TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf ED - Ludwig, C. ED - Matasci, C. ED - Edelmann, X. T1 - Recovery of metals from waste, an example for the resource cycle N2 - Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) consists of eiemental metals in considerable amounts. The fine fraction < 4 mm additionally contains chemically bound metals (oxides, carbonates, Silicates). Separation prospects with techniques as in ore processing (flotation, density separation, bioleaching, hydrothermal solution) are discussed. During alteration after wet extraction mineral material with hydraulic properties form coatings on almost all particles of the bottom ash and complicate separation procedures. ln addition bottom ash from MSWI is a heterogeneaus material. For sufficient enrichment different concerted treatment steps seemed to be essential associated with an uncertainty of economic viability. The utilisation of metal compounds present in bottom ash as secondary raw material depends on the energy- and resource-efficiency of the enrichment processes. Therefore energy and material flow considerations are presented. KW - Recyclable material KW - Recycling technology KW - Waste management PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-347572 UR - http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/213010 SN - 978-3-9521409-6-3 SP - 289 EP - 293 AN - OPUS4-34757 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Abis, M. A1 - Bruno, M. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Grönhom, R. A1 - Kuchta, K. A1 - Fiore, S. ED - Medici, F. T1 - A Novel Dry Treatment for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash for the Reduction of Salts and Potential Toxic Elements N2 - The main obstacle to bottom ash (BA) being used as a recycling aggregate is the content of salts and potential toxic elements (PTEs), concentrated in a layer that coats BA particles. This work presents a dry treatment for the removal of salts and PTEs from BA particles. Two pilotscale abrasion units (with/without the removal of the fine particles) were fed with different BA samples. The performance of the abrasion tests was assessed through the analyses of particle size and moisture, and that of the column leaching tests at solid-to-liquid ratios between 0.3 and 4. The results were: the particle-size distribution of the treated materials was homogeneous (25 wt % had dimensions <6.3 mm) and their moisture halved, as well as the electrical conductivity of the leachates. A significant decrease was observed in the leachates of the treated BA for sulphates (44%), chlorides (26%), and PTEs (53% Cr, 60% Cu and 8% Mo). The statistical analysis revealed good correlations between chloride and sulphate concentrations in the leachates with Ba, Cu, Mo, and Sr, illustrating the consistent behavior of the major and minor components of the layer surrounding BA particles. In conclusion, the tested process could be considered as promising for the improvement of BA valorization. KW - Bottom ash KW - Dry treatment KW - Municipal solid waste PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-552161 SN - 978-3-0365-3063-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113133 SP - 57 EP - 71 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-55216 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rohn, H. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Schmidt, M. A1 - Giegrich, J. A1 - Oberender, C. A1 - Denz, W. A1 - Niebaum, A. ED - Ludwig, C. ED - Matasci, C. T1 - The Guideline Series VDI 4800 Resource Efficiency: An Approach for Increasing Resource Efficiency with Aim of Conservation of Natural Resources in the Industrial Sector N2 - In 2011, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) started working on a set of guidelines towards increased resource efficiency. These guidelines represent a framework that defines resource efficiency and outlines considerations for the producing industry. A special guideline for SMEs is included as well as guidelines on methodologies for evaluating resource use indicators, such as the cumulative raw material demand of products and production systems. Resource efficiency, defined here as the relationship between a specific benefit or use and the natural resources that need to be spent or consumed to attain this benefit or use. It can be evaluated by defining a function which expresses the specific benefit and quantifies the resource requirements through a set of indicators (use of raw materials, energy, water, land and ecosystem services including sinks). The results from this also depend on the system boundary parameters and the allocation rules for by-products and waste treatment options. Optimising resource use is possible at all stages of a product’s or production system’s life cycle chain (raw material extraction, production and manufacturing, use and consumption, and the end-of-life stage). VDI guidelines are widely accepted across Germany’s industrial sector and therefore represent an important means of mainstreaming resource efficiency in this target area. As well as providing a methodological framework, the guidelines describe strategies and measures towards increasing resource efficiency, and they enable industrial producers and service providers to identify potential areas of improvement. The full article presents an overview of the methodology and contents of these guidelines and discusses their impact in achieving absolute reductions in the industrial use of natural resources. KW - Resource efficiency KW - Life cycle thinking KW - Products and production systems KW - Standardization PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-426443 UR - https://www.wrforum.org/wrfpublicationspdf/boosting-resource-productivity/ SN - 978-3-9521409-7-0 SP - 125 EP - 132 PB - Paul Scherrer Institute CY - Villigen PSI, Switzerland ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-42644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Schütt, Ch. A1 - Birke, V. ED - Zekkos, Dimitrios ED - Farid, Arvin ED - De, Anirban ED - Reddy, Krishna R. ED - Yesiller, Nazli T1 - Zero Valent Metal (ZVI) Nanoparticles in Geotextiles and Geomembranes N2 - Reactive geomembranes and geotextiles are an innovative approach to control the migration of contaminants in geotechnical applications. Within a joint research project in cooperation with a medium-sized enterprise, the preparation and characterization of “reactive” geomembranes and geotextiles modified by the addition of zero-valent metal nanoparticles was performed. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles were added to polyethylene or to the fillings of geo-containers or geosynthetic clay liners. These geosynthetic products consist of mixtures of sand with clay or bentonite, typically embedded in geotextile nonwovens or geomats. The permeability of these geo-containers can be adjusted by the ratio of clay or bentonite to sand. ZVI nanoparticles were also added as reactive material to geomembranes made of polyethylene with additives like the antioxidant Irganox 1010 or glycerin. These additives prohibit oxidation of the nanoparticle and act as hydrogen donor in the dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Contaminates such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metal compounds are either decomposed or converted to less toxic species (e.g. Cr-(VI) reduction to Cr-(III)). The paper reports the first experimental results from manufacturing of the reactive geomembrane model materials and characterization of the products with microscopic techniques. First breakthrough measurements of the ZVI modified geomembrane compared to a reference sample are presented. KW - geomembranes KW - geotextiles KW - nano particles KW - nano iron PY - 2016 UR - http://ascelibrary.org/page/books/s-gsp SN - 978-0-7844-8012-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480120 VL - 269 SP - 498 EP - 507 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers CY - Reston, VA, USA ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-37264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Akkerman, Floris ED - L.M. Hilty, ED - H. Itoh, ED - K. Hayashi, ED - Edelmann, X. T1 - Ecodesign and rebound effects T2 - R `09 Twin world congress and world resources forum CY - Nagoya, Japan and Davos, Switzerland DA - 2009-09-14 KW - Energy efficiency KW - Rebound KW - Ecodesign PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-905594-54-6 SP - 1 EP - 6(?) AN - OPUS4-19895 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Ludwig, S. A1 - Meggyes, Tamás A1 - Stewart, D. A1 - Roehl, K. ED - Roehl, K. T1 - Regulatory and economic aspects KW - Groundwater remediation KW - Permeable Reactive Barrier KW - Long-term Performance KW - Elemental Iron KW - Hydroxyapatite PY - 2005 SN - 0-444-51536-4 N1 - Serientitel: Trace metals and other contaminates in the environment – Series title: Trace metals and other contaminates in the environment IS - 7 SP - 311 EP - 321 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Roehl, K.E. A1 - Czurda, K. A1 - Meggyes, Tamás A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Stewart, D.I. ED - Roehl, K. T1 - Permeable reactive barriers KW - Groundwater remediation KW - Permeable Reactive Barrier KW - Long-term Performance KW - Elemental Iron KW - Hydroxyapatite PY - 2005 SN - 0-444-51536-4 N1 - Serientitel: Trace metals and other contaminates in the environment – Series title: Trace metals and other contaminates in the environment IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7542 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Biermann, Vera ED - Roehl, K. T1 - Behaviour of uranium in elemental iron and hydroxyapatite reactive barriers: column experiments KW - Groundwater remediation KW - Permeable Reactive Barrier KW - Long-term Performance KW - Elemental Iron KW - Hydroxyapatite PY - 2005 SN - 0-444-51536-4 N1 - Serientitel: Trace metals and other contaminates in the environment – Series title: Trace metals and other contaminates in the environment IS - 7 SP - 77 EP - 109 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Böhm, J. A1 - Debreczeni, Á. A1 - Gombkötö, I. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Csövári, M. ED - Roehl, K. T1 - Laboratory tests using natural groundwater KW - Groundwater remediation KW - Permeable Reactive Barrier KW - Long-term Performance KW - Elemental Iron KW - Hydroxyapatite PY - 2005 SN - 0-444-51536-4 N1 - Serientitel: Trace metals and other contaminates in the environment – Series title: Trace metals and other contaminates in the environment IS - 7 SP - 111 EP - 136 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Biermann, Vera A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Csövári, M. A1 - Csicsák, J. A1 - Földing, G. A1 - Simoncsics, G. ED - Merkel, B. ED - Hasche-Berger, A. T1 - Long-term performance of reactive materials in PRBs for uranium remediation N2 - Elemental iron (Fe0) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were evaluated as reactive materials in PRBs for uranium remediation. Laboratory experiments were carried out and a pilot-scale reactive barrier with Fe0 was installed in Pécs (Southern Hungary). Results of 2.5 years of operation are reported. The PRB has a considerable influence on groundwater composition: uranium concentrations decrease from 900 µg/l to <10 µg/l, TDS drop from 1,000 mg/l to 500 mg/l. T2 - 4. Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology Congress CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 2005-09-11 KW - PRBs KW - Permeable Reaktive Wände KW - Grundwassersanierung KW - Uran PY - 2006 SN - 3-540-28363-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28367-6_28 SP - 275 EP - 285 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-10886 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -