TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Trubiroha, Peter ED - Jonathan W. Martin, ED - Rose A. Ryntz, ED - J. Chin, ED - Ray A. Dickie, T1 - Chemiluminescence detection: Principles, chances and limitations for the shortening of weathering tests T2 - 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY - Key Largo, FL, USA DA - 2006-12-03 KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Weathering KW - Quantum efficiency KW - Accelerated test KW - Automotive coating KW - PE Chemilumineszenz KW - Bewitterung KW - Quantenausbeute KW - Beschleunigter Test KW - Automobillacke PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-387-84875-4 SP - 309 EP - 326 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-18245 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Accelerated weathering test for plastics and coatings that are exposed to acidic precipitation N2 - Due to the occurrence of acidic precipitation, and due to the fact that polymers and stabilizers may be sensititve to acids, it is important to have a laboratory test that combines weathering exposure with acidic exposure. The loss of stabilization caused by an acid damage of stabilizing system gets evident only over the weathering progress. For solid samples, for wich mostly the surface properties are relevant, the "Acid Dew and Fog Test" (ADF test) was established. For woven or tufted materials, the "Acid Rain Test" (AR test) was developed. The proposed weathering tests aim at plastics as well as at coatings. T2 - 7th International Symposium on Weatherability (7th ISW) CY - Kanagawa, Japan DA - 2008-10-23 KW - Acid rain KW - ADF KW - Acid Dew and Fog test KW - Artificial Weathering test PY - 2009 SN - 1346-0633 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 69 EP - 73 PB - Materiaru-Raifu-Gakkai CY - Tokyo AN - OPUS4-18270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Chancen und Grenzen der Verkürzung von Bewitterungstests durch empfindliche Chemilumineszenz-Detektion N2 - Eine Verkürzung der Dauer von Bewitterungsversuchen kann durch eine empfindlichere Detektion der Bewitterungseffekte erreicht werden als sie konventionell benützt wird. Eine solche besonders empfindliche Detektionsmethode stellt die Chemilumineszenz dar. Die Verkürzung durch empfindliche Detektion muss jedoch gleichzeitig der Bedingung genügen, ausreichend gute Rangkorrelation zu Bewitterungseffekten unter Anwendungsbedingungen zu zeigen. In diesem Spannungsfeld sollen die Möglichkeiten der Chemiluminiszenz-Detektion beleuchtet werden. T2 - DFO Qualitätstage 2008 CY - Fürth, Deutschland DA - 2008-10-07 KW - Chemilumineszenz KW - Bewitterung KW - Verkürzung KW - empfindlicher Nachweis PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-89943-072-1 SP - 105 EP - 120 PB - DFO CY - Fürth AN - OPUS4-18328 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Künstliche Bewitterungstests für polymere Beschichtungen T2 - TAW Symposium: "3. Korrosionsschutz-Symposium - Korrosionsschutz durch Beschichtungen in Theorie und Praxis" CY - Titisee-Neustadt, Germany DA - 2009-06-17 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19590 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Spezifische Witterungsempfindlichkeiten verschiedener Kunststoffe im Außenbereich T2 - SKZ Fachtagung "Bewitterung von Kunststoffen und Lacken" CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 2009-03-04 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19591 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Alterung von Polymeren durch Witterungsbeanspruchung T2 - 25. Darmstädter Kunststoff-Kolloquium, "Schadensanalytik heute - Methoden und Anwendungen" CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 2009-09-10 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20573 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Der Einfluss von Temperatur und Feuchte bei der Bewitterung T2 - Seminar Technische Akademie Wuppertal CY - Altdorf, Germany DA - 2009-04-02 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20721 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Analyse witterungsbedingter Eigenschaftsänderungen T2 - Seminar Technische Akademie Wuppertal CY - Altdorf, Germany DA - 2009-04-02 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20722 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Ansätze zur Testverkürzung T2 - Seminar Technische Akademie Wuppertal CY - Altdorf, Germany DA - 2009-04-02 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20723 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Saure Niederschläge und ihre Wirkung auf den Photoabbau T2 - Seminar Technische Akademie Wuppertal CY - Altdorf, Germany DA - 2009-04-02 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20724 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Determination of the spectral sensitivity and temperature dependence of polypropylene crack formation caused by UV-irradiation N2 - For polypropylene of varied stabilization, spectral sensitivity as well as temperature dependence of irradiation caused crack formation was determined in artificial irradiation tests. UV radiant exposure HUV necessary to generate crack formation was measured both in spectrally dispersed irradiation and artificial irradiation in a Fluorescent UV lamp device. Dependencies were fitted to a plateau function and an Arrhenius function, respectively, to describe the action of irradiation by response functions. Applied to weather data from Phoenix, the results were compared with respective outdoor exposure results. KW - Weathering KW - UV KW - Temperature KW - Numerical simulation PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.014 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 95 IS - 10 SP - 2118 EP - 2123 PB - Applied Science Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-21913 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Zäh, M. A1 - Schönlein, A. A1 - Reichert, T. T1 - Polypropylene life time estimation by developing dose response functions with respect to irradiation and temperature - ViPQuali project T2 - 8th International symposium on weatherability (8th ISW) CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2010-10-14 KW - Life time estimation KW - Weathering KW - Polypropylene KW - Spectral sensitivity KW - Temperature PY - 2010 SN - 1346-0633 VL - 22 SP - 58 EP - 63 PB - Uni Publishers Co., Ltd. AN - OPUS4-22182 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Adaption of the acid dew and fog (ADF) test for service life predicitons of aircraft coatings T2 - 1st European Weathering Symposium (EWS-1) ; 23rd Colloquium of Danubian Countries on Natural and Artificial Ageing of Polymers CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-09-25 KW - Acid dew and fog test KW - Aircraft coatings KW - Service life prediction KW - Climatic resistance KW - Säure KW - Klima KW - Flugzeuglack PY - 2003 SN - 3-9808382-3-4 SP - 1 EP - 16(?) PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-2689 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lüthi, A. A1 - Fäh, D. A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja ED - Reichert, T. ED - Halafka, S. T1 - Recent Proposals for Weathering Reference Materials as Discussed by DIN and VDA T2 - 1st European Weathering Symposium (EWS-1) ; 23rd Colloquium of Danubian Countries on Natural and Artificial Ageing of Polymers CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-09-25 KW - Reference material KW - ORWET KW - Crack KW - Climatic KW - ADF test KW - Spectral sensitivity KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Riss KW - Klimatische Beständigkeit PY - 2003 SN - 3-9808382-3-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 12(?) PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-2682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Appajaiah, Anilkumar A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Jankowski, Lukasz T1 - Chemiluminescence investigation of high temperature and humidity aging of PMMA based polymer optical fibres (POF) T2 - POF 2003 ; 12th International Conference on Polymer Optical Fiber CY - Seattle, WA, USA DA - 2003-09-14 PY - 2003 SP - 152 EP - 155 CY - Seattle, Wash. AN - OPUS4-2665 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Adaption of the Acid Dew and Fog (ADF) Test for Service Life Predicitons of Aircraft Coatings T2 - 1st European Weathering Symposium EWS CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-09-25 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3267 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Referenzmaterialien für Bewitterungsprüfungen T2 - 32. Jahrestagung der GUS, Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation CY - Pfinztal bei Karlsruhe, Deutschland DA - 2003-03-26 KW - Referenzmaterialien KW - Bewitterung PY - 2003 SN - 3-9808382-1-8 SP - 61 EP - 72 PB - GUS CY - Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-3360 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Chemilumineszenzuntersuchungen an PE-HD als Schnelltest für die Wirksamkeit von Stabilisatoren unter Bewitterung und für den Einfluß einer Chemikalienbehandlung T2 - 29. Jahrestagung der GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal, Germany DA - 2000-03-29 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-3448 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Chemiluminescence of Polyethylenes as Accelerated Test for the Efficiency of Stabilisers and of the Effect of Recycling Procedures T2 - Workshop "Chemiluminescence 2000" CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2000-10-19 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-3449 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Appajaiah, Anilkumar A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker ED - Koike, Y. T1 - Aging behavior of polymer optical fibers: Characterization of thermo-oxidative stability by chemiluminescence T2 - 13th International Plastic Optical Fibres Conference 2004 CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2004-09-27 KW - Climatic exposure KW - Chemiluminescence KW - POF PY - 2004 SN - 3-905084-70-8 SP - 166 EP - 173 PB - AKM Congress Service CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-5973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker ED - Zieghahn, K. T1 - Grundsätzliches zur Lebensdauervorhersage in der Bewitterung T2 - Umwelteinflüsse erfassen, simulieren, bewerten : 34. Jahrestagung der GUS 2005 CY - Pfinztal bei Karlsruhe, Deutschland DA - 2005-03-02 KW - Lebensdauer KW - Bewitterung KW - Polymere PY - 2005 SN - 3-9808382-6-9 SP - 159 EP - 168 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-7141 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Trubiroha, Peter A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Grundsätzliches zur witterungsbedingten Alterung von Polymerwerkstoffen T2 - SKZ-Fachtagung "Bewitterung von Kunststoffen und Lacken in der Automobilindustrie" CY - Würzburg, Deutschland DA - 2005-02-16 KW - Witterung KW - Alterung KW - Klima KW - Vorgeschichte KW - Prüfverfahren KW - Prüfgeräte PY - 2005 SP - 36 Seiten PB - SKZ CY - Würzburg AN - OPUS4-7099 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Applying Artificial Endurance Tests for the Performance of Vehicle Coatings T2 - Tagung "International Best Practice in Vehicle Coatings" CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 2005-02-23 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7350 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja ED - Reichert, T. T1 - Using chemiluminescence as sensitive detector of early stages weathering effects on car coatings to shorten weathering tests T2 - 2nd European Weathering Symposium "Natural and Artificial Ageing of Polymers" CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 2006-06-16 KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Artificial weathering KW - Natural weathering KW - Automotive KW - Coating KW - Weathering KW - ADF test KW - Chemilumineszenz KW - Künstliche Alterung KW - Natürliche Alterung KW - Auto KW - Lack PY - 2005 SN - 3-9808382-9-3 VL - 6 SP - 63 EP - 73 PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-7623 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter A1 - Takane, Y. T1 - UV-sensitive Weathering Reference Materials T2 - 2nd European Weathering Symposium - Natural and Artificial Ageing of Polymers CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 2005-06-16 KW - Weathering Reference Materials PY - 2005 SN - 3-9808382-9-3 VL - 6 SP - 145 EP - 154 PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-10376 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Using Chemiluminescence as Sensitive Detector of Early Stages Weathering Effects on Car Coatings to shorten Weathering Tests T2 - 2nd European Weathering Symposium CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 2005-06-15 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-10446 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Schulz, Ulrich ED - Ziegahn, K.-F. T1 - Simulation der Wirkung einer sechsjährigen Freibewitterung auf Flugzeuglackierungen T2 - 33. Jahrestagung der GUS 2004 - Umwelteinflüsse erfassen, simulieren, bewerten CY - Pfinztal, Deutschland DA - 2004-03-17 KW - Freibewitterung KW - Flugzeuglackierung KW - ADF KW - Künstliche Bewitterung KW - pH KW - Beschleunigung KW - Natural weathering KW - Aircraft coating KW - Artificial weathering KW - Acceleration PY - 2004 SN - 3-9808382-4-2 SP - 199 EP - 209 PB - DWS Werbeagentur und Verlag GmbH CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-3560 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Schulz, Ulrich T1 - Shortening of Weathering Tests for Automotive Coatings by Chemiluminescence Detection T2 - 27th FATIPEC Congress CY - Aix-en-Provence, France DA - 2004-04-19 KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Artificial weathering KW - ADF KW - Automotive coatings KW - Chemilumineszenz KW - Künstliche Bewitterung KW - Automobillacke PY - 2004 VL - 3 SP - 931 EP - 940 PB - Association Francaise des Techniciens des Peintures, Vernis,Encres CY - Aix en Provence AN - OPUS4-3561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Combining Artificial Weathering with Chemiluminescence for Lifetime Predictions of Polymeric Materials T2 - 9th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components CY - Brisbane, Australia DA - 2002-03-17 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-3552 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Hennecke, Manfred T1 - Chemiluminescence - An advanced method for small extent, early stages and accelerated testing of the thermooxidative degradation in polymers T2 - Makromolekulares Kolloquium Freiburg CY - Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany DA - 2000-02-24 PY - 2000 SP - 45 CY - Freiburg im Breisgau AN - OPUS4-2435 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Damerau, T. A1 - Hennecke, Manfred ED - Spadaro, G. T1 - Photooxidative and thermooxidative degradation of conjugated polymers T2 - 1st International Conference on Polymer Modification, Degradation and Stabilisation (MoDeSt 2000) CY - Palermo, Italy DA - 2000-09-03 PY - 2000 SN - 0969-806X VL - 63 IS - 1 PB - Pergamon CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-2436 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Grell, M. A1 - Long, X. A1 - Bradley, D. A1 - Bernius, M. A1 - Chamberlin, T. A1 - Inbasekaran, M. A1 - Woo, E. P. A1 - Hennecke, Manfred A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - A liquid crystalline mainchain conjugated polymer for polarized electroluminescence applications T2 - 4th European Conference on Molecular Electronics (ECME 97) CY - Cambridge, England, UK DA - 1997-09-07 PY - 1997 CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-2432 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Hennecke, Manfred T1 - Chemiluminescence - A promising new testing method for plastic optical fibres? T2 - 7th International Plastic Optical Fibres Conference (POF-7) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 1998-10-05 PY - 1998 SN - 3-905084-55-4 VL - 7 SP - 248 EP - 249 PB - AKM AG CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-2433 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Grell, M. A1 - Bradley, D. A1 - Hennecke, Manfred ED - Gerhard-Multhaupt, R. T1 - Polarized fluorescence and orientational order parameters of a liquid crystalline conjugated polymer T2 - European Conference on Macromolecular Physics: Molecular Orientation in Polymers, Generation, Characterisation, Application CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 1999-09-30 PY - 1999 N1 - Serientitel: Europhysics conference abstracts – Series title: Europhysics conference abstracts IS - 23H SP - 46 CY - Potsdam AN - OPUS4-2434 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trubiroha, Peter A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Referenzmaterialien für Bewitterungsprüfungen von polymeren Werkstoffen KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Bestrahlen KW - Bewitterern KW - Polymer PY - 2003 SN - 0341-230X SN - 1431-827X VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 35 EP - 39 PB - Baltz CY - München AN - OPUS4-2864 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jansen, Kirsten A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Efficiency of UV-Stabilisers in PE-Films under the Influence of Acid Precipitation T2 - 12th International Conference Additives 2003 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 2003-04-06 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.executive-conference.com/conferences/archives/add03.php SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - ECM CY - Plymouth, Mich. AN - OPUS4-2881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Reference materials for weathering tests T2 - 1st European Weathering Symposium (EWS-1) ; 23rd Colloquium of Danubian Countries on Natural and Artificial Ageing of Polymers CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-09-25 KW - Referenzmaterialien KW - Bewitterung PY - 2003 SN - 3-9808382-3-4 SP - 1(?) EP - 11(?) PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-2882 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Adaption of the Acid Dew and Fog (ADF) Test for Service Life Predictions of Aircraft Coatings T2 - 1st European Weathering Symposium EWS CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-09-25 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4079 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Goering, Harald T1 - Degradation effects of automotive coatings after weathering as detected by thermoluminescence T2 - 27th FATIPEC Congress CY - Aix-en-Provence, France DA - 2004-04-19 KW - Automobillacke KW - Bewitterung KW - Thermolumineszenz KW - Automotive coatings KW - Weathering KW - Thermoluminescence PY - 2004 VL - 3 SP - 1045 EP - 1050 PB - Association Francaise des Techniciens des Peintures, Vernis,Encres CY - Aix en Provence AN - OPUS4-4054 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Efficiency of UV-Stabilisers in PE-Films under the Influence of Acid Precipitation T2 - 12th International Conference Addivities 2003 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 2003-04-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lüthi, A. A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Recent Proposals for Weathering Reference Materials as Discussed by DIN and VDA T2 - 1st European Weathering Symposium EWS CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-09-25 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4037 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja ED - Moeller, E. T1 - Entwicklung künstlicher Bewitterungstests für Lacke und Beschichtungen T2 - GfKORR-Seminar Korrelation von Labortests mit Praxisbedingungen im Automobilbereich CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 0008-02-15 KW - Künstliche Bewitterung KW - Freibewitterung KW - Verkürzung KW - Beschleunigung KW - Korrelation PY - 2006 SN - 3-935406-27-4 SP - 102 EP - 111 PB - GfKORR CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-12065 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Entwicklung künstlicher Bewitterungstests für Lacke und Beschichtungen T2 - GfKORR-Seminar "Korrelation von Labortests mit Praxisbedingungen im Automobilbereich" der Gesellschaft für Korrosionsschutz e. V. CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2006-02-15 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12111 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Grundsätzliches zur Verkürzung von Bewitterungstests durch künstliche Bewitterung T2 - 35. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation (GUS), "Umwelteinflüsse erfassen, simulieren, bewerten" am Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie (ICT) CY - Pfinztal, Germany DA - 2006-03-22 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12266 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Principles and Limitations in the Acceleration of Artificial Weathering Tests T2 - 6th International Paint, Varnish, Ink & Auxiliary Products Industry Congress & Exhibition, 2006 Paint CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 2006-05-17 KW - Bewitterung KW - Verkürzung KW - Zeitraffung KW - Weathering KW - Shortening KW - Time-lapse PY - 2006 SN - 994-489125-8 SP - 48 EP - 54 PB - TMMOB CY - Istanbul AN - OPUS4-12391 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Principles and limitations in the acceleration of artificial weathering tests T2 - Paint 2006, VI. International Paint, Varnish, Ink & Auxiliary Products Industry Congress & Exhibition, "Smart Coatings and new Technologies" CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 2006-05-17 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12403 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Rauth, W. A1 - Klimmasch, T. A1 - Krüger, P. T1 - Analysis of weathering effects in automotive coatings by thermoluminescence T2 - 28th FATIPEC Congress CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2006-06-12 KW - Automotive coatings KW - Weathering KW - Thermoluminescence PY - 2006 SP - 1 EP - 9 CY - Budapest AN - OPUS4-12558 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Chemiluminescence Detection for the Shortening of Weathering Tests T2 - "INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP on practical applications of chemiluminescence at the oxidation of chemical systems" CY - Smolenice, Slovakia DA - 2005-10-09 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-12504 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Veränderung der Kratzbeständigkeit und der Reflow-Fähigkeit von Automobil-Klarlacken durch Bewitterung T2 - DFO Qualitätstage 2005, "Moderne Verfahren zur Oberflächencharakterisierung" der Deutschen Forschungsgesellschaft für Oberflächenbehandlung e. V. CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2005-10-25 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-12505 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Rauth, W. A1 - Klimmasch, T. A1 - Krüger, P. T1 - Screening the weathering stability of automotive coatings by chemiluminescence T2 - XXVIIIth FATIPEC Congress CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2006-06-12 KW - Automotive coatings KW - Weathering KW - Chemiluminescence PY - 2006 SP - 8 pages CY - Budapest AN - OPUS4-12557 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Untersuchung der Veränderung der Kratzfestigkeit und Reflow-Fähigkeit von Karosserie-Klarlacken als Folge der Auslagerung in Jacksonville und nachgestellter Laborbewitterung T2 - DFO Qualitätstage 2005 - Moderne Verfahren zur Oberflächencharakterisierung CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2005-10-25 KW - Bewitterung KW - Kratzfestigkeit KW - Kratzbeständigkeit KW - Reflow KW - Weißlichtinterferenz KW - Rauhigkeit PY - 2005 SN - 3-89943-062-X SP - 88 EP - 102 PB - DFO CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-11216 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appajaiah, Anilkumar A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Daum, Werner T1 - Characterization of thermo-oxidative stability of polymer optical fibers using chemiluminescence technique N2 - The thermo-oxidative stability of commercially available polymer optical fibers (POFs) and their components (cores and claddings) was investigated. All the bare POFs (core and cladding only) studied here were based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) core. The fibers were exposed to 100 °C/low humidity for about 4200 h. Chemiluminescence (CL) technique was applied to investigate the thermo-oxidative stability and for measuring the transmission loss during exposure a prototype device called multiplexer was used. POFs exhibited variation in thermo-oxidative stability although they possessed identical core material PMMA. This was due to difference in the chemical compositions of claddings. Claddings were more susceptible to the thermo-oxidative degradation compared to cores. The thermo-oxidative degradation of both the cladding and the core was found in POFs as a result of climatic exposure. POFs showed an early drop-off followed by a slow decline of transmission. The early drop-off of transmission was attributed to physical changes like thermal expansion and the slow decline of transmission to chemical changes like oxidative degradation of POFs. A good linear relationship between optical transmission stability and thermo-oxidative stability of POFs was established from these studies. KW - Polymer optical fibers (POFs) KW - Chemiluminescence (CL) KW - Thermo-oxidative stability KW - Aging KW - Optical transmission stability PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.05.006 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 91 IS - 11 SP - 2605 EP - 2613 PB - Applied Science Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-13984 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Determination of the spectral response of polymers T2 - 3rd Service Life Symposium CY - Sedona, AZ, USA DA - 2004-02-01 KW - Spectral sensitivity KW - Weathering KW - UV KW - Action spectra KW - Activation spectra KW - Stabilizer KW - Spektrale Empfindlichkeit KW - Bewitterung KW - Aktivierungsspektrum KW - Wirkungsspektrum KW - Stabilisator PY - 2005 SN - 0-934010-60-9 SP - 241 EP - 253 PB - Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology CY - Philadelphia AN - OPUS4-13711 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Two New Weathering Reference Materials - Monitors for Weathering Exposure T2 - 3rd Service Life Symposium CY - Sedona, AZ, USA DA - 2004-02-01 KW - Weathering KW - Reference material KW - WRM KW - UV KW - Radiance KW - Crack KW - JIS K7200 KW - Humidity KW - Bewitterung KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Riss KW - Bestrahlung KW - Luftfeuchte PY - 2005 SN - 0-934010-60-9 SP - 253 EP - 258 PB - Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology CY - Philadelphia AN - OPUS4-13712 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Materials and the Environment KW - Ecoefficiency KW - Weathering exposure KW - Photodegradation KW - Polymers PY - 2006 SN - 978-3-540-20785-6 IS - Part D / 15.1 SP - 789 EP - 803 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-13733 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Spectral sensitivity of polymer ageing T2 - 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY - Key Largo, FL, USA DA - 2006-12-03 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Chemiluminescence detection: principles, chances, and limitations for the shortening of weathering tests T2 - 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY - Key Largo, FL, USA DA - 2006-12-03 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-14145 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Rauth, W. A1 - Klimmasch, T. A1 - Krüger, P. T1 - Analysis of weathering effects in automotive coatings by thermoluminescence KW - Automotive coatings KW - Weathering KW - Thermoluminescence PY - 2006 SN - 0048-4225 N1 - Sprachen: Englisch/Italienisch - Languages: English/Italian VL - 82 IS - 17 SP - 5 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-14296 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Der Einfluss von Feuchte und Nässe bei der Bewitterung T2 - 36. Jahrestagung der GUS 2007 CY - Pfinztal bei Karlsruhe, Deutschland DA - 2007-03-14 KW - Spectral sensitivity KW - Weathering KW - UV KW - Action spectra KW - Activation spectra KW - Stabilizer KW - Spektrale Empfindlichkeit KW - Bewitterung KW - Aktivierungsspektrum KW - Wirkungsspektrum KW - Stabilisator PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-9810472-1-9 VL - 36 SP - 247 EP - 256 CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-14758 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Analyse witterungsbedingter Eigenschaftsänderungen T2 - Seminar "Bewitterung von Kunststoffen und Lacken" der Technischen Akademie Wuppertal CY - Altdorf, Germany DA - 2007-05-10 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15903 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Spektrale Empfindlichkeit der Photoalterung von Lacken und Kunststoffen T2 - Fachtagung "Bewitterung von Kunststoffen und Lacken in der Automobilindustrie" des Süddeutschen Kunststoff-Zentrums CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 2007-02-07 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15904 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Notwendigkeit der Erfassung klimatischer Einflüsse auf Transportbehälter aus Kunststoff T2 - CEEES Kongress 2007, "Umweltsimulation in der Produktentwicklung" CY - Nuremberg, Germany DA - 2007-05-22 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15905 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Artificial weathering including acidic deposition T2 - 3rd European Weathering Symposium CY - Kraków, Poland DA - 2007-09-12 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15907 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Rauth, W. T1 - Kürzer in der Klimakammer - Rasche Beurteilung der Bewitterungsstabilität von 2K-PUR-Autolacken mittels Chemilumineszenz KW - Weathering KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Degradation KW - Coatings PY - 2007 SN - 0014-7699 VL - 113 IS - 9 SP - 46 EP - 49 PB - Vincentz CY - Hannover AN - OPUS4-15786 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Trubiroha, Peter A1 - Schulz, Ulrich T1 - Artificial weathering including acidic deposition T2 - 3rd European Weathering Symposium CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 2007-09-12 KW - Spectral sensitivity KW - Weathering KW - UV KW - Action spectra KW - Activation spectra KW - Stabilizer KW - Spektrale Empfindlichkeit KW - Bewitterung KW - Aktivierungsspektrum KW - Wirkungsspektrum KW - Stabilisator PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-9810472-3-3 VL - 8 SP - 487 EP - 500 CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-15923 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Improved Evaluation of Activation Spectra Determined by the Filter Technique T2 - 3rd European Weathering Symposium CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 2007-09-12 KW - Spectral sensitivity KW - Weathering KW - UV KW - Action spectra KW - Activation spectra KW - Stabilizer KW - Spektrale Empfindlichkeit KW - Bewitterung KW - Aktivierungsspektrum KW - Wirkungsspektrum KW - Stabilisator PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-9810472-3-3 VL - 8 SP - 349 EP - 358 CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-15924 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - The Principle of Reciprocity and its Limits T2 - 3rd European Weathering Symposium CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 2007-09-12 KW - Spectral sensitivity KW - Weathering KW - UV KW - Action spectra KW - Activation spectra KW - Stabilizer KW - Spektrale Empfindlichkeit KW - Bewitterung KW - Aktivierungsspektrum KW - Wirkungsspektrum KW - Stabilisator PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-9810472-3-3 VL - 8 SP - 243 EP - 258 CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-15925 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Rauth, W. A1 - Klimmasch, T. A1 - Krüger, P. T1 - Screening the weathering stability of automotive coatings by chemiluminescence N2 - Chemiluminescence (CL) is a sensitive method of investigating the thermo-oxidative stability of polymers in the early stages of degradation. Therefore, CL measurements were applied to different automotive coatings to evaluate their degradation behavior during artificial weathering. In this work, CL measurements were carried out for different automotive coatings to follow their degradation behavior during artificial weathering. The CL emission depends on sample-specific parameters like stabilizer, matrix, or hardener; experimental parameters like the oxygen partial pressure; and exposure parameters like the duration of weathering. The potential of CL could be demonstrated by classifying materials into categories of good, medium, and low degradation performance at a much earlier stage of weathering exposure than in combination with the usual visual detection of weathering effects. KW - Accelerated weathering KW - Coating KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Sensitive detection KW - Weathering PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-007-9071-7 SN - 1547-0091 SN - 1935-3804 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 24 PB - Springer CY - Blue Bell, Pa. AN - OPUS4-16723 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Trubiroha, Peter ED - Czichos, Horst ED - Saito, T. ED - Smith, L. T1 - Materials and the environment KW - Weathering KW - Total material requirement KW - Polymer PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-642-16640-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9 SP - Chapter 15.1, 845 EP - 860 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-24154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Kömmling, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker ED - Reichert, T. T1 - UV-LEDs - a new tool to determine the spectral response N2 - To determine a polymer’s spectral response of photo degradation, two main methods have been established. The so-called “filter technique” uses polychromatic radiation, which is filtered by a set of various sharp cut-on filters. This procedure provides separated reading points of an activation spectrum of the investigated material. With the "spectrographic technique” a specimen is irradiated with pectrally dispersed radiation, locally quasi monochromatically, and the local property changes.are related to the radiant exposure at the respective wavelengths. A third method, the irradiation of specimens with quasi monochromatic radiation behind interference filters, is rarely used. These methods have advantages and disadvantages and therefore, there are limits for conclusions from these spectral data. Concerning the quasi monochromatic Irradiation of specimens the development of new UV radiation sources looks promising. With the rapid development of inexpensive UV Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), new : sources of nearly monochromatic radiation in the UV ränge are available, even down to about 250 nm. To determine the spectral response, the use of such UV-LEDs in TO-18 ) and TO-39 metal cases combines the advantages of low cost and energy efficiency, stable spectral irradiance, temperature.and humidity control, larger specimen areas, and an easy and stable analysis. Combinations of different UV LEDs are also discussed as replacement for xenon arc ' radiation sources, see patent application EP01528388A1. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 KW - UV resistance KW - Weathering KW - Spectral sensitivity KW - Action spectrum KW - UV-LEDs PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 77 EP - 86 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24396 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Reichert, T. T1 - New ways for early detection of polymer ageing N2 - Photo-oxidative ageing of polymers under defined exposure (UV, humidity) was investigated from two points of view: a) the ageing process Starts from the topmost surface and penetrates slowly towards bulk and b) radicals play an important role among ageing. Therefore, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy were applied to show both, the progressive incorporation of oxygen during in-situ UV irradiation (XPS) and the formation of radicals (ESR) in the polymer. The intensity of ESR Signals served as measure for radical concentration. The Validation of this correlation was checked for polyethylenes (PE) equipped with different concentrations of Hostavin N30 UV stabilizer. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 157 EP - 163 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Reichert, T. T1 - Influence of UV weathering and humidity on surface & bulk properties of LDPE N2 - The outdoor weathering of polymers is mainly due to UV radiation, water, Pollution, humidity, temperature etc. To understand the effects of weathering, simulated tests need to be undertaken in lab scale. Such tests must be quite efficient and similar to the effects of natural weathering. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of UV radiation along with humidity on LDPE. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 KW - LDPE KW - UV weathering KW - Humidity PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 211 EP - 218 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Arrhenius-Ansatz zur Lebensdauervorhersage aus künstlichen Bewitterungsversuchen T2 - 41. Jahrestagung der GUS 2012 - Umwelteinflüsse erfassen, simulieren, bewerten CY - Stutensee, Germany DA - 2012-03-14 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25627 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Goedecke, Thomas A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Combined impact of ultraviolet and chemical fluids on high-density polyethylene packaging material N2 - To investigate the ageing behaviour of filled plastic containers outdoors, square cuts of the wall of two high-density polyethylene (HDPE) types were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation at their front side and to specific liquid chemicals (de-ionized water, surfactant or White Spirit) at their back. The UV radiant exposure at the front side was 80 MJ/m². To compare the actions of the different exposures, separate dark backside fluid exposures were performed, in parallel. Besides, UV weathering was carried out until a UV radiant exposure of 325 MJ/m², being roughly comparable to outdoor exposure of one year in Northern Australia. An unpigmented HDPE included in the investigation gave no sufficient protection for the White Spirit. In addition, it showed clear degradation after several of these exposures. In combination with the White Spirit, an increase of carbonyl bonds was measured, presumably assignable to degradation products of the White Spirit. For a pigmented HDPE material, with the implemented combined exposures, no relevant damage was observed, within applied the exposure period. KW - Weathering KW - UV KW - HDPE KW - Packaging PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.959 SN - 0894-3214 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 61 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester, UK AN - OPUS4-25417 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Untersuchungen zur witterungsbedingten Partikelfreisetzung aus CNT-Compositen T2 - Inno.CNT Jahreskongress 2012, Innovationsallianz Carbon Nanotubes CY - Bayreuth, Germany DA - 2012-01-30 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25458 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Hally, S. ED - Arm, M. ED - Vandecasteele, C. ED - Heynen, J. ED - Suer, P. ED - Lind, B. T1 - Development of leaching procedures for synthetic turf systems T2 - WASCON 2012 CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 0201-05-30 KW - Waste rubber KW - Artificial turf KW - Leaching behaviour KW - Batch test KW - Column test PY - 2012 SP - 1 EP - 5(?) PB - ISCOWA and SGI AN - OPUS4-26968 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Grundsätzliches zur Frage der "UV-Beständigkeit" bzw. der "Lichtbeständigkeit" polymerer Werkstoffe T2 - 42. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation, GUS. "Umwelteinflüsse erfassen, simulieren, bewerten" CY - Stutensee, Germany DA - 2013-03-20 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27914 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Hennecke, Manfred T1 - Excitation energy transfer of a bichromophoric cross-shaped molecule investigated by polarized fluorescence spectroscopy N2 - The excitation energy transfer (EET) of a bichromophoric cross-shaped molecule was investigated by stationary polarized fluorescence spectroscopy in the solid state. For this purpose 2,2[prime],7,7[prime]-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9[prime]-spirobifluorene was embedded in a polymeric bisphenol-A-polycarbonate (PC) matrix. The dependence of the fluorescence on concentration and wavelength was determined. The role of the intermolecular and intramolecular EET is dealt with separately and discussed by means of the degree of polarization. The intermolecular excitation energy transfer is described in terms of a Förster transfer mechanism. The intramolecular transfer is prevented for the zero-point vibrational levels by the molecular cross-shaped structure, but is found for a wide range of wavelength, presumably based on vibrationally excited states. PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.481620 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 112 IS - 22 SP - 9822 EP - 9827 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-1038 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Hennecke, Manfred A1 - Schulz, Ulrich T1 - Chemilumineszenzuntersuchungen an PE-HD als Schnelltest für die Wirksamkeit von Stabilisatoren unter Bewitterung und für den Einfluß einer Chemikalienbehandlung T2 - 29. Jahrestagung der GUS CY - Pfinztal bei Karlsruhe, Deutschland DA - 2000-03-29 PY - 2000 SN - 3-9806167-6-2 SP - 10-1-10-12 CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-1081 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Untersuchung thermooxidativer Veränderungen an Polymeren durch Chemilumineszenz KW - Kunststoffe KW - Alterung KW - Oxidation KW - Chemilumineszenz PY - 1997 SN - 3-89574-241-4 IS - 41 SP - 1 EP - 95 PB - Köster CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1231 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Gaszner, K. A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Aufklärung der Ursachen für Lackschäden durch Umwelteinflüsse und Entwicklung praxisgerechter Prüfmethoden - Teil 1: Übertragung der Jacksonville Bewitterung auf eine Labor-Prüfmethode am Beispiel dekorative Eigenschaften und Kratzbeständigkeit T2 - DFO-Technologie-Tage Neue Entwicklungen zur Qualitätsprüfung in der Lackiertechnik CY - Münster, Deutschland DA - 2002-03-19 PY - 2002 SN - 3-932287-50-9 IS - 50 SP - 55 EP - 63 PB - DFO CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-1317 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jansen, Kirsten A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Testing the influence of acid precipitation on service life of greenhouse films T2 - 2nd International Conference on Polymer Modification, Degradation and Stabilisation (MoDeSt) CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2002-06-30 PY - 2002 VL - 82 IS - 2 PB - Elsevier CY - Orlando, Fla. AN - OPUS4-1544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Jansen, Kirsten A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Tjandraatmadja, G. T1 - Combining artificial weathering with chemiluminescence for lifetime predictions of polymeric materials N2 - While artificial weathering is a long-established tool to investigate long-term behaviour of polymers at outdoor conditions, the use of chemiluminescence as a highly sensitive and broadly applicable sensor for the effected change is a recent addition. This combination of artificial weathering with chemiluminescence could already be successfully applied to differentiate and evaluate long-term stability of various real use polymeric building materials relatively to each other and promises to be a useful tool for a variety of other polymeric materials as well. T2 - 9th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components ; 9dbmc CY - Brisbane, Australia DA - 2002-03-17 KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Lifetime assessment KW - Weathering KW - Polymer PY - 2002 SN - 0-643-06827-9 VL - 3 IS - 239 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CY - Collingwood, VIC AN - OPUS4-1549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Natürliche und künstliche Alterung von Kunststoffen und Beschichtungen durch Witterungseinflüsse und ihre Analyse T2 - BAM-Kolloquium 2002 CY - Berlin, BAM, Deutschland DA - 2002-04-17 PY - 2002 SP - 1(?) AN - OPUS4-1607 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Natürliche und künstliche Alterung von Polymeren - Bericht über die XXII. Donauländergespräche T2 - 31. Jahrestagung der GUS, Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation CY - Stutensee-Blankenloch bei Karlsruhe, Deutschland DA - 2002-03-13 PY - 2002 SN - 3-9806167-8-9 SP - 14-1-14-7 PB - GUS CY - Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-1819 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Trubiroha, P. A1 - Giehl, A. A1 - Schönlein, A. A1 - Feil, F. T1 - Normenvorschlag zur Bewitterung transparenter oder transluzenter Kunststoffe N2 - Aufgrund des tieferen Eindringens der solaren Strahlung treten bei transparenten und bei transluzenten (durchscheinenden) Kunststoffen veränderte Bedingungen gegenüber opaken Proben auf. Dies kann zu speziellen Effekten und damit zu einem abweichenden Bewitterungsverhalten führen. Auch aus Mangel an geeigneten Normen werden diese Effekte häufig vernachlässigt. Deshalb initiiert der DIN-FNK auf ISO-Ebene ein entsprechendes Dokument. Die Norm ist in der Form eines Technical Reports geplant. In einem ersten Teil sollen die Besonderheiten transparenter oder transluzenter Kunststoffe erläutert werden, um den Nutzer für mögliche Probleme zu sensibilisieren. Im zweiten Teil werden Empfehlungen für Bestrahlung oder Bewitterung herausgearbeitet. In einem dritten Teil geht es dann um Besonderheiten bei der Messung von Eigenschaftsänderungen transparenter bzw. transluzenter Kunststoffe. In informativen Anhängen sollen verschiedene Beispiele die Thematik illustrieren. T2 - 51. Jahrestagung der GUS CY - Stutensee-Blankenloch, Germany DA - 29.03.2023 KW - Bewitterung KW - Polymer 3R KW - Bestrahlung KW - UV PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-9818507-8-9 SP - 39 EP - 46 PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-57271 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Trubiroha, Peter A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Significance of new data pairs for irradiance and (surface) temperature N2 - There is consent that UV irradiance and temperature at the place of photodegradation are the most important environmental parameters in weathering, along with humidity. This contribution shows how an improvement in the measurement data situation can improve the significance and comparability of outdoor exposures. Photooxidative ageing is calculated using sample polymers for which the corresponding modelling data (Exposure Response Functions, ERF) is available. The mean square deviations are estimated, which result from using different spectral irradiances and different spectral sensitivities, both of the sensors and the polymers. It will be shown here how the significance of the irradiance values increases with increasing approximation of the spectral sensitivities of the sensor and polymer. Also, the mean square deviations are estimated, which result from using different activation energies and surface temperatures. A selection of different variables to describe the weathering exposure is created. The potential of either individual values or data pairs is evaluated in terms of significance or correlation to the calculated photooxidative ageing. Recording hourly data also enables subsequent evaluations of individual test specimens, adapted to the respective colour or to determine activation energies. An accumulated value, calculated from PIT-radiometer irradiance and a suited surface temperature, can provide a comparison of different outdoor exposures over different locations or years. Thus, a characterisation of the weathering exposure would be related to a reference spectral sensitivity (much closer to a polymer than that of a common UV radiometer), one reference activation energy, and different surface temperature scenarios with, on the one hand, graded solar absorptions (white / grey / black) and, on the other hand, different thermal couplings (coated metal / thick plastic). This results in three values each for plastic samples and coated metals (light / grey / dark). It will never be possible to accurately predict the weathering tests for individual samples (with their specific sensitivities), but the proposed approaches can go a long way towards the comparability of outdoor weathering exposures. T2 - 10th European Weathering Symposium EWS CY - Graz, Austria DA - 11.09.2024 KW - Polymer 3R KW - Outdoor weathering PY - 2024 SN - 978-3-9826129-1-1 SP - 121 EP - 133 PB - Stober Medien GmbH CY - Eggenstein AN - OPUS4-61291 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schoch, R. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Tan, Yi A1 - Lin, Xuebao A1 - Tröppner, O. A1 - Lang, M. A1 - Hochrein, T. A1 - Bastian, M. T1 - Langzeit- und Witterungsstabilität von halogenfreiem Flammschutz in Polymeren N2 - Die Forderung, dass der Flammschutz von Kunststoffen nicht nur zum bei der Herstellung der jeweiligen Produkte, sondern auch über die gesamte Einsatzdauer im geforderten Maß wirksam ist, stellt eine große Aufgabe dar. Ferner ist die Anforderung für viele Produkte in der Praxis neu, da bisher vor allem der Einfluss der Flammschutzmittel auf die Stabilität der Polymerwerkstoffe, nicht aber die Stabilität des Flammschutzes untersucht wurde. Das Langzeitverhalten halogenfreier Systeme ist bis heute wenig untersucht, insbesondere weil Phosphor- und Stickstoff-basierte Systeme die oxidative Beständigkeit von Polymeren weniger zu beeinflussen scheinen als halogenhaltige FSM. Die Frage, wie zuverlässig der Flammschutz wirkt, wenn Kunststoffe einige Jahre im Innen- und Außenbereich im Einsatz sind und dabei wechselnden Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt waren, wurde bislang nur vereinzelt untersucht. Mögliche Auswirkungen von Witterungseinflüssen auf flammgeschützte Polymerwerkstoffe sind, dass die Flammschutzmittel selbst abbauen, ausgewaschen werden, oder auch durch Wechselwirkung mit den eingesetzten Additiven oder mit den Alterungsprodukten der Polymermatrix in ihrer Wirkung nachlassen. Hier bestand großer Forschungsbedarf, um an den Punkt zu gelangen, die Beständigkeit der Flammschutzeigenschaften eines Produktes über seine gesamte Lebensdauer zuverlässig garantieren zu können. Diese Fragestellung greift das durchgeführte Forschungsvorhaben auf. Ziel war die Untersuchung der Langzeitstabilität der Flammschutzwirkung von halogenfrei flammgeschützten Polymerwerkstoffen unter diversen Witterungseinflüssen. Dazu wurden die Schädigungsmechanismen der Polymerwerkstoffe und der Flammschutzmittel sowie die auftretenden Wechselwirkungen analysiert, um ein Verständnis für die ablaufenden Prozesse zu entwickeln und Empfehlung für die Reduzierung der Alterung zu erarbeiten. Gegenstand der Untersuchungen waren anwendungsrelevante Flammschutz-Konzepte, die miteinander verglichen wurden. Die Erarbeitung von Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen ermöglichte die Beschreibung der Empfindlichkeiten und den Vergleich zwischen den Systemen. Darauf basierend wurden für die FSM spezifische Leitlinien für die Optimierung der Langzeitstabilität des Flammschutzes erstellt. N2 - The requirement that the flame retardancy of plastics is still effective to the required degree not only at the time of manufacture of the respective products, but also over the entire period of use, is a major challenge in view of the very long periods of time involved. In addition, the requirement is new for many products in practice, as up to now the influence of flame retardants on the stability of the polymer materials has been investigated, but not the stability of the flame retardant itself. The long-term behaviour of halogen-free systems has been little studied to date, especially because phosphorus- and nitrogen-based systems seem to have a much smaller influence on the oxidative stability of polymers than halogene containing flame retardants. The question of how reliable flame retardancy is when plastic products have been in use for several years indoors and outdoors and have been exposed to a wide range of climatic stresses has only been investigated in isolated cases. Possible effects of weathering on flame-retarded polymer materials are that the flame retardants themselves degrade, migrate or are washed out, or that their effect diminishes through interaction with other additives used or with the ageing products of the polymer matrix. At this point, there was a great need for research in order to reach the point where the stability of the flame retardant properties of a product can be reliably guaranteed over its entire service life. This question is taken up by the research project carried out. The aim of the research project was the systematic investigation of the long-term stability of the flame-retardant effect of halogen-free flame-retardant polymer materials under various weather conditions. For this purpose, the predominant damage mechanisms of the polymers and the flame retardants as well as the interactions occurring were analysed in order to develop an understanding of the processes taking place and to work out recommendations for reducing ageing. Subject of the investigations were different applicationrelevant flame retardant concepts, which were compared with each other. The development of structure-property relationships enabled the description of the specific sensitivities and the comparison between the different systems. Based on this, specific guidelines for the optimisation of the long-term stability of the flame retardants were developed for the different flame retardants. KW - Durability KW - Flame retardant KW - Flammschutz KW - Weathering KW - Ethylene-vinyl acetate KW - Cables KW - Polyamid KW - Langzeitstabilität PY - 2021 SN - 978-3-8440-7781-0 SN - 2364-754X SP - 1 EP - 222 PB - Shaker CY - Düren AN - OPUS4-54274 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tan, Yi A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Klack, Patrick A1 - Kukofka, Tobias A1 - Ruder, J. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Durability of the flame retardance of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer cables: Comparing different flame retardants exposed to different weathering conditions N2 - Scientific publications addressing the durability of the flame retardance of cables during their long-term application are rare and our understanding lacks. Three commercial flame retardants, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi-Et), and intumescent flame retardant based on ammonium polyphosphate, applied in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) model cables, are investigated. Different artificial aging scenarios were applied: accelerated weathering (UV-irradiation/temperature/rain phases), humidity exposure (elevated temperature/humidity), and salt spray exposure. The deterioration of cables’ surface and flame retardancy were monitored through imaging, color measurements, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and cone calorimeter investigations. Significant degradation of the materials’ surface occurred. The flame retardant EVA cables are most sensitive to humidity exposure; the cable with AlPi-Et is the most sensitive to the artificial aging scenarios. Nevertheless, substantial flame retardance persisted after being subjected for 2000 h, which indicates that the equivalent influence of natural exposure is limited for several years, but less so for long-term use. KW - Durability KW - Flame retardant KW - Cable KW - Weathering KW - Cone calorimeter PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.47548 SN - 0021-8995 VL - 137 IS - 1 SP - 47548 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-50237 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Wägner, Yannick A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Gedanken, Tipps & Tricks zu künstlichen Bewitterungsprüfungen N2 - Die Fragestellung kann nur exemplarisch dargestellt werden, aber ist hoffentlich auch für langjährige Praktiker in den ausgewählten Punkten interessant. Es sollen für folgende Bereiche Beispiele gegeben werden: Probenvorbereitung, Testvorbereitung, Testdurchführung und Auswertung. T2 - 53. Jahrestagung der GUS 2025 CY - Stutensee-Blankenloch bei Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 26.03.2025 KW - Wechseltemperaturen KW - Künstliche Bewitterung KW - Prüfung KW - UV KW - Feuchte KW - Beregnung PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-9826129-2-8 VL - 53 SP - 253 EP - 257 PB - Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation e.V. CY - 76327 Pfinztal (Berghausen) AN - OPUS4-62861 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Geburtig, Anja T1 - Alterungseffekte bei Polymerwerkstoffen messen N2 - Bei der Auswahl von Werkstoffen spielt deren Alterung oft eine untergeordnete Rolle, stattdessen wird häufig der ungealterte Ausgangszustand optimiert. Materialien altern aber unterschiedlich. Der Effekt der molekularen Alterung spiegelt sich in den Eigenschaften mehr oder weniger stark und in unterschiedlichem zeitlichen Verlauf wider. Da es kein physikalisch-chemisches Modell dafür gibt, sind Alterungseffekte empirisch zu bestimmen. KW - Alterung KW - Polymerwerkstoff KW - Eigenschaftsänderung PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nadc.201290356 SN - 1439-9598 SN - 1521-3854 VL - 60 IS - 10 SP - 1018 EP - 1022 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-26666 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schilling, Markus A1 - Marschall, Niklas A1 - Niebergall, Ute A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Böhning, Martin T1 - Characteristics of environmental stress cracking of PE-HD induced by biodiesel and diesel fuels N2 - In the context of the increasing effect of carbon dioxide emissions on the global climate biodiesel produced from renewable sources has emerged as a promising contender replacing fossil fuels, especially in long-range transport vehicles, using existing engines and infrastructure. High-density polyethylene is one of the prevailing materials for pipe and container applications for storage and transport of such fuels, both, from fossil and renewable resources. The contact with the respective fuels raises questions concerning material compatibility as biodiesel exhibits significant differences compared to conventional diesel fuel affecting its sorption and plasticization behavior in polyethylene. In this study, its behavior with respect to environmental stress cracking, considered one of the most frequent damage mechanisms leading to failure of polymer parts and packaging, was evaluated using the well-established Full Notch Creep Test. This approach allows for a detailed fracture surface analysis using imaging techniques, such as optical and laser scanning microscopy, as well as infrared spectroscopy. Comparing the environmental stress cracking behavior in standard surfactant solutions with that in biodiesel and diesel, respective crack propagation rates, showing different levels of acceleration, were determined and details of the underlying mechanisms could be revealed. Furthermore, the specific infrared absorption of the biodiesel’s ester functionality allows its semi-quantitative determination on the fracture surface of the tested specimens after failure. Thus, a preferred uptake of sorptive fluids in the fracture zone due to local morphological changes of the polyethylene could be directly evidenced by infrared spectroscopy. KW - Environmental stress cracking (ESC) KW - Full notch creep test (FNCT) KW - Confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM) KW - Biodiesel KW - Diesel PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608591 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108547 SN - 0142-9418 VL - 138 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60859 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erdmann, Maren A1 - Niebergall, Ute A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Böhning, Martin T1 - Evaluation of UV-induced embrittlement of PE-HD by Charpy impact test N2 - The impact fracture behavior of two common high-density polyethylene grades for container applications were intensively studied by the instrumented Charpy impact test after well-defined exposure to UV-irradiation. Individual stages of the impact event, such as crack initiation and crack propagation energy as well as maximum impact load, were investigated from the recorded load–deflection curves. UV-induced material property changes were further investigated by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic-mechanical analysis as well as density measurements. Based on the results of the Charpy impact test, three indicators were identified to describe the extend of photooxidation on high-density polyethylene: (a) a reduced Charpy impact strength—at least to half of its initial value for a distinctly brittle impact fracture, (b) a marked decrease in the crack propagation contribution to the impact strength, and (c) an increase of the brittle features of the fracture surface. KW - Degradation KW - Mechanical properties KW - Packaging KW - Polyolefins KW - Polyethylene PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509130 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.49069 SN - 0021-8995 VL - 137 IS - 36 SP - 49069 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-50913 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Hennecke, Manfred T1 - Chemiluminescence: A promising new testing method for plastic optical fibers N2 - The thermo-oxidative degradation of a polymeric optical cable is investigated by chemiluminescence, The results are reliable and reproducible. Two distinct processes are reported marked by a peak and a plateau behavior versus the time, respectively. Both processes are ruled by thermally activated processes. Beside the dependencies of temperature and time, the influence of absorbed water is discussed. Chemiluminescence is proposed as a promising candidate for a suitable testing method assessing the thermo-oxidative stability of plastic optical fibers and cables. it requires not more than a simple one-day testing procedure and has the advantage that it can be carried out even within the lo cv temperature ranges of the cables' intended use. KW - Chemiluminescence KW - Chemilumineszenz PY - 1999 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/50.803022 SN - 0733-8724 SN - 1558-2213 VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 2291 EP - 2296 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-718 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Trubiroha, Peter T1 - Chemiluminescence of polyethylenes as accelerated test for the efficiency of stabilisers and of the effect of recycling procedures T2 - Workshop on chemiluminescence CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2000-10-19 PY - 2000 SP - 1 EP - 10(?) AN - OPUS4-991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Geburtig, Anja A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Die Kunst der Fuge im Glasfassadenbau N2 - Ingenieurbauwerke wie Brücken, hoch beanspruchte Verkehrsflächen oder auch Hochhäuser und deren Bauwerksteile wie z.B. Hochhausfassaden werden aus technischen und ästhetischen Gründen durch Fugen in Einzelabschnitte unterteilt. Zur Sicherstellung der Gebrauchsfähigkeit und zum Schutz des Gesamtbauwerks, aber in zunehmendem Maße auch zur statisch-konstruktiven Anbindung der Bauwerksteile, werden diese Fugenspalte in aller Regel durch spezielle Fugenfüllsysteme verschlossen. Aufgrund der hohen Sicherheitsrelevanz bei Fugenfüllungen im Glasfassadenbau fordert das Baurecht auch bei diesen Bauprodukten als Voraussetzung für die baupraktische Verwendbarkeit neben dem Nachweis der Funktionsfähigkeit auch den Nachweis der Dauerhaftigkeit. Da die hierfür bekannten Nachweismethoden zur Dauerhaftigkeit keine allgemeine Zulassungsakzeptanz finden, kann das ästhetische, bauphysikalische und ökonomische Potential von modernen geklebten Ganzglasfassaden (sogenannte SSG-Fassaden) in der Baupraxis der Bundesrepublik Deutschland derzeit nicht ausgenutzt werden. Grund dafür sind die ungenügend erfassten und in den Bewertungsverfahren simulierten Wechselwirkungen derartiger Baukonstruktionen mit der Umwelt. In diesem Beitrag soll am Beispiel moderner Fugen im Glasfassadenbau (SSG-Fassaden) eine ganzheitliche gebrauchsbezogene Versuchsmethodik zur kontrollierten Ansprache der Funktionsfähigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit von Fugensystemen unter realitätsnah und reproduzierbar simulierten Umwelteinwirkungen vorgestellt werden. Dazu werden die maßgebenden Umwelteinflüsse und die Quantifizierung der daraus folgenden Beanspruchungen auf derartige Fugensysteme dargestellt. Basierend darauf werden eine repräsentative Beanspruchungsfunktion zur Nachstellung der maßgebenden Umwelteinflüsse und Beanspruchungen auf das System Tragrahmen - Fugenfüllung- Glasscheibe sowie eine geeignete Probendimensionierung abgeleitet. In der Konsequenz werden die Erkenntnisse in den Aufbau einer neuartigen komplexen Versuchseinrichtung überführt. Funktionsprinzip und Leistungsparameter dieser Anlage zur Umweltsimulation werden vorgestellt. Die Möglichkeiten der Systemkennzeichnung werden vorgestellt. Erste Versuchsergebnisse zeigen das Potential der neuartigen Bewertungsmethodik auf, die Kunst der Fuge im Bauwesen gebrauchsorientiert weiter zu entwickeln. T2 - 44. Jahrestagung der GUS 2015 CY - Stutensee-Blankenloch, Germany DA - 25.03.2015 KW - Umweltsimulation KW - Dauerhaftigkeit KW - Funktionsverhalten KW - Neue Untersuchungsmethodik PY - 2015 SN - 978-3-9816286-4-7 SP - 125 EP - 139 AN - OPUS4-33040 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker T1 - Gedanken, Tipps & Tricks zu künstlichen Bewitterungsprüfungen N2 - Die Fragestellung kann nur exemplarisch dargestellt werden, aber ist hoffentlich auch für langjährige Praktiker in den ausgewählten Punkten interessant. Es sollen für folgende Bereiche Beispiele gegeben werden: Probenvorbereitung, Testvorbereitung, Testdurchführung und Auswertung. T2 - 53. Jahrestagung der GUS 2025; Umwelteinflüsse erfassen, simulieren, bewerten. CY - Stutensee, Germany DA - 26.03.2025 KW - Künstliche Bewitterung KW - Umweltsimulation KW - Wechseltemperaturen KW - Prüfung KW - UV KW - Feuchte KW - Beregnung PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-62862 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Hennecke, Manfred A1 - Grell, M. A1 - Bradley, D.D.C. T1 - Polarized fluorescence and orientational order parameters of a liquid-crystalline conjugated polymer N2 - We report a study of the orientational order of aligned thin films of the liquid crystalline conjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene). Steady state polarized fluorescence measurements were used to determine the orientational order parameter and . The influence of intermolecular and intramolecular excitation energy transfer on the degree of polarization is discussed. The role of film morphology is also examined by comparison of the results for glassy and crystalline films. KW - Liquid-cristalline conjugated Polymer KW - Polarized fluorescence measurements PY - 1999 SN - 1098-0121 SN - 0163-1829 SN - 0556-2805 SN - 1095-3795 SN - 1550-235X VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 277 EP - 283 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Frasca, Daniele A1 - Schulze, Dietmar A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Krafft, Bernd A1 - Morys, Michael A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Rybak, Thomas T1 - Multilayer graphene rubber nanocomposites N2 - Multilayer Graphene (MLG), a nanoparticle with a specific surface of BET = 250 m²/g and thus made of only approximately 10 graphene sheets, is proposed as a nanofiller for rubbers. When homogenously dispersed, it works at low loadings enabling the replacement of carbon black (CB), increase in efficiency, or reduction in filler concentration. Actually the appropriate preparation yielded nanocomposites in which just 3 phr are sufficient to significantly improve the rheological, curing and mechanical properties of different rubbers, as shown for Chlorine-Isobutylene-Isoprene Rubber (CIIR), Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber (NBR), Natural Rubber (NR), and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR). A mere 3 phr of MLG tripled the Young’s modulus of CIIR, an effect equivalent to 20 phr of carbon black. Similar equivalents are observed for MLG/CB mixtures. MLG reduces gas permeability, increases thermal and electrical conductivities, and retards fire behavior. The later shown by the reduction in heat release rate in the cone calorimeter. The higher the nanofiller concentration is (3 phr, 5 phr, and 10 phr was investigated), the greater the improvement in the properties of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the MLG nanocomposites improve stability of mechanical properties against weathering. An increase in UV-absorption as well as a pronounced radical scavenging are proposed and were proved experimentally. To sum up, MLG is interesting as a multifunctional nanofiller and seems to be quite ready for rubber development. T2 - TOP 2016, VIII International Conference on “Times of Polymers and Composites” CY - Naples, Italy DA - 19.06.2016 KW - Graphene KW - Nanocomposite KW - Rubber PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-7354-1390-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4949621 SN - 0094-243X SN - 1551-7616 VL - 1736 SP - 020046, 1 EP - 4 PB - AIP AN - OPUS4-36864 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niebergall, Ute A1 - Zanotto, M. A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Böhning, Martin T1 - Impact of biodiesel sorption on tensile properties of PE-HD for container applications N2 - In previous papers, we investigated the influence of biodiesel or diesel on mechanical properties of a high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) for tank applications using Charpy impact tests and dynamicmechanical analysis (DMA). In this work, covering two more PE-HD materials, we extend our study to addressing the tensile properties, especially changes of Young's modulus, after immersion in biodiesel or diesel at 60 °C. As we cover sorption and desorption behavior, during desorption, i.e. storage at 60 °C in a circulating air oven, ageing or degradation phenomena were also observed and characterized in some detail using spectral reflectance measurements and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results obtained here support the concept of co-oxidation, i.e. the faster oxidation of the PE-HD matrix if the samples were previously saturated with biodiesel, itself easily oxidizable. KW - polyethylene KW - biodiesel KW - biofuels KW - sorption KW - plasticization KW - degradation PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.01.025 SN - 0142-9418 VL - 50 SP - 315 EP - 324 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-35369 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -