TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Bandow, Nicole T1 - Significance of cadmium from artists‘ paints to agricultural soil and the food chain N2 - An Annex XV restriction dossier for cadmium in artists’ paints was submitted by an EU member state to the European Chemicals Agency ECHA. By cleaning used brushes under the tap cadmium can enter the food chain via waste water treatment and subsequent agricultural application of the sewage sludge. It was estimated that 110 kg Cd per year is spread on agricultural land via this exposure route. Other sources of Cd amount to almost 120 tons per year. The mobility of Cd from pigments was studied in a field-like scenario by leaching experiments using soil samples amended with sewage sludge and spiked with Cd pigments in percolation columns. The redox conditions were confirmed to be the decisive factor for the release of Cd. The release of Cd from artists’ paints was in most cases 1% or lower in the experiments performed. Cd from artists’ paints in sewage sludge applied in agriculture will be mobilized for intake by crops or to leaching either by oxidation of sulfide to sulfate or by dissolution at lower pH values. The quantity of Cd from artists’ paints calculated in the restriction dossier is however negligible compared to other sources of Cd to agricultural soil. Therefore ECHA did not consider the proposed restriction to be the most appropriate EU wide measure to address the negligible level of risk. In the presentation sources of Cd on agricultural land will be discussed together with possible policy instruments to mitigate such emissions. T2 - 9th International Cadmium Conference CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 26.10.2016 KW - Cadmium KW - REACH KW - leaching PY - 2016 UR - http://www.conference.cadmium.org/ SP - 9 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-38473 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf T1 - Exergetische Bewertung von Rohstoffen am Beispiel von Kupfer T1 - Exergetic assessment of raw materials using the example of copper N2 - Für die Herstellung von Kupfer aus Primär- und Sekundärressourcen wurde eine Exergieanalyse der Aufbereitungs- und Gewinnungsverfahren durchgeführt. Für die Stoffgemische Kupfererz, Kupferkonzentrat und Hausmüllverbrennungsasche wurden die Exergien tabellarisch berechnet. Die Exergieaufwände der technischen Prozesse zur Kupferherstellung wurden mit den thermodynamisch minimal notwendigen Aufwänden verglichen. Die Nutzung von Sekundärrohstoffen aus Abfällen ist über weite Bereiche vorteilhaft, insb. wenn das Kupfer bereits in der metallischen Form vorliegt. KW - Exergie KW - Hausmüllverbrennungsasche KW - Hydrometallurgie KW - Pyrometallurgie KW - Kumulierter Exergieaufwand PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-390496 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cite.201600089/epdf DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201600089 SN - 1522-2640 SN - 0009-286X VL - 89 IS - 1-2, SI SP - 108 EP - 116 PB - Wiley VCH Verlag CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-39049 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf T1 - Reduction of natural resource use by improving resource efficiency N2 - In 2011, the German Association of Engineers (VDI) started working on a set of guidelines dealing with the improvement of resource efficiency. These guidelines represent a framework that defines resource efficiency and outlines proposals for the producing industry. A special guideline for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is included as well as guidelines on methodologies for evaluating resource use indicators, such as the cumulative raw material demand of products and production systems. The work on resource use indicators is still in progress. The evaluation of raw materials expenditure will include water, soil and land use. The model will include the availability of raw materials (criticality). Improving resource efficiency at the end-of-life stage is illustrated in this paper by the example of materials recovery from waste, here from residues out of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). With mechanical treatment valuable materials like ferrous and non-ferrous metals and secondary construction material can be extracted from MSWI bottom ash. The potential contribution on the resource efficiency is discussed. KW - Resource efficiency KW - Raw material equivalent KW - Mechanical treatment KW - Bottom ash KW - Waste incineration KW - Secondary raw materials KW - Product life cycle PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-356490 UR - http://www.hrpub.org/journals/jour_archive.php?id=62&iid=877 DO - https://doi.org/10.13189/ ujms.2016.040302 SN - 2331-6691 SN - 2331-6705 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 54 EP - 59 PB - Horizon Research Publishing CY - Alhambra, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-35649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Thermochemische Aufbereitung von Klärschlammaschen zu Phosphordüngern - Das EU-Projekt SUSAN T2 - 75. Darmstädter Seminar "Abwassertechnik" CY - Darmstadt, Deutschland DA - 2005-11-12 KW - Phosphor KW - Ressourcenschutz KW - Thermochemische Behandlung KW - Chlorierung KW - Düngemittel KW - Stofftrennung KW - Klärschlamm KW - Mono-Verbrennung PY - 2005 SN - 3-932518-63-2 N1 - Serientitel: Schriftenreihe WAR – Series title: Schriftenreihe WAR IS - 167 SP - 265 EP - 285 PB - Inst. WAR CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-11683 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleis, Markus A1 - Gehrmann, Hans-Joachim A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - VDI-Richtlinie 3925 – Anwendung auf zwei Fallbeispiele N2 - Die VDI-Richtlinie 3925 entstand aus Diskussionen und Fragestellungen, die sich aus der Anwendung unterschiedlichster Methoden zur Bewertung verschiedener Verfahrenskonzepten aus dem Bereich der Abfallbehandlung ergeben haben. Je nach nachdem, wo der Focus der vorzunehmenden Bewertung liegt, wird sich die Methodik an diese Ziele anpassen oder - falls es die entsprechende Methodik noch nicht geben sollte - sich die Fragestellung anpassen müssen. T2 - ProcessNet Jahrestreffen CY - Frankfurt/Main DA - 23.02.2016 KW - Wirkungsgrad KW - Exergie KW - Abfallbehandlung KW - Ökobilanz PY - 2016 SP - 25 EP - 26 PB - ProcessNet CY - Frankfurt/Main AN - OPUS4-35506 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lopez Meza, Sarynna A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Effect of contact time on the release of contaminants from granular waste materials during column leaching experiments N2 - When reusing or disposing of contaminated granular waste materials there is a need to evaluate how the contaminants will interact on the pathway soil-groundwater and the effect this interaction will have on the surrounding environment. While column testing can provide a closer approximation to field percolation conditions than batch testing, there is still a need to develop column testing procedures that consider the requirements of practical testing time frames. This study evaluates the effect of different column contact times (2.5, 5, and 16 h) on the release of inorganic constituents from bottom ash and demolition waste, two commonly reused granular materials. Leaching data for representative constituents of concern, such as copper, chromium, sulfate and chloride, as well as pH and electrical conductivity was compared for all different contact times studied. Results for the materials investigated in this study showed that variations in contact time have no significant effect on the release of the selected constituents and leaching parameters at low liquid to solid ratios. However, after a liquid to solid ratio of 1 L/kg, the effect is more noticeable, and higher contact times show lower pH values as well as a reduction in the release of constituents of concern from bottom ash. In the case of demolition waste, the variation of contact time did not have a strong effect on the leaching behavior. KW - Leaching procedures KW - Standardisation KW - Column tests KW - Contact time KW - Granular materials KW - Waste PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.11.022 SN - 0956-053X VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 565 EP - 571 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-20934 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Verwertungsoptionen für Verbrennungsrückstände biogenen Ursprungs PY - 2009 N1 - Serientitel: Schriftenreihe: Club Niederösterreich – Series title: Schriftenreihe: Club Niederösterreich VL - 4/5 SP - 46 EP - 56 CY - Wien, Österreich AN - OPUS4-20389 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - López Meza, S. T1 - Leaching experiments on the release of heavy metals and PAH from C&D waste and MSWI bottom ash N2 - Leaching tests are fundamental tools for the assessment of long-term impact of contaminated waste materials on the soil-groundwater pathway. Waste materials should be tested under conditions equal to their actual application in re-use scenarios to achieve reliable results. Since the standards for leaching procedures available on international level so far are either not validated or considered inadequate in respect to coarse grained materials, new standards had to be developed. Therefore column percolation and batch test procedures have been standardized and validated to enable their introduction to new German regulations concerning waste management. Practical aspects of the test procedures as well as the boundary conditions compared to the already existing standards will be described. Examples including round robin test results will be given to justify the selection of the new specifications. T2 - 2nd International conference on hazardous and industrial waste management CY - Chania, Crete, Greece DA - 2010-10-05 KW - Leaching KW - Bioavailability KW - Column tests KW - Batch tests PY - 2010 IS - Session A, A5.1. SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-22128 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gleis, M. A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg ED - Thomé-Kozmiensky, Karl J. T1 - Novellierung des BVT-Merkblattes Abfallverbrennung – Sachstand, Entwicklungstendenzen und neue Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Rostaschen und Filterstäuben – N2 - Die europäischen BVT-Merkblätter beschreiben die besten verfügbaren Techniken zum emissionsarmen Betrieb von industriellen Produktionsprozessen, von technischen Verfahren zur Gewinnung und Verarbeitung von Rohstoffen, von Anlagen zur Erzeugung von Strom und Wärme und zur Behandlung und Verwertung von Abfällen und anderen technischen Prozessen. Die Abfallwirtschaft ist bei den Arbeiten zur Revision der BVT-Merkblätter gleich mit zwei Aktivitäten beteiligt, da sich aktuell sowohl das BVT-Merkblatt Abfallbehandlung als auch das BVT-Merkblatt Abfallverbrennung in der Revision befinden. Das Umweltbundesamt hat die Aufgabe, die Überarbeitung der BVT-Merkblätter national zu koordinieren und an den Arbeiten in Sevilla im EIPPC Büro und bei der Europäischen Kommission fachlich mitzuwirken. Der Beitrag beschreibt die aktuellen Aktivitäten zur Revision des BVT-Merkblattes Abfallverbrennung und Stand des Überarbeitungsprozesses auf europäischer Ebene mit dem inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt bei den zu erwartenden Anforderungen an die Entsorgung von Aschen und Schlacken aus der Abfallverbrennung mit einem Schwerpunkt bei den Siedlungsabfallverbrennungsanlagen. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.06.2016 KW - Rostasche KW - Abfallverbrennung KW - Aufbereitung PY - 2016 UR - http://www.vivis.de/phocadownload/2016_mna/2016_MNA_163-172_Gleis.pdf SN - 978-3-944310-28-2 VL - 3 SP - 163 EP - 172 PB - TK Verlag Karl Thomé-Kozmiensky CY - Nietwerder AN - OPUS4-36622 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Alsema, E. A. T1 - A novel approach for the recycling of thin film photovoltaic modules N2 - A sustainable recycling of photovoltaic (PV) thin film modules gains in importance due to the considerable growing of the PV market and the increasing scarcity of the resources for semiconductor materials. The paper presents the development of two strategies for thin film PV recycling based on (wet) mechanical processing for broken modules, and combined thermal and mechanical methods for end-of-life modules. The feasibility of the processing steps was demonstrated in laboratory scale as well as in semi-technical scale using the example of CdTe and CIS modules. Pre-concentrated valuables In and Te from wet mechanical processing can be purified to the appropriate grade for the production of new modules. An advantage of the wet mechanical processing in comparison to the conventional procedure might be the usage of no or a small amount of chemicals during the several steps. Some measures are necessary in order to increase the efficiency of the wet mechanical processing regarding the improvement of the valuable yield and the related enrichment of the semiconductor material. The investigation of the environmental impacts of both recycling strategies indicates that the strategy, which includes wet mechanical separation, has clear advantages in comparison to the thermal treatment or disposal on landfills. KW - Recycling KW - Photovoltaic KW - Thin film modules KW - CdTe KW - CIS KW - Mechanical processing KW - Life cycle analysis PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.12.001 SN - 0921-3449 VL - 54 IS - 10 SP - 711 EP - 718 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-21439 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Source term determination by leaching procedures - new developments in Germany T2 - Global waste management symposium CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 2010-10-03 KW - Elutionsverfahren KW - Abfall PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 11(?) AN - OPUS4-22256 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Increasing Materials Efficiency in Industry T2 - EIONET Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2010-11-10 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22387 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Holm, Olaf T1 - Recovery of metals from waste, an example for the resource cycle N2 - Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) consists of elemental metals in considerable amounts. The fine fraction < 4 mm additionally contains chemically bound metals (oxides, carbonates, silicates). Separation prospects with techniques as in ore processing (flotation, density separation, bioleaching, hydrothermal solution) are discussed. During alteration after wet extraction mineral material with hydraulic properties form coatings on almost all particles of the bottom ash and complicate separation procedures. In addition bottom ash from MSWI is a heterogeneous material. For sufficient enrichment different concerted treatment steps seemed to be essential associated with an uncertainty of economic viability. The utilisation of metal compounds present in bottom ash as secondary raw material depends on the energy- and resource-efficiency of the enrichment processes. Therefore energy and material flow considerations are presented. T2 - WRF 2013 - World Resources Forum conference CY - Davos, Switzerland DA - 06.10.2013 KW - Recyclable material KW - Recycling technology KW - Environmental technology KW - Waste management PY - 2013 UR - http://www.atr.bam.de/de/medien/2013_simon_wrf.pdf SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-32011 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Thermochemical treatment - Technologies for recovery and utilisation of materials KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Materials separation KW - Refractories KW - Stainless steel PY - 2006 SN - 1009-606X VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 231 EP - 236 CY - Beijing AN - OPUS4-12346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Resource consumption, eco-materials and wealth T2 - 9th international conference on ecomaterials, ICEM9 CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2009-11-01 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19474 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Rückgewinnung von nicht erneuerbaren Ressourcen aus Abfällen T2 - Umwelttechnik Symposium CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2006-09-21 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13696 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Biermann, Vera T1 - Groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers KW - Groundwater remediation KW - Uranium KW - Permeable reactive barriers PY - 2007 SN - 0967-0513 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 39 PB - EPP Publ. CY - Richmond AN - OPUS4-14620 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Eckardt, Jürgen A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Evaluation of leaching and extraction procedures for soil and waste N2 - Laboratory leaching tests may be used for source term determination as a basis for risk assessment for soil–groundwater pathways on contaminated sites. In order to evaluate different leaching procedures, batch extraction tests and percolation tests were performed using three reference materials produced from contaminated soil, demolition waste and municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. Emphasis was placed on the investigation of the leachability of the heavy metals copper and chromium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the anions chloride and sulfate. Significant discrepancies between column experiments and batch/extraction tests were found for the release of PAHs and to a lesser extent for the heavy metals Cu and Cr. Additionally interlaboratory comparisons were conducted based on different leaching tests with the reference materials and evaluated using the criteria of comparability and reproducibility. The best reproducibility was achieved for all investigated substances in column tests. The reproducibility of batch tests was acceptable except for PAHs. The results from the experimental work will help establish standardized and feasible laboratory procedures as fundamental for substance specific risk assessment of contaminated sites. KW - Leaching procedures KW - Leachate prognosis KW - Source term determination KW - Risk assessment KW - Contaminated soil KW - Waste materials PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.03.008 SN - 0956-053X VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 1027 EP - 1038 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-17191 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Praktische Aspekte der Anwendung von Eluierungsverfahren nach DIN 19528 und DIN 19529 N2 - Im Zusammenhang mit der Novellierung der Bundes-Bodenschutzverordnung und der Einführung einer Ersatzbaustoffverordnung wurden vom DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen, Unterausschuss "Eluierungsverfahren" zwei Verfahren zur Elution von Feststoffen erarbeitet. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Säulenperkolationsverfahren zur gemeinsamen Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens von organischen und anorganischen Stoffen und ein Schüttelverfahren mit einem Wasser-/Feststoff-Verhältnis (W/F) von 2 l/kg zur Untersuchung der Elution von anorganischen Stoffen. Beide Verfahren sind für Bodenmaterialien und mineralische Abfälle mit einer Korngröße bis 32 mm vorgesehen. Der Vergleich der Praktikabilität der beiden Elutionsverfahren soll zur Diskussion zu deren Einsatz im Rahmen der geplanten bundeseinheitlichen gesetzlichen Regelungen beitragen, welche gegenwärtig kontrovers geführt wird. KW - Kontaminierter Boden KW - Abfall KW - Eluierungsverfahren KW - Säulenversuche KW - Schüttelversuche KW - Quellstärkeermittlung KW - Leaching KW - Contaminated soil KW - Mineral waste KW - Column test KW - Batch test KW - Legislation PY - 2009 SN - 0942-3818 SN - 1864-8371 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 10 PB - Schmidt CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-18947 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Verwertungsoptionen für Verbrennungsrückstände biogenen Ursprungs T2 - Biogener Abfall - ein heimischer Energieträger mit Zukunft, Internationales Symposium CY - Tulln an der Donau, Austria DA - 2009-05-13 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19385 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -