TY - JOUR A1 - Tabaka, Weronika A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Lauterbach, Tobias A1 - Medina, L. A1 - Berglund, L. A. A1 - Carosio, F. A1 - Duquesne, S. A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Bench-scale fire stability testing - Assessment of protective systems on carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites N2 - Fire resistance testing of components made of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) usually demands intermediate-scale or full-scale testing. A bench-scale test is presented as a practicable and efficient method to assess how different fire protective systems improve the structural integrity of CFRPs during fire. The direct flame of a fully developed fire was applied to one side of the CFRP specimen, which was simultaneously loaded with compressive force. Three different approaches (film, non-woven, and coatings) were applied: paper with a thickness in the range of μm consisting of cellulose nanofibre (CNF)/clay nanocomposite, nonwoven mats with thickness in the range of cm and intumescent coatings with a thickness in the range of mm. The uncoated specimen failed after just 17 s. Protection by these systems provides fire stability, as they multiply the time to failure by as much as up to 43 times. The reduced heating rates of the protected specimens demonstrate the reduced heat penetration, indicating the coatings’ excellent heat shielding properties. Bench-scale fire stability testing is shown to be suitable tool to identify, compare and assess different approaches to fire protection. KW - Fire stability KW - Bench-scale fire resistance KW - Carbon fibre reinforced polymer KW - Protective coatings PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-532401 SN - 0142-9418 SN - 1873-2348 VL - 102 SP - 7340 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-53240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Hörold, Andreas A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Shells in Fire: Structural Integrity In Intermediate-Scale T2 - FRPM 2015, 15th European Meeting on Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-06-22 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33628 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Timme, Sebastian T1 - Composites in fire. A safety aspect for public transportation T2 - Fire Science Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-11-29 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-30976 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Hörold, Andreas A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Composites in fire: Intermediate-scale testing of sandwich panels and shells N2 - Intermediate-scale testing is indispensable when investigating the fire resistance under simultaneous compressive load of components made of glass- and carbon-fibre-reinforced composites (GFRP and CFRP). BAM is successfully operating an intermediate-scale test stand, developed for a specimen size of 500 mm x 500 mm (1000 mm). The fire resistance in terms of fire stability of CFRP and GFRP sandwiches are investigated, e.g. at 20 % of their compressive failure load at room temperature. Times to failure increase by up to a factor of 4 due to intumescent coatings. For GFRP sandwiches, different core structures with and without additional flame retardants show an astonishing impact on time to failure. CFRP shell structures are investigated on the intermediate scale with and without stringer reinforcements, resulting in completely different mechanical failure behaviour in the ultimate load test as opposed to the fire resistance test. The stringers become the only load-carrying part, while the shell acts as a protective layer. Thus the design exploiting this self-protection potential, i.e. the residue of the front skin protecting the load-bearing structure, is highlighted as a most promising route to enhance the fire resistance of lightweight materials. T2 - Interflam 2016 CY - Egham, Surrey, UK DA - 04.06.2016 KW - composite KW - fire stability KW - fire resistance KW - sandwich panels KW - shells KW - intermediate-scale testing PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-9933933-2-7 SN - 978-0-9933933-3-4 VL - 2 SP - 1465 EP - 1470 PB - Interscience communications AN - OPUS4-36892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pötzsch, Sina A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Skoczowsky, Danilo A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Krüger, Simone T1 - Fire protection systems for tanks made of GFRP N2 - The application of lightweight materials for tanks for transportation appears promising. Besides saving weight and therefore transportation costs, new complex geometries that depart from common cylindrical shapes of steel tanks can be manufactured. For transportation of dangerous goods, fire and explosion safety must be maintained to prevent accidents with serious consequences. In this work the fire behavior of lightweight tanks made from glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) with complex geometries is investigated. Pretests on intermediate scale GFRP plates are conducted to identify suitable fire protection systems and surface treatments for composite tanks. The fire resistance is shown to be improved by addition of fire protective coatings and integrated layers. Finally, a complex rectangular GFRP tank with a holding capacity of 1100 liters is fire protected with an intumescent fire coating. The tank is filled up to 80 % with water and burned under an engulfing fully developed fire. It was shown that the intumescent layer could expand before the decomposition of the resin occurred. Furthermore, the adhesion between tank surface and coating was maintained. The structure could withstand a fire for more than 20 min. T2 - ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) 2017 CY - Tampa, Florida, USA DA - 03.11.2017 KW - Lightweight tank KW - Composites in fire KW - GFRP KW - Fire retardants KW - Intumescent layer PY - 2017 SN - 978-0-7918-5849-3 VL - 14 SP - Article UNSP V014T14A017, 1 EP - 6 PB - ASME Press AN - OPUS4-42991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Korzen, Manfred A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Fire stability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer shells on the intermediate-scale N2 - The fire stability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) shell structures was investigated using an intermediate-scale test setup. The shell specimens are representative of typical load-bearing CFRPs in modern civil aviation. The CFRP shell specimens were exposed to a fully developed fire with direct flame impingement to one side at a heat flux of 182 kW/m2. Specimens were simultaneously loaded with constant compressive force equal to 40% of the ultimate failure load. CFRP shells and four different fire retarding configurations, using integrated protective layers, were investigated. Unprotected CFRP specimens failed after just 27 s. Specimens with integrated protective layers with low heat conductivity and high burn-through resistance showed the most promising results. An integrated titanium foil decelerated the decomposition of the epoxy matrix and increased the time to failure by 68% compared to the unprotected CFRP shell. KW - Fire stability KW - Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) KW - Thermomechanical properties KW - Buckling KW - Fully developed fire PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.07.025 SN - 0263-8223 SN - 1879-1085 VL - 178 SP - 320 EP - 329 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-41283 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Hörold, Andreas A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Structural integrity in Fire: An intermediate-scale approach for testing composites T2 - The Seventh Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference CY - Philadelphia, PA, USA DA - 2013-12-02 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29724 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Hörold, Andreas A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Trappe, Volker A1 - Korzen, Manfred T1 - Structural Integrity in Fire: An Intermediate-Scale Approach on Plain and Shell-Structured Composites T2 - 16th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM16 CY - Seville, Spain DA - 2014-06-22 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31057 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Timme, Sebastian T1 - Structural integrity of CFRP in fire N2 - Fire stabilty of carbon fiber reinforced polymer shell structurres in intermediate-scale (500 x 500 mm²). Specimen is exposed to fully developed fire and loaded with static compressive force. Time to failure of CFRP is measured. T2 - Working group seminar 7.5 (Schartel) CY - Plockhorst, Germany DA - 13.03.2016 KW - Carbon fiber reinforced polymer KW - Fire stability KW - Intermediate-scale KW - Shell structure KW - Structural integrity PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36069 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -