneethynylene oligomers having 3, 5, 7, and 9 repeating units was selectively synthesized by a bi-directional iterative divergent-convergent approach. Starting from a central 1,4-bis(dodecanoxy)-2,5-diiodobenzene monomer, only two repetitive reactions were involved with each cycle of oligomerization: a Pd/Cu cross-coupling with the bifunctional monomer 1-(3,3-diethyltriazene)-2,5-bis(dodecanoxy)-4-(ethynyl)benzene, generating oligomers with terminal triazene groups, followed by a further nucleophilic substitution with iodine. KW - Conjugated oligomers KW - Phenyleneethynylenes KW - Tri­azenes KW - Aryl iodides KW - Sonoga PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-868474 SN - 0936-5214 SN - 1437-2096 IS - 8 SP - 1259 EP - 1262 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-11100 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grabicki, N. A1 - Nguyen, K. T. G. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Dumele, O. T1 - Confined Spaces in [n]Cyclo-2,7-pyrenylenes JF - Angewandte Chemie-International Edition N2 - A set of strained aromatic macrocycles based on [n]cyclo2,7-(4,5,9,10-tetrahydro)pyrenylenes is presented with size dependent photophysical properties. The K-region of pyrene was functionalized with ethylene glycol groups to decorate the outer rim and thereby confine the space inside the macrocycle. This confined space is especially pronounced for n = 5, which leads to an internal binding of up to 8.0×104 M–1 between the ether-decorated [5]cyclo-2,7-pyrenylene and shape complementary crown ether–cation complexes. Both, the ether-decorated [n]cyclo-pyrenylenes as well as one of their host–guest complexes have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis. In combination with computational methods the structural and thermodynamic reasons for the exceptionally strong binding have been elucidated. The presented rim confinement strategy makes cycloparaphenylenes an attractive supramolecular host family with a favorable, size-independent read-out signature and binding capabilities extending beyond fullerene guests. KW - Cycloparaphenylenes KW - Host–guest systems KW - Macrocycles KW - Molecular recognition KW - Supramolecular chemistry PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202102809 SN - 1433-7851 VL - 60 IS - 27 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley VCH AN - OPUS4-52517 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gross, J.H. A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Influence of Electric Field Strength and Emitter Temperature on Field Desorption Mass Spectra of Polyethylene Oligomers JF - European journal of mass spectrometry N2 - The influence of electric field strength and emitter temperature on dehydrogenation and C–C cleavage in field desorption (FD) mass spectrometry of polyethylene (PE) oligomers of average molecular weights ranging from 500 to 2000 is examined. Low mass oligomers yield molecular weight (MW) distributions that are basically in accordance with results from gel-permeation chromatography. For these materials, dehydrogenation can be greatly reduced by reduction of the emitter potential. Furthermore, the influence of emitter potential on MW distributions indicates the occurrence of field-induced C–C cleavages. Reliable MW distributions are more difficult to obtain from higher mass oligomers by FD-MS because of the need for higher field strength and higher emitter temperatures to effect their desorption/ionization. Experiments reveal that the application of FD-MS to PE oligomers is limited not only by field-induced but also by thermally-induced fragmentations. Even then, FD mass spectra contain valuable information on mass range and homogeneity of PE samples up to about m/z 3600. PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1255/ejms.300 SN - 1469-0667 SN - 1356-1049 SN - 1365-0718 IS - 6 SP - 11 EP - 17 PB - IM Publications CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-11098 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -