TY - JOUR A1 - Sickfeld, Jürgen A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Raabe, Hans-Joachim T1 - Messung von Spannungen in Tankinnenbeschichtungen - Quellverhalten mit organischen Medien KW - Beschichtung, organisch KW - Tank KW - Spannung KW - Epocidharz KW - Quellverhalten PY - 1996 SN - 0014-7699 VL - 102 IS - 2 SP - 49 EP - 55 PB - Vincentz CY - Hannover AN - OPUS4-661 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, G. A1 - Tiede, U. A1 - Meisel, M. A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Mackrodt, Brigitte T1 - Examination of universal microhardness of hard reaction layers resulting from reactions of organic polymers with container glass surfaces and their use for low-friction protective layers KW - Glas KW - Universalmikrohärte KW - Polymer, organisch KW - Gleitschutzschicht PY - 1995 SN - 0946-7475 VL - 68 IS - 10 SP - 318 EP - 326 PB - Verl. d. Dt. Glastechn. Ges. CY - Offenbach AN - OPUS4-592 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter T1 - NEXAFS - spectroscopy on plasma-polymerized films prepared from organic molecules (ethylene, allyl alcohol, styrene) KW - Plasma KW - Beschichtung KW - Organische Filme KW - Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie PY - 2004 UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2003.pdf#page=297 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 297 EP - 299 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-3478 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Pulsed r.f. plasma for polymer film deposition with SEERS diagnostic T2 - 8th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering (PSE2002) CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2002-09-09 KW - C pulsed KW - C radio frequency KW - C plasma KW - D nitrogen KW - D oxygen KW - DX plasma deposition PY - 2002 SN - 0257-8972 SP - 405 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-1615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolymerisation - deposition rates and plasma diagnostics in dependence on the pulse length and frequency T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2708 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Analysis of Plasma-Deposited Polymer Films, 4 - In situ Characterization of Plasma-Deposited Ethylene Films by XPS and NEXAFS N2 - XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy were used for the chemical characterization of pulsed plasma-deposited ethylene films before and after exposure to ambient air. The influence of external plasma parameters on the spectroscopic results was investigated. Information on the chemical character of the plasma-polymerized films, such as the regularity of the primary structure, the amount of long-living radicals, and branching or cross-linking or both was derived from this data. Irregularity and radical concentration for post-plasma reactions of the plasma-deposited films increased with the duty cycle or power. A decreased level of monomer fragmentation and, consequently, an increase in regularity is partially concluded from the experimental data when the monomer pressure is increased. The concentration of surface radicals available for post-plasma reactions also increased with monomer pressure. The correlation found between the degree of the post-plasma oxygen incorporation and the variation of the various external parameters agreed with earlier ToF-SSIMS findings. KW - ESCA/XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyethylene (PE) KW - Thin films PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400070 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 310 EP - 318 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11940 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Pershin, L. T1 - Introduction of irregularities into plasma polymers by radiative and auto-oxidative processes T2 - 17th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-17) CY - Toronto, Canada DA - 2005-08-07 PY - 2005 SP - 1(?) EP - 6(?) CY - Toronto AN - OPUS4-11943 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grytsenko, K. P. A1 - Capobianchi, A. A1 - Convertino, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Ksensov, V. A1 - Schrader, S. ED - Iwamori, S. T1 - Polymer-metal nanocomposite thin film prepared by co-evaporation in a vacuum PY - 2005 SN - 81-7736276-3 SP - 85 EP - 109 PB - Research Signpost CY - Trivandrum, Kerala AN - OPUS4-11225 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Charakterisierung von Plasmapolymeren mittels Thermolumineszenzmessungen N2 - Dünne, mit einem gepulsten Plasma hergestellte Polymerschichten wurden untersucht. Diese Plasmapolymere sollten eine chemisch besser definierte Struktur haben, weil der Anteil an rein chemisch polymerisiertem Produkt während der Plasma-aus-Zeit steigen sollte, während der Anteil an Schichtbildung, der innerhalb der kurzen Plasmapulse durch Monomerfragmentierung und statistische Polyrekombination erzeugt wird, zurückgedrängt wird. Der Monomerfragmentierungsprozeß ist im kontinuierlich brennenden Plasma (cw-Mode) demgegenüber der Hauptprozeß. Neben der Anwendung der klassischen Element- und Bindungsanalysentechnik XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) wurden hier die Schichten auch mittels Thermolumineszenz untersucht. Defekte und Strukturanomalitäten in Polymeren sollten mit dieser Methode charakterisiert werden können. Untersuchungsobjekte waren funktionalgruppentragende Plasmapolymerschichten, die biosensorische oder biokompatible Funktionen besitzen oder als Haftvermittler in Metall-Polymercompositen eingesetzt werden. Translated Abstract Characterization of Plasmapolymers by Thermoluminescence Thin plasma polymer films were deposited using the pulsed plasma (pp) mode. These plasma polymers should possess a more chemically regular structure because of the lower monomer fragmentation during the short plasma pulses and the chemical chain propagation during the plasma-less periods than those produced by the conventional continuous-wave (cw) mode. In addition to the use of the classic thin film characterization method XPS the method of thermoluminescence was applied to characterize defects and structural specifics in the polymer films produced by pp or cw-plasma mode. The thermoluminescence method was applied to functional groups-carrying plasma polymer layers, which are used in medical technology for forming biocompatible and bioactive coatings or in metal-polymer composites as adhesion-promoting interlayers. KW - Plasmapolymere KW - Thermolumineszenz KW - X-ray PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.200600287 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 32 EP - 37 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-12514 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Analysis of Plasma-Deposited Polymer Films, 2: Analysis of Post-Plasma Air Reacted Plasma Polymerized Styrene by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy N2 - Chemical properties of plasma-polymerized styrene films can be effectively controlled by the appropriate choice of external plasma parameters, such as duty cycle, power and monomer pressure. Chemical properties here are the regularity of the primary structure, the amount of long living radicals and branching or cross-linking or both in plasma polymerized styrene films, which can be indirectly monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Principally, XPS and NEXAFS spectra of plasma-polymerized styrene show all the spectroscopic fingerprints characteristic of atactic polystyrene indicating an inherent similarity of the respective primary chemical structures. There is an increase in irregularity and radical concentration for the plasma deposited films with increasing duty cycle or power. With an increase in monomer pressure, a decreased level of monomer fragmentation and, consequently, an increase in regularity must be concluded from the experimental data. The applied power regulates the fragmentation of the monomers as monitored by spectroscopic signals correlated to the aromatic rings. A trend in the extent of the post-plasma oxygen incorporation according to the variation of the various external plasma parameters was deduced, which agrees with earlier ToF-SIMS findings KW - Chemical characterization KW - ESCA/XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polystyrene PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200400022 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 1 SP - 134 EP - 140 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-6935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grytsenko, K. A1 - Grynko, D. A1 - Lozovski, V. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Jurga, J. A1 - Convertino, A. A1 - Kotko, A. ED - Jurga, J. T1 - Properties of Au nano-clusters in PTFE film prepared by co-evaporation in a vacuum PY - 2004 SN - 83-7143-232-1 SP - 79 EP - 84 PB - Wydawn. Politechniki Pozna´nskiej CY - Poznan AN - OPUS4-6961 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Unger, Wolfgang ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Plasma polymer adhesion promoters for metal-polymer systems T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 2001-12-03 KW - r.f. pulsed plasma KW - Plasma polymers with functional groups KW - Copolymers KW - Adhesion promoting interlayers KW - Metal-polymer systems PY - 2003 SN - 90-6764-378-5 VL - 2 SP - 359 EP - 388 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha T1 - New Plasma Techniques for Polymer Surface Modification with Monotype Functional Groups N2 - The production of chemically-defined plasma polymers and the introduction of monotype functional groups onto polymer surfaces are described. One method is to lower the energetic level of low-pressure plasmas. Pressure- and plasma-pulsed plasmas were successfully tested for the production of chemically-defined plasma polymers by increasing the monomer supply during the plasma-off period. Well-defined ultra-thin polymer films with regular structure were deposited from atmospheric plasmas by electrospray techniques. Post-plasma wet-chemical processing was also applied, as were gas/liquid-based aerosols and underwater plasmas. KW - Plasma KW - Polymer-Oberflächenfunktionalisierung KW - Macromolecular plasma KW - Monotype functional groups KW - Plasma bromination KW - Plasma treatment KW - Pressure-pulsed plasma KW - Underwater plasma PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200700145 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 5 IS - 5 SP - 407 EP - 423 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-17742 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Characterization of plasma-polymerized allyl alcohol polymers and copolymers with styrene KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization KW - Molar mass PY - 2007 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 21 IS - 5-6 SP - 487 EP - 508 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-14765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Characterisation of plasma polymers by thermoluminescence N2 - Thin plasma polymer films were deposited using the pulsed plasma mode. These plasma polymers should possess a more regular structure than those produced by the conventional continuous-wave (cw) mode, because of lower monomer fragmentation caused by the plasma pulses and the chemical chain propagation during the plasmaless (free!) periods. The thermoluminescence method was applied to functional groups carrying plasma polymer layers which are used in medical technology. Examples are formation of biocompatible, biosensoric and bioactive coatings or in metal polymer composites such as adhesion-promoting interlayers. In addition to the use of the conventional X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for thin film characterization, the new method of thermoluminescence was applied to characterize undesired defects and structural specifics produced in the polymer films by pp or cw plasma mode. The main areas of focus were oxygen-containing groups produced by post-plasma oxygen introduction via auto-oxidation, oxidation of implemented unsaturations and trapped radical sites known as typical irregular structures in plasma polymers. KW - Plasma polymers KW - Thermoluminescence KW - Structure KW - Defects KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Continuous-wave plasma PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.12.003 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 201 IS - 3-4 SP - 543 EP - 552 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-12818 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, K.P. A1 - Lytvyn, P. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Schrader, S. T1 - Influence of plasma discharge on the structure of polytetrafluoroethylene film and step coverage on polymer substrate N2 - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films have been deposited onto polycarbonate (PC) substrates from the products of PTFE evaporation, activated by a cloud of accelerated electrons. A 40.68 MHz glow discharge was used during the deposition process. The polymer films have been characterised by XPS, FTIR and AFM. The use of the low power plasma during film growth led to the formation of PTFE films with modified structure. Films are amorphous and contain more cross-links, but in general, the structure of their macromolecules is still linear. An increase of RF-power leads to the formation of films with large amount of double bonds and enhanced internal stresses. Deposition of PTFE on PC without plasma treatment led to the formation of PTFE clusters up to 50 nm in diameter. The RMS roughness of the films, deposited without plasma, was about 4 nm, while the films deposited with plasma treatment had a roughness of 1.5 nm. The use of plasma has an additional effect if a PTFE coating is deposited on the PC substrate with submicrometer-sized steps. Without plasma the steps retain a rectangular shape. Deposited with the RF-discharge the PTFE layers resemble plasma-polymerised films. Under certain conditions the deposited films can fill trenches in the substrate like a wetting liquid, while under other conditions they avoid trenches and grow in between them. KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene KW - PTFE KW - Vacuum deposition KW - Plasma KW - Discharge KW - Film PY - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.09.029 SN - 0928-4931 SN - 1873-0191 VL - 27 IS - 5-8 SP - 1227 EP - 1231 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-14014 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Wagner, M.H. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Selective surface modification of polypropylene using underwater plasma technique or underwater capillary discharge N2 - Among new types of plasma processes, the underwater plasma is one of the most attractive methods for functionalization of polymer surfaces. The interesting features of plasma solution system are that the material surfaces to be modified remain in contact with the plasma-moderated solution. The role of plasma-moderated liquids, allows the reach of the reactive species through solution onto the geometrically hindered sites. The UV radiation produced in plasma formation helps in generating additional excited, ionized, and dissociated molecules and species in the reaction solution. An interesting feature of the technique is its flexibility to use a wide variety of additives as or in solution system. This allows us to create a selective or monotype functionalization of material surfaces. Such system was studied for the selective hydroxyl functionalization of polypropylene surface. The oxidation of polymer surfaces and the introduction of O-containing functional groups by underwater plasma was found to exceed concentrations typically achieved in oxygen low-pressure gas discharge plasmas up-to two-folds (maximal 56 O/100 C). The fraction of OH groups among all O-containing moieties amounts from 25 to 40% in comparison to that in the gas plasma of about 10% OH groups. Addition of hydrogen peroxide into this same system increases the fraction of C—O bonds up to 75% (27-OH/100 O). A study was focused to optimize the role of hydrogen peroxide on the efficiency of oxidation and selectivity with chemical derivatization with respect to the formation of mono-sort hydroxyl functionalities, calculated using a chemical derivatization technique. KW - Capillary discharge KW - Functionalization of polymer KW - Modification surfaces KW - Underwater plasma KW - Surface modification KW - Polymer functionalization PY - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200930601 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 6 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 5218 EP - 5222 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22772 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Joshi, Ranjit ED - Tachibana, K. ED - Takai, O. T1 - New plasmas for polymer surface functionalization T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-18) CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2007-08-26 PY - 2007 SN - 978-4-9903773-4-2 SP - 29A/a8, 1 EP - 4 PB - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CY - Kyoto AN - OPUS4-20666 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Tachibana, K. ED - Takai, O. T1 - Aerosol and underwater plasma for polymer surface functionalization T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-18) CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2007-08-26 PY - 2007 SN - 978-4-9903773-4-2 SP - 27P/80, 1 EP - 4 PB - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CY - Kyoto AN - OPUS4-20667 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dimitriev, O.P. A1 - Grytsenko, K.P. A1 - Lytvyn, P.M. A1 - Doroshenko, T.P. A1 - Briks, J.L. A1 - Tolmachev, A.I. A1 - Slominskii, Y.L. A1 - Kudinova, M.A. A1 - Schrader, S. A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Substrate-induced self-assembly of donor-acceptor type compounds with terminal thiocarbonyl groups N2 - Two types of conjugated thiocarbonyl-terminated compounds have been synthesized and their ability to be adsorbed on surfaces of the different nature, namely, glass, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and gold has been studied. Different morphology of the films prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation and drop-casting from solutions has been observed depending on the surface used. It has been found that gold surface has a unique property to influence self-assembly of both monolayer and larger aggregates or crystals of the compounds, in contrast to glass and PTFE substrates. It was found that thiocarbonyl group is able to be chemisorbed to the gold surface. However, it was concluded that in spite of the fact that the thiocarbonyl groups are important for the chemical interaction with the gold surface, physical adsorption on the substrate surface, compound–compound and compound–solvent (when using solution) interactions are of great significance to drive self-assembly of the final film. KW - Thiocarbonyl group KW - Donor–acceptor compound KW - Gold surface KW - Aggregation KW - Film morphology PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.05.084 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 539 SP - 127 EP - 133 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Selective surface modification of Poly(propylene) with OH and COOH groups using liquid-plasma systems N2 - Underwater plasma and glow discharge electrolysis are interesting new methods for polymer surface functionalization. The achievable content of O-containing functional groups exceeds that of oxygen glow discharge gas plasmas by a factor of two (up to ca. 56 O/100 C). The percentage of OH groups among all O-containing groups can reach 25 to 40%, whereas it is about 10% in the gas plasmas. Addition of hydrogen peroxide increases the fraction of OH groups to at most 70% (27 OH/100 C). The liquid plasma systems are also able to polymerize acrylic acid and deposit the polymer as very thin film on substrate surfaces or membranes, thereby retaining about 80% of all COOH functional groups (27 COOH/100 C). KW - Polymeroberflächen KW - Funktionelle Gruppen PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200700175 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 5 IS - 7 SP - 695 EP - 707 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-18884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - K.L. Mittal, T1 - Plasma homo- and copolymerization of allyl alcohol and styrene KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization KW - Molar masses PY - 2009 SN - 978-90-04-16590-8 VL - 5 SP - 317 EP - 340 PB - Koninklijke Brill NV CY - Leiden, The Netherlands AN - OPUS4-19606 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg F. T1 - Aerosol-Barriere-Entladung und Elektrospray zur ultradünnen Polymerabscheidung T2 - Thüringer Grenz- und Oberflächentage CY - Gera, Germany DA - 2010-09-07 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21929 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, K. P. A1 - Kolomzarov, Y. A1 - Lytvyn, O. A1 - Strelchuk, V. A1 - Ksianzou, V. A1 - Schrader, S. A1 - Beyer, H. A1 - Servet, B. A1 - Enouz-Vedrenne, S. A1 - Garry, G. A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Metal-filled polytetrafluoroethylene nanostructered thin film N2 - Thin metal-filled polyterafluoroethylene films with various metal concentration were produced by co-deposition in vacuum. Metal nanocluster size increased with metal concentration. Films were heated up to 300 degrees C, their optical spectra were recorded during heating. The changes in plasmon band shape and wavelength of the nanocluster ensemble during heating are not linearly related with metal concentration and heating temperature. This is caused by different thermal behavior of the complex processes, which are taking place in each of the two materials present in the film. The metal cluster size and optical properties of the whole ensemble can be purposefully formed by varying metal nature, its concentration and annealing temperature of the film. Nano- and micro-domains with properties different from original film were generated by focused excimer laser or electron beam. Gold-filled PTFE nano-structured films were used as substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering measurements of ultrathin film of Rhodamine 6G dye. KW - Gold nanoparticles KW - Arrays KW - SERS PY - 2010 UR - http://openurl.ingenta.com/content?genre=article&issn=1936-6612&volume=3&issue=3&spage=308&epage=312 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2010.1127 SN - 1936-6612 SN - 1936-7317 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 308 EP - 312 PB - American Scientific Publ. CY - Stevenson Ranch, Calif. AN - OPUS4-23957 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Rau, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - G. Blasek, T1 - Aerosol-Barriereentladung und Elektrospray zur Polymerschichtabscheidung T2 - 17. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium - Beschichtung, Modifizierung und Charakterisierung von Polymeroberflächen CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2009-10-21 KW - Corona KW - Barriereentladung KW - Haftvermittler KW - Schälfestigkeit PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-9812550-1-0 SP - 76 EP - 80 AN - OPUS4-20252 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Rau, A. T1 - Ultra-thin polymer layer deposition by aerosol-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and electrospray ionization (ESI) at atmospheric pressure N2 - Polyolefins are chemically inert and do not adhere well to metals, polymers or inorganics. To overcome this problem, polyolefin surfaces were modified thermally, plasmachemically, or by flame treatment with different oxygen-containing groups, however, unfortunately, such treatments were accompanied by undesired, adhesion lowering polymer degradation. To solve this dilemma, solutions of synthetic polymers and copolymers were prepared, sprayed into the barrier discharge or electrosprayed without discharge and deposited as thin adhesion-promoting layers. The deposited polymer layers from poly(vinylamine), poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers and poly(acrylic acid) were endowed with monotype functional groups. Using the aerosol - dielectric barrier discharge only a fraction of functional groups survived the deposition process in contrast to the electrospray in which all functional groups were retained. KW - Polymer surface modification KW - Dielectric barrier discharge KW - Polymer aerosols KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Adhesion-promoting layers PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/016942409X12598231568429 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 1329 EP - 1350 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-21374 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Friedrich, Jörg-Florian T1 - Electrospray ionization for deposition of ultra-thin polymer layers – principle, electrophoretic effect and applications N2 - Nebulizing of polymer solutions, in a high-voltage field under atmospheric conditions by electrospray ionization (ESI), is a comfortable way to deposit ultra-thin layers of polar or ionic polymers onto any conductive substrate materials. The substrate is grounded and the polymer solution is sprayed through a powered capillary. The formed charged droplets shrink by solvent evaporation during their way to the grounded substrate, the charges close ranks and the droplets collapse consecutively by charge repulsion, thus forming finally charged single macromolecules. After their discharging at the grounded substrate, an ultrathin ‘quasi-monomolecular’ polymer layer is formed. It could be shown by imaging of scratches through the polymer layer by atomic force microscopy that the deposited polymer layers are dense at a thickness of about 10 nm. Carbon fibre bundles were coated with poly (allylamine) (PAAm) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as potential adhesion-promoting layers in fibre–polymer composites. The polymer deposition is self-inhibiting after formation of a continuous coverage of about 200 nm for PAAm and 30 nm for PAA as result of surface charging. Continuous deposition onto such isolating layers or polymers without charging can be achieved by using current of alternating polarity. The film formation is self-healing because of the electrophoretic effect, i.e. the ion discharging occurs preferentially at noncoated areas. This electrophoretic effect of ESI was demonstrated by completely enwrapping all the carbon fibres of the roving within a distance of about 100 μm far from its outside and also at the backside of the fibre bundle with about 80% of the topside coverage, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and visualized using scanning electron microscopy. KW - Complete enwrapping of fibres KW - Ultra-thin polymer layers KW - Self-healing KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Carbon fibres KW - Electrophoretic effect PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.727170 SN - 0169-4243 VL - 27 IS - 9 SP - 988 EP - 1005 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-42631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Polymer deposition morphology by electrospray deposition - Modifications through distance variation N2 - Electrospray deposition (ESD) of highly diluted polymers was examined with regard to the deposited surface structure. Only the flight distance (flight time) onto the resulting deposited surface was varied from 20 to 200 mm. An apparatus without any additional heating or gas flows was used. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyallylamine (PAAm) in methanol were deposited on Si wafers. The polymer layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, derivatization reactions and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a grazing incidence unit. SEM images illustrated the changing structures of PAA and PAAm. For PAA the deposited structure changed from a smooth film (20 mm) to a film with individual droplets on the coated surface (100 mm and 200 mm), while for PAAm individual droplets can be seen at all distances. The ESD process with cascades of splitting droplets slows down for PAA after distances greater than 40 mm. In contrast, the ESD process for PAAm is nearly stopped within the first flight distance of 20 mm. Residual solvent analysis showed that most of the solvent evaporated within the first 20 mm capillary-sample distance. KW - Electrospray ionization KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Ultra-thin layers KW - Capillary-sample distance KW - Residual solvent PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.06.020 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 564 SP - 269 EP - 276 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-31252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Elektrospray-Ionisation (ESI) - Lochfreie elektrophoretische Abscheidung von ultra-dünnen Polymerschichten N2 - Die Elektrospray-Ionisations (ESI)-Vernebelung von Polymerlösungen wird analytisch zur massenspektrometrischen Bestimmung der Molmassen von Makromolekülen genutzt. Dabei werden die Polymermoleküle nach einem speziellen Mechanismus im Hochspannungsfeld unter Normaldruckbedingungen vereinzelt und in das Massenspektrometer überführt. Dieser Prozeß kann auch zur flächigen Abscheidung einzelner Polymermoleküle genutzt werden. Die Struktur und Zusammensetzung sowie die Molmassenverteilung der Polymere bleiben dabei erhalten. Schichten polarer oder ionischer Polymere der Dicke einer Quasi-Monolage bis hin zu mehreren 100 Nanometern können abgeschieden werden. Erwähnenswert ist, daß der ESI-Prozeß zu den elektrophoretischen Verfahren gehört, was die Ausbildung lochfreier Schichten auf elektrisch leitenden Substraten nicht nur auf der der Spraydüse zugewandten Seite ermöglicht, sondern auch auf der abgeschatteten Rückseite. Dieses Verhalten wurde zur vollständigen ESI-Umhüllung von dichtgepackten Kohlenstoff-Faser-Bündeln mit haftvermittelnden Polymerschichten ausgenutzt. PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201100471 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 17 EP - 23 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25392 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -