TY - CONF A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Friedmann, A. A1 - Heilmann, A. T1 - Studying colonization on stone surfaces by a model biofilm in a flow-through chamber approach T2 - Jahrestagung der Vereinigung für Allgemeine und Angewandte Mikrobiologie (VAAM) CY - Tübingen, Germany DA - 2012-03-18 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-30799 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Studying colonization on rock surfaces by a model biofilm in a flow-through chamber approach T2 - Geobiologie-Seminar der Gordon Research Konferenzen CY - Ventura, CA, USA DA - 2013-01-26 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-30795 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Toepel, Jörg A1 - Kuhlicke, Ute A1 - Neu, Thomas T1 - Studying colonization on rock surfaces by a model biofilm in a flow-through chamber approach T2 - Geobiologie-Konferenz der Gordon Research Konferenzen CY - Ventura, CA, USA DA - 2013-01-27 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-30796 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noack-Schönmann, Steffi A1 - Nai, Corrado A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Milke, Ralf T1 - Microcolonial fungi: suspended life on the air-rock interface T2 - Mikrobiologie-Konferenz "How dead is dead III" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-06-06 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-30798 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Bouchez, J. A1 - von Blanckenburg, F. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial colonization of bare rocks: laboratory biofilm enhances mineral weathering T2 - Geochemistry of the Earth's surface (GES-10) CY - Paris, FRANCE DA - 2014-08-18 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31787 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Bouchez, J. A1 - Von Blanckenburg, F. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial colonization of bare rocks: laboratory biofilm enhances mineral weathering N2 - A laboratory biofilm consisting of the phototrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 and the rock-inhabiting ascomycete Knufia petricola CBS 726.95 was tested for its mineral weathering potential. Minerals with different grain sizes and mineralogy were incubated with and without biofilm in batch and in flow-through column experiments. After incubation, the mineral dissolution was quantified analysing (i) leachate chemistry via ICP-OES/MS (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry) and (ii) the residual grains as thin polished sections via SEM/TEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry). Mineral dissolution was enhanced in biotic experiments as compared to abiotic ones, for both batch culture and flow-through approaches. Analyses of thin polished sections confirmed the leaching of these elements near the surface of the mineral grains. These results clearly indicate a biotic effect on the weathering of minerals produced by the laboratory biofilm. KW - Biotic weathering KW - Flow-through cell KW - Albite KW - Forsterite KW - Olivine PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.042 SN - 1878-5220 VL - 10 SP - 123 EP - 129 PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-32739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Milke, R. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Laboratory tools to quantify biogenic dissolution of rocks and minerals: a model rock biofilm growing in percolation columns N2 - Sub-aerial biofilms (SAB) are ubiquitous, self-sufficient microbial ecosystems found on mineral surfaces at all altitudes and latitudes. SABs, which are the principal causes of weathering on exposed terrestrial surfaces, are characterized by patchy growth dominated by associations of algae, cyanobacteria, fungi and heterotrophic bacteria. A recently developed in vitro system to study colonization of rocks exposed to air included two key SAB participants - the rock-inhabiting ascomycete Knufia petricola (CBS 123872) and the phototrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC29133. Both partners are genetically tractable and we used them here to study weathering of granite, K-feldspar and plagioclase. Small fragments of the various rocks or minerals (1–6 mm) were packed into flow-through columns and incubated with 0.1% glucose and 10 μM thiamine-hydrochloride (90 μL min−1) to compare weathering with and without biofilms. Dissolution of the minerals was followed by: (i) analysing the degradation products in the effluent from the columns via Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy and (ii) by studying polished sections of the incubated mineral fragments/grains using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. K. petricola/N. punctiforme stimulated release of Ca, Na, Mg and Mn. Analyses of the polished sections confirmed depletion of Ca, Na and K near the surface of the fragments. The abrupt decrease in Ca concentration observed in peripheral areas of plagioclase fragments favored a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism. Percolation columns in combination with a model biofilm can thus be used to study weathering in closed systems. Columns can easily be filled with different minerals and biofilms, the effluent as well as grains can be collected after long-term exposure under axenic conditions and easily analyzed. KW - Biotic weathering KW - Flow-through columns KW - Plagioclase KW - K-feldspar KW - Granite PY - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-373395 SN - 2296-6463 VL - 4 SP - Article 31, 1 EP - 10 PB - Frontiers in Earth Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-37339 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Toepel, Jörg A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Interaktion zwischen Knufia petricola und Nostoc punctiforme in einem Modell-Biofilm T2 - DECHEMA/GfKORR-Fachgruppensitzung "Mikrobielle Materialzerstörung und Materialschutz" CY - Frankfurt am Main, Germany DA - 2014-04-14 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30797 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Seiffert, Franz T1 - Charakterisierung von Gesteinsbewuchs und -verwitterung durch einen Modellbiofilm N2 - Natürliche Gesteinsformationen und von Menschen aus Gesteinsmaterial erschaffene Gebäude oder Monumente werden bei genügend langer Inkubation von zahlreichen Mikroorganismen besiedelt, welche komplexe Ökosysteme bilden. Dies führt oft zu Verfärbungen der Gesteinsoberflächen durch Pigmente der Mikroorganismen. Zudem können die Organismen das Gestein angreifen und zusammen mit abiotischen Faktoren eine Auflösung herbeiführen, was von essenzieller Bedeutung für die Bildung von Böden und gleichzeitig kritisch für die Erhaltung von Kulturgütern ist. Ein profundes Verständnis der Primärbesiedlung auf Gesteinen ist eine Voraussetzung, um Prozesse der Sukzession und der Gesteinsverwitterung besser nachvollziehen und modellieren zu können. Mischkulturen, die aus dem phototrophen Cyanobakterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 und dem mikrokolonialen Ascomycet Knufia petricola CBS 726.95 bestanden, wurden als Modell für die ersten Schritte der Gesteinsbesiedlung in Form von Biofilmen und hinsichtlich des biologischen Einflusses auf die Gesteinsverwitterung hin getestet. Dazu wurden unterschiedliche Gesteine als Substrate angeboten, unter verschiedenen Kultivierungs- und Witterungsbedingungen mit den Mischkulturen inkubiert und die sich bildenden Biofilme bzgl. ihrer Morphologie und Abundanz hin analysiert. Es zeigte sich, dass das Wachstum der Biofilme deutlich von den verwendeten Gesteinen und Witterungsbedingungen abhing und die Anordnung und Morphologie der Zellen und der aus diesen ausgeschiedenen polymeren Substanzen innerhalb der Biofilme sich je nach eingesetztem Gesteinssubstrat deutlich unterschieden. Der biologische Einfluss auf die Verwitterung von Gestein wurde in einem Durchfluss-System an einem Granit und in Batch-Kulturen an Calcit, Forsterit und Olivin getestet, indem nach Inkubation für 45-180 d in An- und Abwesenheit der Mikroorganismen die in der Flüssigphase angereicherten Elemente und die chemischen Veränderungen in der Mineralphase vergleichend gemessen wurden. Dabei zeigte sich, dass der Biofilm die Auflösung von Calcium, Natrium, Magnesium und Mangan aus Granit sowie von Magnesium aus Forsterit und Olivin verstärkte. Einzelkulturen von K. petricola und Mischkulturen führten zu verstärkter Magnesiumauflösung, Einzelkulturen von N. punctiforme zeigten die gleichen Effekte wie abiotische Kontrollen. Beide Mikroorganismen wuchsen deutlich besser in Mischkulturen, sodass ein indirekter biotischer Effekt auf die Mineralauflösung von N. punctiforme durch die Verstärkung des Wachstums von K. petricola innerhalb einer mutualistischen Gemeinschaft als plausibel erscheint. Der Mechanismus der biotisch induziert verstärkten Gesteinsverwitterung konnte aufgrund der hier vorliegenden Ergebnisse nicht eruiert werden. Die verwendeten Mischkulturen aus K. petricola und N. punctiforme konnten als nützliches Modell zur Untersuchung von Gesteinsbewuchs und –verwitterung etabliert werden. N2 - Natural rock formations and buildings or monuments constructed by mankind with rock materials are colonised by various microorganisms within complex ecosystems if incubated for sufficient periods of time. This often causes discolouration of rock surfaces by microbial pigments. Microorganisms can also attack the rocks and give rise to their decomposition in combination with abiotic factors being of essential importance for soil formation and critical to the conservation of cultural heritage. For the comprehension and modellizing of processes like succession and rock weathering, a profound understanding of primary colonisation is required. Mixed cultures consisting of the phototrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 and the microcolonial ascomycete Knufia petricola CBS 726.95 were used as a model to study the first steps of rock colonisation by biofilms and the biotic influence on rock weathering. For that purpose different rocks were offered as substrates, incubation with mixed cultures was done under differing cultivation and atmospheric conditions and forming biofilms were analysed for their morphology and abundance. Results indicate that growth of the biofilms depended precisely on the offered rock substrates and atmospheric conditions. Arrangement and morphology of cells and their excreted polymeric substances within biofilms differed depending on the rock substrate. The biological influence on rock weathering was examined in a percolation system for granite and in batch cultures for calcite, forsterite and olivine. After incubation for 45-180 d with and without microorganisms accumulated elements within the liquid phase and chemical changes within the Mineral phase were measured comparatively. Results indicate that dissolution of calcium, sodium, magnesium and manganese from granite and magnesium from forsterite and olivine were enhanced in the presence of the biofilm. For some mineral experiments, biotic effects of mixed and single cultures were distinguished. K. petricola single cultures and mixed cultures enhanced magnesium dissolution, N. punctiforme single cultures showed effects comparable to the abiotic controls. Both microorganisms grew better within mixed cultures, suggesting an indirect biotic effect of N. punctiforme for mineral dissolution, acting as growth enhancing factor for K. petricola within mutualistic biofilms. The mechanism of biotically increased rock weathering could not be determined by the here presented results. Mixed cultures of K. petricola and N. punctiforme could be established as a useful model to study colonisation and weathering of rocks. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 135 KW - Gesteinsbewuchs KW - Mineralverwitterung KW - Granitverwitterung KW - Modellbiofilm KW - Gesteinsbiofilm PY - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-5118 VL - 135 SP - 1 EP - 191 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-511 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -