TY - JOUR A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wieser, Günter A1 - Qiao, Linan T1 - Safety Margins of Spent Fuel Transport and Storage Casks Considering Aircraft Crash Impacts PY - 2002 SN - 0957-476X VL - 13 IS - 3-4 SP - 313 EP - 316 PB - Nuclear Technology Publ. CY - Ashford, Kent AN - OPUS4-2697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Kasparek, Eva Maria A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Modeling of cylindrical casks under horizontal drop test conditions N2 - Cylindrical casks made of ductile cast iron are used for transport, interim storage and final disposal of radioactive waste in Germany. A basic design criterion is the ability to withstand a horizontal drop without impact Binders onto a foundation representative for the real ground of a storage facility. The increasing use of more cost-effective material compositions requires optimized cask geometries to reduce stresses and strains in the cask structure. For example, a non-uniform wall thickness was introduced to reduce maximum wall bending stresses. As a result, the load characteristics changed from line load to point load at bottom and lid side under horizontal drop fest conditions. Hereby, the position of highest stress inside the structure has shifted significantly. This was the reason for a systematic investigation of effects caused by small design changes or small variations of fest conditions. It led to a better understanding of the positions of high local stresses, their time history and maximum value for cylindrical casks under horizontal drop test conditions. Hence, the paper presents the lessons learnt from modeling and simulating such scenarios considering an impact without limiters onto a realistic target. T2 - 14th International high-level radioactive waste management conference CY - Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA DA - 28.04.2013 KW - Cylindrical cask KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Numerical simulation KW - Horizontal drop test KW - Storage facility KW - Concrete foundation PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-62748-644-6 SP - 1114 EP - 1119 (Paper # 6862) PB - Omnipress AN - OPUS4-28529 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Wieser, Günter A1 - Völzke, Holger ED - Topping, B. H. V. ED - M. Papadrakakis, T1 - Numerical safety assessment of a transport and storage cask for radioactive materials without impact limiters by the 0.3m drop test onto an unyielding target T2 - 9th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology (CST2008) CY - Athens, Greece DA - 2008-09-02 KW - Impact KW - Simulation KW - Cask KW - Safety KW - Drop KW - Foundation KW - Unyielding KW - Target PY - 2008 SN - 978-1-905088-23-2 IS - Paper 21 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Civil Comp Press CY - Kippen AN - OPUS4-18340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Wieser, Günter A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Numerische Analyse eines ungedämpften Behälterabsturzes aus 0,3 m Höhe T2 - Jahrestagung Kerntechnik CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 2008-05-27 KW - Duktiles Gusseisen KW - Behälterdesign KW - Sicherheitsanalyse KW - Dynamische Beanspruchungsbedingungen KW - Finite-Element-Berechnung PY - 2008 SP - 380 EP - 383 PB - INFORUM-Verl. u. Verwaltungsges. CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-18314 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wieser, Günter A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Eberle, Arno A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Thermomechanical Finite-Element Analyses of Bolted Cask Lid Structures KW - Aircraft crash KW - Fire load KW - Simulation KW - Lid-seal system KW - Storage cask KW - Metallic seal KW - Leakage rate PY - 2004 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 15 IS - 3-4 SP - 223 EP - 230 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-14440 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wieser, Günter A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Safety analysis of casks under extreme impact conditions KW - Aircraft crash KW - Impact load KW - Simulation KW - Lid-seal system KW - Storage cask KW - Metallic seal KW - Leakage rate PY - 2004 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 141 EP - 147 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-14441 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Kasparek, Eva Maria A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Scheidemann, Robert T1 - Development of a finite element model for damping concrete under severe impact loads N2 - Finite element analysis (FEA) has been carried out for investigation of damping concrete under different impact loading conditions with a built-in material model and damage criteria available in FEA code ABAQUS. At first, all parameters for the selected material model had been derived from compression Tests of cubic specimens. After that, a validation was carried out with different static and dynamic penetration tests. Finally, a 5 meter real drop test with a 23 Mg cylindrical cask could successfully be simulated. T2 - PATRAM 2013 - 17th International symposium on the packaging and transportation of radioactive materials CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 18.08.2013 PY - 2013 SP - Session D, Paper 127, 1 EP - 10 PB - Omnipress AN - OPUS4-29110 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Mechanical safety analyses of cast iron containers for the KONRAD repository N2 - Within the last years BAM has carried out numerous drop tests with prototype casks made of ductile cast iron onto targets according to the requirements for final disposal of non-heat generating waste in the German KONRAD repository. The results have shown that the target specifications in the acceptance criteria have to be defined more accurately to get reproducible test results with high precision. Hence, a suitable test stand foundation was developed with much effort. The integrity of the upper concrete layer of this target must be preserved during a test. Recently the geometrical properties of a tested cubic cast iron container led to a concentration of the impact forces beneath the container walls. The target was damaged strongly with the consequence of inadmissible reduction of cask stresses. For that reason the target construction was modified. However, the basic design was not changed. A prefabricated concrete slab was still joined by a mortar layer to the IAEA target of the BAM drop test facility. In the course of the optimization of the test stand foundation the concrete slab dimensions and the reinforcement were enlarged. During the drop test repetition the target kept intact. Additionally, the mechanical behavior of the cast iron container and the target was analyzed by finite element calculations. This improved target construction is suggested as a reference target for drop tests with casks whose mass and base area are covered by the container types VI or VII respectively according to the KONRAD repository acceptance criteria. The measurements during the drop tests with cast iron casks have provided the strains on the cask surface at selected positions. This allows the verification of finite element simulations of drop tests which show the stress distribution also inside the component. In September 2008 a drop test was carried out with a cylindrical cast iron cask containing an artificial material defect which was designed under consideration of critical stress states in the cask body. This drop test could demonstrate the safety against failure by fracture of a cask made of a special cast iron with reduced fracture toughness. T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials CY - London, UK DA - 2010-10-03 KW - Ductile iron KW - Container design KW - Safety assessment KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Dynamic loading conditions PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 8 (Session T28 / Paper 220) AN - OPUS4-23844 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Musolff, André ED - Topping, B.H.V. T1 - Validation of numerical simulation models for transport and storage casks using drop test results N2 - The safety assessment of new designs for transport and storage casks for radioactive materials is a challenging task accomplished using different methods such as prototype tests, model tests, calculations and analogy reflections. At BAM (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing), the test procedures for the mechanical IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) test conditions often start with preliminary finite element (FE) calculations mostly with a small-scale cask model for verification of the proposed test cask instrumentation and test plan. On that basis the extensive test cask instrumentation is applied and checked. After that, a series of drop tests consisting of different test sequences is performed. Following the drop tests, numerical post-analyses are carried out. These analyses offer the possibility of a detailed calculation and assessment of stresses and strains in the entire test cask construction. The calculation results have to be carefully compared with the measurement data over the impact history to find out all relevant parameters for a realistic simulation of the impact scenario. The desired ideal boundary test conditions often cannot be met exactly during the drop tests. Therefore, the numerical post-analyses are carried out by using the real boundary conditions of the drop tests. The objective is to find a validated model, where the results of the numerical simulations satisfactorily meet the experimental results. Under test conditions according to the IAEA transport regulations, casks are usually equipped with impact limiters and dropped onto a so-called unyielding target. In general, it is difficult to verify a complex FE model by using results from only one drop test because of the complex impact process and the complex structure of such packages. After each drop test, numerical post-analyses should be carried out. Only if all drop tests were simulated successfully by using the same FE model under different test conditions, it is possible to obtain a validated numerical model for further investigations. In this case the results of the numerical simulations meet satisfactorily the experimental results. In this paper a study is presented, where the influence of different components on the cask loading is investigated systematically. T2 - 11th International conference on computational structures technology CY - Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 2012-09-04 KW - Impact KW - Simulation KW - Cask KW - Dop test KW - Finite element model KW - Validation KW - Dynamics KW - Transport and storage cask PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4203/ccp.99.273 SN - 1759-3433 IS - Paper 273 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Civil Comp Press AN - OPUS4-26537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Kasparek, Eva Maria A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Müller, Karsten A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Dynamic penetration tests on shock absorbing damping concrete T2 - WM2014 Conference CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 2014-03-02 KW - Drop test KW - Dynamic KW - Penetration KW - Damping concrete PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-9836186-3-8 SP - Paper 14166, 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-31948 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -