TY - JOUR
A1 - Enthaler, S.
A1 - Krackl, S.
A1 - Epping, J. D.
A1 - Eckhardt, B.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Fischer, A.
T1 - Iron-based pre-catalyst supported on polyformamidine for C-C bond formation
N2 - In the present study the incorporation of iron into an organic polymer, composed of formamidine subunits [R–N=C(H)–NH–R], has been examined. The catalytic ability of the recyclable material was investigated in the iron-catalyzed formation of C–C bonds. After optimization of the reaction conditions, excellent yields and chemoselectivities were feasible.
KW - Polyforamidine
KW - Synthesis
KW - Catalytic ability
PY - 2012
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2py00540a
SN - 1759-9954
SN - 1759-9962
VL - 3
IS - 3
SP - 751
EP - 756
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-25461
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kricheldorf, H.R.
A1 - Yashiro, T.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Isomerization-free polycondensations of maleic anhydride with alpha,omega-alkanediols
KW - Polymerisation
KW - Polykondensation
KW - MALDI Massenspektrometrie
PY - 2009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9009356
SN - 0024-9297
SN - 1520-5835
VL - 42
IS - 17
SP - 6433
EP - 6439
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-20930
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rösler, Alexander
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann
A1 - Müller, Axel HE
A1 - Schlaad, Helmut
T1 - Kinetics of anionic polymerization of β‐myrcene in hydrocarbon solvents
N2 - AbstractThe kinetics of anionic polymerization of β‐myrcene initiated by sec‐butyllithium were examined in saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents, i.e. cyclohexane, cyclohexene, 4‐vinylcyclohexene and dl‐limonene. Polymerizations usually proceeded in a living manner, i.e. in the absence of termination and chain transfer reactions, in all solvents, to produce well‐defined polymyrcenes with high content (85%) of cis‐1,4 units. However, polymyrcenyllithium chains exhibited limited long‐term stability in 4‐vinylcyclohexene solution, most probably due to chain transfer to solvent. Reaction orders with respect to the concentration of active chains were found to be one‐quarter in cyclohexane increasing to one‐half in unsaturated solvents, indicating that the polymyrcenyllithium chains are present as tetrameric or dimeric associates, respectively. Apparent activation energies were found to be 81 kJ mol−1 in cyclohexane and 77 kJ mol−1 in dl‐limonene solution, which are close to the values obtained by quantum chemical calculations. © 2025 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
KW - Myrcene
KW - Anionic polymerization
KW - Reaction order
KW - Activation energy
KW - Microstructure
KW - Quantum chemical calculation
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-636840
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6772
SN - 0959-8103
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-63684
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rösler, Alexander
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann
A1 - Müller, Axel HE
A1 - Schlaad, Helmut
T1 - Kinetics of anionic polymerization of β‐myrcene in hydrocarbon solvents
N2 - AbstractThe kinetics of anionic polymerization of β‐myrcene initiated by sec‐butyllithium were examined in saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents, i.e. cyclohexane, cyclohexene, 4‐vinylcyclohexene and dl‐limonene. Polymerizations usually proceeded in a living manner, i.e. in the absence of termination and chain transfer reactions, in all solvents, to produce well‐defined polymyrcenes with high content (85%) of cis‐1,4 units. However, polymyrcenyllithium chains exhibited limited long‐term stability in 4‐vinylcyclohexene solution, most probably due to chain transfer to solvent. Reaction orders with respect to the concentration of active chains were found to be one‐quarter in cyclohexane increasing to one‐half in unsaturated solvents, indicating that the polymyrcenyllithium chains are present as tetrameric or dimeric associates, respectively. Apparent activation energies were found to be 81 kJ mol−1 in cyclohexane and 77 kJ mol−1 in dl‐limonene solution, which are close to the values obtained by quantum chemical calculations. © 2025 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
KW - Myrcene
KW - Anionic polymerization
KW - MALDI TOF MS
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-649039
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6772
SN - 0959-8103
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-64903
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rösler, Alexander
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann
A1 - Müller, Axel H. E.
A1 - Schlaad, Helmut
T1 - Kinetics of anionic polymerization of β‐myrcene in hydrocarbon solvents
N2 - The kinetics of anionic polymerization of β‐myrcene initiated by sec‐butyllithium were examined in saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents, i.e. cyclohexane, cyclohexene, 4‐vinylcyclohexene and dl‐limonene. Polymerizations usually proceeded in a living manner, i.e. in the absence of termination and chain transfer reactions, in all solvents, to produce well‐defined polymyrcenes with high content (85%) of cis‐1,4 units. However, polymyrcenyllithium chains exhibited limited long‐term stability in 4‐vinylcyclohexene solution, most probably due to chain transfer to solvent. Reaction orders with respect to the concentration of active chains were found to be one‐quarter in cyclohexane increasing to one‐half in unsaturated solvents, indicating that the polymyrcenyllithium chains are present as tetrameric or dimeric associates, respectively. Apparent activation energies were found to be 81 kJ mol−1 in cyclohexane and 77 kJ mol−1 in dl‐limonene solution, which are close to the values obtained by quantum chemical calculations.
KW - MALDI-TOF MS
KW - Anionic polymerization
KW - β‐myrcene
KW - Kinetics
KW - Reaction order
KW - Activation energy
KW - Microstructure
KW - Quantum chemical calculations
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630900
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6772
SN - 1097-0126
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Wiley
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-63090
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - LC-MALDI Coupling for "quantitative" Analysis of Polymers
T2 - NIST
CY - Gaithersburg, MD, USA
DA - 2002-11-06
PY - 2002
AN - OPUS4-11138
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - LC-MALDI coupling for the analysis of polymers
T2 - National Meeting of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
CY - Strasbourg, France
DA - 2004-06-03
PY - 2004
AN - OPUS4-11308
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
ED - Li, L.
T1 - LC-MALDI MS for polymer characterization
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Polymers
PY - 2010
SN - 978-0-471-77579-9
N1 - Serientitel: Chemical analysis: a series of monographs on analytical chemistry and its applications – Series title: Chemical analysis: a series of monographs on analytical chemistry and its applications
VL - 175
IS - Chapter 11
SP - 247
EP - 265
PB - John Wiley & Sons
AN - OPUS4-26406
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
T1 - LC-MALDI-TOF imaging MS: a new approach in combining chromatography and mass spectrometry of copolymers
N2 - A new approach that utilizes MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry as a new detector for polymer chromatography is presented. For the first time, the individual retention behavior of single structural units of polyethylene oxide (PEO)/polypropylene oxide (PPO) copolymers and changes of the copolymer composition could be monitored. Composition specific calibration curves could be easily obtained by displaying the copolymer ion intensity data. This approach provides completely new insights in the chromatographic principle of copolymer separation and could be used to easily modify and adapt conditions for separation. In combination with electrospray deposition, homogeneous sample/matrix traces of surprisingly high spatial resolution could be obtained.
KW - MALDI
KW - Massenspektrometrie
KW - Imaging
KW - Chromatographie
KW - Polymere
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac202380n
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
VL - 83
IS - 23
SP - 9153
EP - 9158
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-24974
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bui, Minh
A1 - Heinekamp, Christian
A1 - Fuhry, Emil
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Ahrens, Mike
A1 - Scheurell, Kerstin
A1 - Balasubramanian, Kannan
A1 - Emmerling, Franziska
A1 - Braun, Thomas
T1 - Lewis-acid induced mechanochemical degradation of polyvinylidene fluoride: transformation into valuable products
N2 - Polyvinylidene fluoride (–[CH2CF2]n–, PVDF) waste poses significant environmental challenges due to its recalcitrant nature and widespread use. This study addresses the end-of-life management of PVDF by introducing a novel, sustainable mechanochemical approach for its valorisation. We investigated the degradation of PVDF into value-added materials using ball milling with anhydrous AlCl3 to achieve a quantitative mineralisation producing AlF3 and halide-functionalised graphite, along with gaseous products (HCl and CH4). Mechanistic key steps involve Lewis-acid catalysed C–F bond activation, dehydrofluorination and aromatisation. This approach provides an effective solution for PVDF waste management while offering a promising route for the production of high-value materials from polymer waste streams. Our findings contribute to sustainable practices in polymer recycling and resource recovery, respond to pressing environmental concerns associated with fluoropolymer disposal, and demonstrate the potential to convert polymer wastes into useful products.
KW - Mechanochemistry
KW - Polyvinylidenfluoride
KW - Degradation
KW - Ball mill
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-649015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sc05783c
SN - 2041-6520
VL - 16
IS - 40
SP - 18903
EP - 18910
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-64901
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Liquid Adsorption Chromatography near Critical Conditions of Adsorption coupled with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption / ionization Mass Spectrometry
T2 - 47th Conference of The American Society of Mass Spectrometry
CY - Dallas, TX, USA
DA - 1999-06-11
PY - 1999
AN - OPUS4-2240
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian
A1 - Schulz, Günter
A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter
A1 - Much, Helmut
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Liquid Adsorption Chromatography near Critical Conditions of Adsorption coupled with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
N2 - Chemical heterogeneities and molecular weight distributions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-co-polymethylene (PM) model oligomers, which are relevant to the synthesis of commonly used tensides, were investigated. For analytical characterization, the well-known principle of liquid adsorption chromatography at 'critical conditions' (LACCC) was modified. Near the critical conditions of adsorption of the PEO unit, e.g., at slight adsorption conditions of PM, the copolymers could be separated according to their PM chain length. The eluates were separated and single fractions of each peak were continuously transferred onto the MALDI target by means of a commercially available device. Simultaneously, the MALDI matrix solution was continuously added with a second pump. This procedure offers the possibility of the formation of homogeneous matrix-polymer textures. By MALDI-MS a complete characterization of the chemical composition (PEO and PM chain length) of each peak could be achieved. The obtained MALDI mass spectra of the eluates at different retention times could be used for the molecular weight calibration of the LAC system. In this way, an additional application of SEC, as in conventional 2D-chromatography, was avoided by using the MALDI method as quasi chromatographic separation
KW - Liquid adsorption chromatography
KW - Matrix-assisted laser desorption
KW - Ionization mass spectrometry
KW - Coupling methods
KW - MALDI
PY - 2000
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/10236660008034644
SN - 1023-666X
SN - 1563-5341
VL - 5
SP - 549
EP - 562
PB - Gordon and Breach Publ.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-2168
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian
A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter
A1 - Schulz, Günter
A1 - Much, Helmut
T1 - Liquid Adsorption Chromatography near Critical Conditions of Adsorption coupled with Matrix-assisted Laser/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
T2 - 47th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics
CY - Dallas, TX, USA
DA - 1999-06-13
PY - 1999
CY - Dallas, Tex
AN - OPUS4-2165
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kricheldorf, H.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Low Molar Mass Cyclic Poly(L-lactide)s: Separate Transesterification Reactions of Cycles and Linear Chains in the Solid State
N2 - L-Lactide (LA) was polymerized with neat tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (SnOct2) in toluene at 115 °C at low concentration with variation of the LA/Cat ratio. Cyclic polylactides (cPLAs) with number average molecular weights (Mn) between 7 000 and 17 000 were obtained. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry also revealed the formation of a few percent of linear chains. Crystalline cPLAs with Mn around 9 000 and 14 000 were annealed at 140 °C in the presence of ScOct2 or dibutyl-2-stanna-1,3-dithiolane (DSTL). Simultaneously, crystallites of extended linear chains and crystallites of extended cycles were formed regardless of the catalyst, indicating that transesterification reaction proceeded different for linear chains and for cycles, governed by thermodynamic control. The formation of extended chain crystallites with low dispersity indicates the existence of symproportionation of short and long chains. A complementary experiment was carried out with a PLA ethyl ester composed mainly of linear chains with a small fraction of cycles
KW - Polylactide
KW - MALDI-TOF MS
KW - Annealing
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-606228
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM00567H
SN - 1744-6848
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
AN - OPUS4-60622
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Scheliga, F.
A1 - Kricheldorf, H.R.
T1 - Low-temperature polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone catalyzed by cerium triflates
N2 - Using 22 metal triflates as catalysts, ε-caprolactone is polymerized at 22 °C in bulk. Only five relatively acidic triflates prove active. Three triflates, including the neutral Sm3+, are active using water as initiator. A very low content of cyclics is found in all the experiments. With Ce3+ and Ce4+, polymerizations are performed in CH2Cl2 and in bulk at 2 °C and 22 °C. Low dispersities (down to 1.1) are obtained. At 22 °C, Ce4+ and, even better, Ce3+ also catalyze syntheses of CO2H- and CH2OH-terminated polycaprolactones, whereby higher dispersities and larger fractions of cyclics are obtained. Further polymerizations and polycondensations are catalyzed with protic acids. The results can be explained by a proton-catalyzed activated monomer mechanism.
KW - Epsilon-caprolactone
KW - Cyclization
KW - Metal triflates
KW - Polycondensation
KW - Ring-opening polymerization
PY - 2013
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201300279
SN - 1022-1352
SN - 1521-3935
VL - 214
IS - 18
SP - 2043
EP - 2053
PB - Wiley-VCH Verl.
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-29219
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - MALDI Mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers – making molecular elephants to fly
N2 - The importance of MALDI TOF mass spectrometry for the analysis of synthetic polymers is shown and some specific issues influencing the analysis e.g. polymer mass dispersity, matrix and matrix homogeneity, nature of cations and end groups, sequence distribution are discussed by means of examples.
T2 - Merck Polymer Seminar
CY - Online meeting
DA - 29.04.2021
KW - MALDI-ToF MS
KW - Ionization
KW - Desorption
KW - Polymers
PY - 2021
AN - OPUS4-52545
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - MALDI-MS - supplementary to chromatographic techniques in characterizing chemical heterogeneity of oligomer ethylene terephthalates
T2 - GdCH - Jahrestagung (Arbeitskreis Chromatographie)
CY - Leipzig, Germany
DA - 1995-11-06
PY - 1995
AN - OPUS4-11119
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Knappe, Patrick
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
T1 - MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry of artifacts in 'dried droplet' polymer samples
N2 - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-timeof-flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging of polystyrenes with various molecular masses was applied to study spatial molecular mass distribution of polymers in sample spots prepared by the 'dried droplet' method. When different solvents and target surfaces were examined, a segregation of single homologous polymers was observed depending upon the evaporation rate of the solvent. For the observed Patterns left by the evaporating droplet, a hypothesis is offered taking into account different hydrodynamic interactions and diffusion.
The results illustrate that spot preparation using the conventionally 'dried droplet' method is prone to artifacts and should be avoided for reliable and reproducible MALDI mass spectrometry experiments with regards to the Determination of molecular masses and mass distributions.
KW - MALDI
KW - Mass spectrometry imaging
KW - Polymer
KW - Droplet
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4773-1
SN - 1618-2642
SN - 1618-2650
VL - 401
IS - 1
SP - 127
EP - 134
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-24538
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the analysis of synthetic polymers
T2 - eingelad. Vortrag im National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
CY - Tsukuba, Japan
DA - 2006-09-14
PY - 2006
AN - OPUS4-13827
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry for the characterization of biobased polymers suitable for depollution
N2 - In this work, bio-based polymers were synthesized and designed as polymers phases for adsorption of a variety of pollutants from aqueous solutions. The obtained adsorption results showed that the integration of bio-sourced synthons generate attractive hydrophilicity, and wettability of the resulting adsorbent phase. Such polymers phases enable stronger interactions with the organic and inorganic pollutants in water.
A wide variety of different bio-based polymers structures (e. g. poly(ethersulfones, poly(etherphosphines or poly(etherpyridines) with different functional groups were successfully designed in order to adapt chemical structure to different pollutants type and matrice nature.
In order to characterize and to determine the correlation between polymer structures and nature of interaction with pollutants, different analytical technics (NMR, GPC, ATG, DSC, Mass spectrometry) were successfully used. Amongst them, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry plays a superior role since this technique enables the simultaneous determination of the polymer structure, polymer end groups and molecular weight.
This work focusses on the characterization of synthesized polymers. The chemical structure of the repeating unit, the nature of the end groups, as well as the molecular weight, which are all important for the specific interactions of the polymer with the pollutants were clearly determined and suggestions to improve these interactions by changing the synthetic pathway could be given.
T2 - 12. Journees maghreb-europe. Matériaux et Applications aux Dispositifs et Capteurs
CY - Monastir, Tunisia
DA - 08.11.2022
KW - MALDI TOF MS
KW - Biobased polymers
KW - Depollution
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56237
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - MALDI-TOF-MS of low-molar mass polyethylene and waxes
T2 - 49th Conference of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry
CY - Chicago, IL, USA
DA - 2001-05-25
PY - 2001
AN - OPUS4-11302
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - MALDI/MS - A New Technique in Characterizing Chemical Heterogeneity of Degradation Products of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)s
T2 - International GPC Symposium '96
CY - San Diego, CA, USA
DA - 1996-09-08
PY - 1996
AN - OPUS4-11125
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Kühn, Gerhard
A1 - Just, Ulrich
A1 - Werthmann, Barbara
A1 - Decker, Renate
A1 - Schwarz, Bärbel
A1 - Borowski, Renate
T1 - MALDI/MS - A New Technique in Characterizing Chemical Heterogeneity of Degradation Products of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)s
T2 - International GPC Symposium '96
CY - San Diego, CA, USA
DA - 1996-09-08
PY - 1996
SP - 632
EP - 651
CY - Milford, Mass.
AN - OPUS4-11905
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gruendling, T.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
A1 - Barner-Kowollik, C.
T1 - Mass spectrometry in polymer chemistry: a state-of-the-art up-date
N2 - Two decades after the introduction of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI), soft ionization mass spectrometry represents a powerful toolset for the structural investigation of synthetic polymers. The present review highlights the current state-of-the-art, covering the latest developments of novel techniques, enabling instrumentation as well as the important applications of soft ionization MS from the beginning of 2008. Special attention is paid to the role that soft ionization MS has played in the mechanistic investigation of radical polymerization processes since 2005.
KW - Polymerization mechanisms
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - LC-MS coupling
PY - 2010
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b9py00347a
SN - 1759-9954
SN - 1759-9962
VL - 1
IS - 5
SP - 599
EP - 617
AN - OPUS4-21906
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Trimpin, S.
T1 - Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Polymers
KW - Mass Spectrometry
KW - Polymers
KW - Application
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac8006413
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
VL - 80
IS - 12
SP - 4349
EP - 4361
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-17718
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Trimpin, s.
T1 - Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Polymers
KW - Polymere
KW - Massenspektrometrie
KW - MALDI
PY - 2010
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101080n
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
VL - 82
IS - 12
SP - 4811
EP - 4829
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-21623
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
ED - Matyjaszewski, K.
ED - Möller, M.
T1 - Mass spectrometry: MALDI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) and ESI (Electrospray Ionization)
N2 - In recent years mass spectrometric methods, in particular matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) have become indispensable tools for analyzing molecular masses and mass distributions of polymers. Moreover, these techniques offer the advantage of being able to determine simultaneously chemical functionality, and compositional and topological distributions of polymers. Especially in combination with liquid and/or gas phase separation methods, a comprehensive polymer characterization can be achieved and the difficulties of MS to analyze chemically heterogeneous polymers, copolymers, and samples with broad molecular mass distribution can be overcome.
KW - MALDI
KW - ESI
KW - Polymer
KW - Electrospray ionization
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
KW - Tandem MS
KW - Time of flight
PY - 2012
SN - 978-0-444-53349-4
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53349-4.00023-6
VL - 2
SP - 93
EP - 109
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-26098
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gabriel, Stefan
A1 - Schwarzinger, C.
A1 - Schwarzinger, B.
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Matrix segregation as the major cause for sample inhomogeneity in MALDI dried droplet spots
N2 - The segregation in dried droplet MALDI sample spots was analyzed with regard to the matrix-to-sample ratio using optical microscopy, MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI MSI) and IR imaging spectroscopy. In this context, different polymer/matrix/solvent systems usually applied in the analysis of synthetic polymers were investigated. The use of typical matrix concentrations (10 mg mL-1) in almost every case resulted in ring patterns, whereas higher concentrated matrix solutions always led to homogeneous sample spot layers. The data revealed that segregation is predominantly caused by matrix transport in the drying droplet, whereas polymer segregation seems to be only secondary.
KW - MALDI
KW - Imaging MS
KW - Matrix segregation
KW - Dried droplet
KW - Sample preparation
KW - Polymers
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-014-0913-0
SN - 1044-0305
VL - 25
IS - 8
SP - 1356
EP - 1363
PB - American Society for Mass Spectrometry
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-32582
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fischer, J.L.
A1 - Lutomski, C.A.
A1 - El-Baba, T.J.
A1 - Siriwardena-Mahanama, B.N.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana
A1 - Allen, M. J.
A1 - Trimpin, S.
T1 - Matrix-assisted ionization-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry: Selective analysis of a europium-PEG complex in a crude mixture
N2 - The analytical utility of a new and simple to use ionization method, matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) is used to characterize a 2-armed europium(III)-containing poly(ethylene glycol) (Eu-PEG) complex directly from a crude sample. MAI was used with the matrix 1,2-dicyanobenzene, which affords low chemical background relative to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). MAI provides high ion abundance of desired products in comparison to ESI and MALDI. Inductively coupled plasma-MS measurements were used to estimate a maximum of 10% of the crude sample by mass was the 2-arm Eu-PEG complex, supporting evidence of selective ionization of Eu-PEG complexes using the new MAI matrix, 1,2-dicyanobenzene. Multiply charged ions formed in MAI enhance the IMS gas-phase separation, especially relative to the singly charged ions observed with MALDI. Individual components are cleanly separated and readily identified, allowing characterization of the 2-arm Eu-PEG conjugate from a mixture of the 1-arm Eu-PEG complex and unreacted starting materials. Size-exclusion chromatography, liquid chromatography at critical conditions, MALDI-MS, ESI-MS, and ESI-IMS-MS had difficulties with this analysis, or failed.
KW - Matrix-assisted ionization ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry
KW - Europium
KW - Poly(ethylene glycol)
KW - Size-exclusion chromatography
KW - Liquid chromatography at critical conditions
KW - Electrospray ionization
KW - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
KW - Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
KW - ESI
KW - MALDI
KW - SEC
PY - 2015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-015-1233-8
SN - 1044-0305
VL - 26
IS - 12
SP - 2086
EP - 2095
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-35283
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Kricheldorf, H. R.
T1 - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization behavior of neat linear and cyclic poly(L-lactide)s and their blends
N2 - Numerous new tin catalysts that enable the synthesis of cyclic polylactides with broad variation in their molecular mass were recently developed. The abundance of cyclics in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra is, however, frequently reported to greatly exceed that of linears. Thus, the MALDI ionization behavior of various end-capped linear poly(L-lactide)s and one cyclic poly(L-lactide) was investigated and compared.
Neat compounds and various blends of cyclic and linear species were prepared and studied under identical conditions with regard to sample preparation and instrumental condition, except for the laser power. For this purpose, two different MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers were applied.
Our results reveal that cyclics indeed show a slightly better ionization in MALDI, although their ionization as a neat compound seems to be less effective than that of linear polylactides. The ionization of most linear polylactides investigated does not depend on the end group structure. However, linear polylactides containing 12-bromododecyl end groups reveal an unexpected saturation effect that is not caused by fragmentation of the polymer or the end group, or by electronic saturation of the detector digitizer. Furthermore, polylactides with a 2-bromoethyl end group did not show such a saturation effect.
An overestimation of cyclic species in MALDI-TOF mass spectra of poly(L-lactide)s must be considered, but the commonly assumed peak suppression of linear polymers in mixtures of both structures can be excluded.
KW - Polylactide
KW - MALDI-TOF MS
KW - Blends
KW - Ionization
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-504216
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8673
VL - 34
SP - e8673
PB - Wiley Online Libary
AN - OPUS4-50421
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Schultze, R.-D.
A1 - Enthaler, B.
T1 - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry of pollen grains and their mixtures
N2 - RATIONALE
The fast and univocal identification of different species in mixtures of pollen grains is still a challenge. Apart from microscopic evaluation and Raman spectroscopy, no other techniques are available.
METHODS
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of extracts of single pollen grains and pollen mixtures. Pollen grains were fixed, treated and covered with matrix directly on the MALDI target.
RESULTS
Clearly resolved MALDI ion intensity images could be obtained enabling the identification of single pollen grains in a mixture.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate the potential and the suitability of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry as an additional method for the identification of pollen mixtures.
KW - MALDI
KW - Imaging
KW - Pollen
KW - Blends
PY - 2013
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6523
SN - 0951-4198
SN - 1097-0231
VL - 27
IS - 8
SP - 896
EP - 903
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-27986
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krause, Benjamin Christoph
A1 - Seifert, Stephan
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Kneipp, Janina
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric investigation of pollen and their classification by multivariate statistics
N2 - RATIONALE
A fast and reliable online identification of pollen is not yet available. The identification of pollen is based mainly on the evaluation of morphological data obtained by microscopic methods.
METHODS
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was applied to the analysis of extracts and milled pollen samples. The obtained MALDI data were explored for characteristic peak patterns which could be subjected to a multivariate statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Two sample preparation methods are presented, which require only minimal or no chemical extraction of the pollen. MALDI pollen spectra could be recorded showing various peak patterns. A multivariate statistics approach allowed the classification of pollen into clusters indicating similarities and differences between various species.
CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate the potential and the reliability of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification and, in combination with multivariate statistics, also for the classification of pollen.
KW - MALDI TOF mass spectrometry
KW - Pollen
KW - Multivariate statistics
PY - 2012
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6202
SN - 0951-4198
SN - 1097-0231
VL - 26
IS - 9
SP - 1032
EP - 1038
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-25648
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Holländer, A.
A1 - Kühn, Gerhard
T1 - Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry of C36- Alkane degradated by Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation
PY - 1997
SN - 0951-4198
SN - 1097-0231
VL - 11
SP - 447
EP - 450
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-11095
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gabriel, Stefan
A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar
A1 - Schwarzinger, C.
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric imaging of synthetic polymer sample spots prepared using ionic liquid matrices
N2 - RATIONALE
Polymer sample spots for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) prepared by the dried-droplet method often reveal ring formation accompanied by possible segregation of matrix and sample molecules as well as of the polymer homologs itself. Since the majority of sample spots are prepared by this simple and fast method, a matrix or sample preparation method that excludes such segregation has to be found.
METHODS
Three different ionic liquid matrices based on conventionally used aromatic compounds for MALDI-TOF MS were prepared. The formation of ionic liquids was proven by 1H NMR spectroscopy. MALDI-Imaging mass spectrometry was applied to monitor the homogeneity.
RESULTS
Our results show a superior sample spot homogeneity using ionic liquid matrices. Spots could be sampled several times without visible differences in the mass spectra. A frequently observed loss of matrix in the mass spectrometer vacuum was not observed. The necessary laser irradiance was reduced, which resulted in less polymer fragmentation.
CONCLUSIONS
Ionic liquid matrices can be used to overcome segregation, a typical drawback of conventional MALDI dried-droplet preparations. Homogeneous sample spots are easy to prepare, stable in the MS vacuum and, thereby, improve the reproducibility of MALDI.
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6810
SN - 0951-4198
SN - 1097-0231
VL - 28
IS - 5
SP - 489
EP - 498
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-30267
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Diehn, Sabrina
A1 - Zimmermann, B.
A1 - Bagcioglu, M.
A1 - Seifert, Stephan
A1 - Kohler, A.
A1 - Ohlson, M.
A1 - Fjellheim, S.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Kneipp, Janina
T1 - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) shows adaption of grass pollen composition
N2 - MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a widely used tool for the classification of biological samples. The complex chemical composition of pollen grains leads to highly specific, fingerprint-like mass spectra, with respect to the pollen species. Beyond the species-specific composition, the variances in pollen chemistry can be hierarchically structured, including the level of different populations, of environmental conditions or different genotypes. We demonstrate here the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS regarding the adaption of the chemical composition of three Poaceae (grass) pollen for different populations of parent plants by analyzing the mass spectra with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Thereby, variances in species, population and specific growth conditions of the plants were observed simultaneously. In particular, the chemical pattern revealed by the MALDI spectra enabled discrimination of the different populations of one species. Specifically, the role of environmental changes and their effect on the pollen chemistry of three different grass species is discussed. Analysis of the Group formation within the respective populations showed a varying influence of plant genotype on the classification, depending on the species, and permits conclusions regarding the respective rigidity or plasticity towards environmental changes.
KW - Pollen
KW - MALDI-TOF MS
KW - Classification
KW - Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)
KW - Principal component analysis (PCA)
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-465294
DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34800-1
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 8
IS - 1
SP - 16591, 1
EP - 11
PB - Nature
AN - OPUS4-46529
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Mechanism of homogeneously catalyzed polymerization of liquid-crystalline sidegroup monomers investigated by means of MALDI-TOF-MS (No. 433)
T2 - 219th ACS National Meeting
CY - San Francisco, CA, USA
DA - 2000-03-26
PY - 2000
AN - OPUS4-11314
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scholz, Philipp
A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander
A1 - Joshi, Y.
A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Microstructure of polymer-imprinted metal–organic frameworks determined by absorption edge tomography
N2 - Mechanochemically synthesized metal–organic Framework material HKUST-1 in combination with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer was used to form a polymer metal–organic framework composite material by a simple extruder.
This composite filament was used for 3D printing. Xray diffraction measurements were used to prove the homogeneous distribution of the metal–organic framework in the polymer on a centimeter scale, whereas X-ray Absorption Edge Tomography using a synchrotron radiation source was able to evaluate the 3D distribution of the metal–organic framework material both in the filament and the resultant printed sample with a resolution of a few lm. Our very first data indicate that, apart from a few clusters having significantly higher Cu concentration, HKUST-1 is distributed homogeneously down to the 100 lm length scale in both polymer bulk materials in the form of clusters with a size of a few lm. Absorption Edge Tomography in combination with data fusion also allows for the calculation of the metal–organic framework amount located on the external polymer surface.
KW - MOF
KW - Polymer
KW - AET
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111817
SN - 1862-5282
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Carl Hanser Verlag
AN - OPUS4-49483
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Lippitz, Andreas
A1 - Geng, Sh.
A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo
A1 - Kühn, Gerhard
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Modelling plasma-induced reactions on polymer surfaces using aliphatic self-assembling and LB layers
PY - 1998
SN - 0257-8972
VL - 98
SP - 1132
EP - 1141
PB - Elsevier Science
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-6999
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gille, M.
A1 - Viertel, A.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Hecht, S.
T1 - Modular synthesis of monomers for on-surface polymerization to graphene architectures
N2 - We developed a modular synthesis of halogenated polycyclic aromatic monomers for on-surface polymerization to generate graphene wires, ribbons, and networks.
KW - Graphene monomers
KW - Graphene nanoribbons
KW - Functionalized graphene nanoribbons
KW - Graphene wires
KW - Hexabenzocoronene
KW - On-surface polymerization
PY - 2013
DO - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1317959
SN - 0936-5214
SN - 1437-2096
VL - 24
IS - 2
SP - 0259
EP - 0263
PB - Thieme
CY - Stuttgart
AN - OPUS4-27621
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kricheldorf, H.R.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Lahcini, M.
T1 - Multicyclic polyesters of trimesic acid and alkanediols and the theory of network formation
N2 - Trimesoyl chloride is polycondensed with various alpha,omega'-alkanediols in dichloromethane at different concentrations using equifunctional feed ratios. As evidenced by MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight) mass spectrometry the soluble reaction products mainly consist of perfect multicyclic oligomers and polymers. The solphase extracted from the gels also consists of perfect multicycles. SEC (size exclusion chromatography) measurements show that both soluble reaction products and extracted solphases also contain a high molar mass fraction of perfect and nonperfect multicycles extending up to masses beyond 10 5 g mol-1. When the polycondensation is stopped after a few minutes perfect multicycles are already detectable in the reaction mixture along with functional (multi)cyclic oligomers. These results prove that at initial monomer concentrations < 0.2 mol L-1 networks and large multicyclic polymers are synthesized from functional cyclic oligomers formed in early stages of the polycondensation and not from hyperbranched polymers. This interpretation is presented as 'egg-first theory' and compared with the 'hen-first theory' of Stockmayer and Flory.
KW - a2 + b3 polycondensation
KW - Cyclization
KW - MALDI
KW - Multicyclic polymers
KW - Networks
PY - 2015
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201500245
SN - 1022-1352
SN - 1521-3935
VL - 216
IS - 21
SP - 2095
EP - 2106
PB - Wiley-VCH Verl.
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-35282
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lauer, Franziska
A1 - Diehn, Sabrina
A1 - Seifert, Stephan
A1 - Kneipp, Janina
A1 - Sauerland, V.
A1 - Barahona, C.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Multivariate analysis of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry data of mixtures of single pollen grains
N2 - Mixtures of pollen grains of three different species (Corylus avellana, Alnus cordata, and Pinus sylvestris) were investigated by matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF imaging MS). The amount of pollen grains was reduced stepwise from > 10 to single pollen grains. For sample pretreatment, we modified a previously applied approach, where any additional extraction steps were omitted.
Our results show that characteristic pollen MALDI mass spectra can be obtained from a single pollen grain, which is the prerequisite for a reliable pollen classification in practical applications. MALDI imaging of laterally resolved pollen grains provides additional information by reducing the complexity of the MS spectra of mixtures, where frequently peak discrimination is observed. Combined with multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis (PCA), our approach offers the chance for a fast and reliable identification of individual pollen grains by mass spectrometry.
KW - MALDI Imaging MS
KW - Pollen grains
KW - Multivariate Statistics
KW - Hierarchical cluster analysis
KW - Principal component analysis
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-018-2036-5
SN - 1044-0305
SN - 1879-1123
VL - 29
IS - 11
SP - 2237
EP - 2247
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-45607
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Multivariate statistics applied to MALDI-TOF MS data of pollen samples
N2 - Pollen represent one major cause for human allergic diseases. Currently the characterization and identification of pollen is time-consuming since it mainly relies on the microscopic determination of the genus-specific pollen morphology. A variety of new analytical approaches, like Raman - and fluorescence spectroscopy have been proposed in order to develop fast and reliable pollen identification. Recently matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was initially applied for the rapid investigation of such complex biological samples. Taxonomic differences and relations of single pollen grains could be identified.
Both commercially available lyophilized pollen and fresh pollen acquired from biological samples collected in parks and in the Botanical Garden Berlin in the years 2013-2015 were investigated. The samples were prepared by formic acid extraction in the gas phase and spotted with HCCA matrix. A variety of new approaches, like a newly developed MALDI target with micrometer sample spots sizes, were tested for their suitability. The obtained mass spectral data were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA).
The applicability of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the classification of pollen according to their taxonomic relationships was proven. Specifically, chemical differences in the mass spectra at the levels of plant order, genus and in many cases even of species could be identified. Based on these results, further investigations have been undertaken to optimize the sample preparation for the classification of single pollen grains in mixtures of pollens. A novel MALDI-target design was developed to enhance the phenotypic information of pollens in their mass spectra. The combination of mass spectral patterns and multivariate statistics provide a powerful tool for the investigation of structural correlations within mixtures. The results can be used to improve the reconstruction of taxonomic relations of single species in various mixtures and might be useful for the development of a fast routine method to identify pollen based on mass spectrometry.
T2 - 64th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics
CY - San Antonio, TX, USA
DA - 05.06.2016
KW - Pollen
KW - MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
KW - Multivariate statistics
PY - 2016
AN - OPUS4-36837
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chabbah, T.
A1 - Chatti, S.
A1 - Zouaoui, F.
A1 - Jlalia, A.
A1 - Gaiji, H.
A1 - Abderrazak, H.
A1 - Casablanca, H.
A1 - Mercier, R.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Errachid, A.
A1 - Marestin, C.
A1 - Jaffrezic-Renault, N.
T1 - New poly(ether-phosphoramide)s sulfides based on green resources as sensitive films for the specific impedimetric detection of nickel ions
N2 - For the development of selective and sensitive chemical sensors, we have developed a new family of poly(etherphosphoramide) polymers. These polymers were obtained with satisfactory yields by nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation using isosorbide as green resources, and bisphenol A with two novel difluoro phosphinothioic amide monomers. Unprecedented, the thiophosphorylated aminoheterocycles monomers, functionalized with two heterocyclic amine, N-methylpiperazine and morpholine were successfully obtained by nucleophilic substitution reaction of P(S)–Cl compound. The resulting polymers were characterized by different analytical techniques (NMR, MALDI–ToF MS, GPC, DSC, and ATG). The resulting partially green polymers, having tertiary phosphine sulfide with P–N side chain functionalities along the main chain of polymers are the sensitive film at the surface of a gold electrode for the impedimetric detection of Cd, Ni, Pb and Hg. The bio-based poly(etherphosphoramide) functionalized with N-methylpiperazine modified sensor showed better analytical performance
than petrochemical based polymers for the detection of Ni2+. A detection limit of 50 pM was obtained which is very low compared to the previously published electrochemical sensors for nickel detection.
KW - Poly(ether-phosphoramide)s sulfides
KW - Green chemistry
KW - Polymer film
KW - MALDI TOF MS
PY - 2022
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123550
VL - 247
IS - 123550
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-54980
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Trimpin, Sarah
A1 - Yenchick, Frank S.
A1 - Lee, Chuping
A1 - Hoang, Khoa
A1 - Pophristic, Milan
A1 - Karki, Santosh
A1 - Marshall, Darrell D.
A1 - Lu, I-Chung
A1 - Lutomski, Corinne A.
A1 - El-Baba, Tarick J.
A1 - Wang, Beixi
A1 - Pagnotti, Vincent S.
A1 - Meher, Anil K.
A1 - Chakrabarty, Shubhashis
A1 - Imperial, Lorelei F.
A1 - Madarshahian, Sara
A1 - Richards, Alicia L.
A1 - Lietz, Christopher B.
A1 - Moreno-Pedraza, Abigail
A1 - Leach, Samantha M.
A1 - Gibson, Stephen C.
A1 - Elia, Efstathios A.
A1 - Thawoos, Shameemah M.
A1 - Woodall, Daniel W.
A1 - Jarois, Dean R.
A1 - Davis, Eric T.J.
A1 - Liao, Guochao
A1 - Muthunayake, Nisansala S.
A1 - Redding, McKenna J.
A1 - Reynolds, Christian A.
A1 - Anthony, Thilani M.
A1 - Vithanarachchi, Sashiprabha M.
A1 - DeMent, Paul
A1 - Adewale, Adeleye O.
A1 - Yan, Lu
A1 - Wager-Miller, James
A1 - Ahn, Young-Hoon
A1 - Sanderson, Thomas H.
A1 - Przyklenk, Karin
A1 - Greenberg, Miriam L.
A1 - Suits, Arthur G.
A1 - Allen, Matthew J.
A1 - Narayan, Srinivas B.
A1 - Caruso, Joseph A.
A1 - Stemmer, Paul M.
A1 - Nguyen, Hien M.
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Rackers, Kevin J.
A1 - Djuric, Ana
A1 - Shulaev, Vladimir
A1 - Hendrickson, Tamara L.
A1 - Chow, Christine S.
A1 - Pflum, Mary Kay H.
A1 - Grayson, Scott M.
A1 - Lobodin, Vladislav V.
A1 - Guo, Zhongwu
A1 - Ni, Chi-Kung
A1 - Walker, J. Michael
A1 - Mackie, Ken
A1 - Inutan, Ellen D.
A1 - McEwen, Charles N.
T1 - New Processes for Ionizing Nonvolatile Compounds in Mass Spectrometry: The Road of Discovery to Current State-of-the-Art
N2 - This Perspective covers discovery and mechanistic aspects aswell as initial applications of novel ionization processes for use in massspectrometry that guided us in a series of subsequent discoveries, instrumentdevelopments, and commercialization. Vacuum matrix-assisted ionization onan intermediate pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization sourcewithout the use of a laser, high voltages, or any other added energy wassimply unbelievable, at first. Individually and as a whole, the variousdiscoveries and inventions started to paint, inter alia, an exciting new pictureand outlook in mass spectrometry from which key developments grew thatwere at the time unimaginable, and continue to surprise us in its simplisticpreeminence. We, and others, have demonstrated exceptional analyticalutility. Our current research is focused on how best to understand, improve, and use these novel ionization processes throughdedicated platforms and source developments. These ionization processes convert volatile and nonvolatile compounds from solid orliquid matrixes into gas-phase ions for analysis by mass spectrometry using, e.g., mass-selected fragmentation and ion mobilityspectrometry to provide accurate, and sometimes improved, mass and drift time resolution. The combination of research anddiscoveries demonstrated multiple advantages of the new ionization processes and established the basis of the successes that lead tothe Biemann Medal and this Perspective. How the new ionization processes relate to traditional ionization is also presented, as wellas how these technologies can be utilized in tandem through instrument modification and implementation to increase coverage ofcomplex materials through complementary strengths.
KW - Mass spectrometry
PY - 2024
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.3c00122
SN - 1879-1123
VL - 35
IS - 12
SP - 2753
EP - 2784
PB - American Chemical Society (ACS)
AN - OPUS4-61417
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Thünemann, Andreas
A1 - Knappe, Patrick
A1 - Bienert, Ralf
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
T1 - Online coupling of field-flow fractionation with SAXS and DLS for polymer analysis
N2 - We report on a hyphenated polymer analysis method consisting of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) coupled online with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). A mixture of six poly(styrene sulfonate)s with molar masses in the range of 6.5 × 103 to 1.0 × 106 g mol-1 was used as a model system for polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions with a broad molar mass distribution. A complete polymer separation and analysis was performed in 60 min. Detailed information for all polymer fractions are available on i) the radii of gyration, which were determined from the SAXS data interpretation in terms of the Debye model (Gaussian chains), and ii) the diffusion coefficients (from DLS). We recommend using the A4F-SAXS-DLS coupling as a possible new reference method for the detailed analysis of complex polymer mixtures. Advantages of the use of SAXS are seen in comparison to static light scattering for polymers with radii of gyration smaller then 15 nm, for which only SAXS produces precise analytical results on the size of the polymers in solution.
PY - 2009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b9ay00107g
SN - 1759-9660
SN - 1759-9679
VL - 1
SP - 177
EP - 182
PB - RSC Publ.
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-20567
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Wolff, D.
A1 - Springer, J.
T1 - Phase Behaviour of Copolymers Containing Cholesterol and 4,4' Methoxybiphenyl as Mesogenic Group
PY - 1996
SN - 0267-8292
SN - 1366-5855
VL - 20
IS - 5
SP - 587
EP - 593
PB - Taylor & Francis
CY - London
AN - OPUS4-11094
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian
A1 - Kühn, Gerhard
A1 - Mix, Renate
A1 - Retzko, Iris
A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
ED - Mittal, K. L.
T1 - Plasma polymer adhesion promoters for metal-polymer systems
T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
CY - Newark, NJ, USA
DA - 2001-12-03
KW - r.f. pulsed plasma
KW - Plasma polymers with functional groups
KW - Copolymers
KW - Adhesion promoting interlayers
KW - Metal-polymer systems
PY - 2003
SN - 90-6764-378-5
VL - 2
SP - 359
EP - 388
PB - VSP
CY - Utrecht
AN - OPUS4-6967
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Lippitz, Andreas
A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo
A1 - Kühn, Gerhard
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Vogel, Lydia
ED - Mittal, K.
T1 - Plasma Pretreatment of Polymer Surfaces - Relevance to Adhesion of Metals
T2 - 5th Symposium on Metallized Plastics ; 6th Symposium on Metallized Plastics
CY - Los Angeles, CA, USA
DA - 1996-05-05
PY - 1998
SN - 90-6764-290-8
SP - 271
EP - 293
PB - VSP
CY - Utrecht
AN - OPUS4-6987
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Kühn, Gerhard
A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Lippitz, Andreas
T1 - Plasmaoxidative Degradation of Polymers Studied by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
PY - 1996
SN - 0951-4198
SN - 1097-0231
VL - 10
SP - 727
EP - 732
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-7004
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lüdecke, Nils
A1 - Weidner, Steffen
A1 - Schlaad, Helmut
T1 - Poly(2‐oxazoline) s Based on Phenolic Acids
N2 - A series of phenolic-acid-based 2-oxazoline monomers with methoxysubstituted phenyl and cinnamyl side chains is synthesized and polymerized in a microwave reactor at 140 °C using methyl tosylate as the initiator. The obtained poly(2-oxazoline)s are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, MALDITOF mass spectrometry, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Kinetic studies reveal that the microwave-assisted polymerization is fast and completed within less than ≈10 min for low monomer-to-initiator ratios of ≤25.
Polymers with number-average molar masses of up to 6500 g mol−1 and low dispersity (1.2–1.3) are produced. The aryl methyl ethers are successfully cleaved with aluminum triiodide/N,N′ diisopropylcarbodiimide to give a poly(2-oxazoline) with pendent catechol groups.
KW - 2-oxazoline
KW - Catechol
KW - Cationic ring opening polymerization
KW - Microwave
KW - Phenolic acid
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201900404
SP - 1900404
PB - Wiley VCH-Verlag
AN - OPUS4-49396
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -