TY - GEN A1 - Wilrich, Cordula A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter ED - Suter, G. ED - de Rademaeker, E. T1 - Examples for the influence of non-intrinsic properties on the classification of physical hazards according to the UN-GHS T2 - 13th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Brugge, Belgium DA - 2010-06-06 KW - UN-GHS KW - GHS KW - Chemikalieneinstufung KW - Classification of chemicals KW - Physikalische Gefahren KW - Physical hazards PY - 2010 SN - 978-90-76019-291 VL - 02 SP - 395 EP - 398 CY - Brugge, Belgium AN - OPUS4-21525 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wilrich, Cordula A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas A1 - Mix, K.-H. A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Bender, H. A1 - Stephan, U. A1 - Eberz, A. A1 - Steinbach, J. A1 - Stoessel, F. T1 - Plant and process safety - 2. Hazardous materials and process conditions N2 - "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry" is the benchmark reference in chemistry and chemical and life science engineering, covering inorganic and organic chemicals, advanced materials, pharmaceuticals, polymers and plastics, metals and alloys, biotechnology and biotechnological products, food chemistry, process engineering and unit operations, analytical methods, environmental protection, and much more. The present article is part of the topic collection "Environmental Protection and Industrial Safety". It covers plant and process safety, focusing on hazardous materials and process conditions. KW - Flammable gases and vapors KW - Combustibility of liquids KW - Dust explosions KW - Explosive condensed substances KW - Harmful effects of substances KW - Exothermic and pressure-inducing chemical reactions PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-527-30673-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.q20_q01 SP - 1 EP - 50 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-58108 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilrich, Cordula A1 - Brandes, Elisabeth A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Schwarz, Silke A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter T1 - UN GHS ‒ Physical hazard classifications of chemicals: A critical review of combinations of hazard classes N2 - One of the fundamental principles of the UN-GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) is that all hazards of a chemical should be assigned and communicated. There is no general prioritization of hazards in the sense that certain hazard classes are not applicable if another one has been assigned. In contrast to health and environmental hazards, there are physical or chemical factors which preclude certain combinations of physical hazard classes. So far, there is no common understanding as to which combinations are relevant and which not. For example, should a pyrophoric liquid be classified as flammable liquid in addition, or is this redundant and unnecessary? In the course of the implementation of the GHS by countries or sectors and the actual application by industry all over the world, such questions become more and more important. This publication systematically discusses all combinations of the UN-GHS physical hazard classes and assesses them with regard to the relevance of possible simultaneous assignment to a chemical. For many of the combinations an unambiguous decision based on theGHS alone is not possible, thus confirming that the question which physical hazard classes might be assigned simultaneously to a chemical is not trivial. As one more milestone on the path to a globally harmonized system for the classification of hazardous chemicals, this should be discussed and ultimately solved on a global basis. It is the hope that this publication might serve as an impetus for such discussions. KW - UN-GHS KW - Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals KW - Hazardous chemicals KW - Chemicals classification KW - Physical hazards PY - 2017 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871553217300336 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2017.03.005 SN - 1871-5532 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 15 EP - 28 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-42704 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wilrich, Cordula A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Michael-Schulz, Heike A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Schwarz, Silke T1 - UN GHS ‒ Physical hazard classifications of chemicals: A critical review of combinations of hazard classes N2 - One of the fundamental principles of the UN-GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals) is that all hazards of a chemical should be assigned and communicated. There is no general prioritization of hazards in the sense that certain hazard classes are not applicable if another one has been assigned. In contrast to health and environmental hazards, there are physical or chemical factors which preclude certain combinations of physical hazard classes. So far, there is no common understanding as to which combinations are relevant and which not. For example, should a pyrophoric liquid be classified as flammable liquid in addition, or is this redundant and unnecessary? In the course of the implementation of the GHS by countries or sectors and the actual application by industry all over the world, such questions become more and more important. For many of the combinations an unambiguous decision based on theGHS alone is not possible, thus confirming that the question which physical hazard classes might be assigned simultaneously to a chemical is not trivial. As one more milestone on the path to a globally harmonized system for the classification of hazardous chemicals, this should be discussed and ultimately solved on a global basis. It is the hope that this presentaion might serve as an impetus for such discussions. T2 - IGUS EOS Meeting CY - Shanghai, China DA - 09.04.2018 KW - Chemicals classification KW - Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals KW - Hazardous chemicals KW - Physical hazards KW - UN-GHS PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45002 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wildner, W. A1 - Güthner, T. A1 - Holzrichter, K. A1 - Mertschenk, B. A1 - Ulrich, Armin T1 - Safe transport of cyanamide N2 - For many years cyanamide (CAS no. 420-04-2) was not commercially available due to its unstable nature. Since about 1965 the former "Süddeutsche Kalkstickstoffwerke AG" (current name: AlzChem Trostberg GmbH) developed a special stabilizing system. It was to be investigated to which Class (e.g. "Corrosive Substances", Class 8) or Division (e.g. "Self-reactive Substances", Division 4.1) of the International Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods cyanamide (pure or as a 50% solution in water) should be assigned and based on this which maximum quantities are allowed to transport e.g. in tanks. Cyanamide is used for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agrochemical actives, biocides, dyestuffs and fine chemicals. During the last years cyanamide was tested at BAM and AQura. The results and an appraisal are presented in this paper. Thus, cyanamide should be classified according to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in Class 8, UN number 2922 (50% solution in water) and UN number 2923 (pure substance) respectively, packaging group III, danger labels 8 + 6.1. Cyanamide, 50% solution in water, can be transported in portable tanks under specific conditions. KW - Cyanamide KW - Phys-chemical properties KW - Thermal stability KW - SADT KW - Tank transport KW - Transport classification PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.043 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 170 IS - 2-3 SP - 829 EP - 835 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-19816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas A1 - Mix, K.-H. ED - Hauptmanns, U. T1 - Explosive condensed substances KW - Explosive condensed substances KW - Classification of explosive substances KW - Explosion mechanisms KW - Testing of explosive substances PY - 2012 SN - 978-3527306732 IS - Chapter 5 SP - 22 EP - 25 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-27654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas A1 - Heitkamp, D. T1 - Explosive properties of 1-hydroxybenzotriazoles KW - 1-Hydroxybenzotriazoles KW - HOBt KW - 6-Cl-HOBt KW - TBTU KW - HOAt KW - Explosive properties PY - 2005 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 126 IS - 1-3 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-11043 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Wandrey, Peter-Andreas ED - Frobese, D.-H. ED - Krämer, H. T1 - Abbrandverhalten von flüssigen explosionsfähigen Stoffen in Abhängigkeit von der Pool-Größe T2 - 6. Sicherheitstechnische Vortragsveranstaltung über Fragen des Explosionsschutzes ; 107. PTB-Seminar CY - Braunschweig, Deutschland DA - 1993-09-07 PY - 1993 SN - 3-89429-359-4 SN - 0341-6739 IS - W-54 SP - 97 EP - 108 PB - Wirtschaftsverl. NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-1506 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Rudolph, Michael A1 - Zemke, Gerhard-Reinhard A1 - Dischl, G. A1 - Maier, M. T1 - Deckelflug - Können Organische Peroxide vom Typ D unter Umständen in Doppelkammer-Stahl-IBC mit Verdünnungsautomatik befördert werden? Das zeigte ein Brandversuch. KW - Brandprüfung KW - Organisches Peroxid KW - Stahl-IBC PY - 2005 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 22 EP - 23 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-7342 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wehrstedt, Klaus-Dieter A1 - Mishra, Kirti Bhushan T1 - Safety considerations for organic peroxide fires T2 - IGUS Energetic and Oxidizierung Substances (EOS) Working Group Meeting CY - Washington, D.C., USA DA - 2011-04-27 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23572 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -