TY - JOUR A1 - Gartiser, S. A1 - Heisterkamp, I. A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Burkhardt, M. A1 - Ratte, M. A1 - Ilvonen, O. A1 - Brauer, F. A1 - Brückmann, J. A1 - Dabrunz, A. A1 - Egeler, P. A1 - Eisl, A.-M. A1 - Feiler, U. A1 - Fritz, I. A1 - König, S. A1 - Lebertz, H. A1 - Pandard, P. A1 - Pötschke, G. A1 - Scheerbaum, D. A1 - Schreiber, F. A1 - Soldán, P. A1 - Weiß, R. A1 - Weltens, R. T1 - Results from a round robin test for the ecotoxicological evaluation of construction products using two leaching tests and an aquatic test battery N2 - A European round robin test according to ISO 5725-2 was conceptually prepared, realised, and evaluated. The aim was to determine the inter-laboratory variability of the overall process for the ecotoxicological characterization of construction products in eluates and bioassays. To this end, two construction products BAM-G1 (granulate) and HSR-2 (roof sealing sheet), both made of EPDM polymers (rubber), were selected. The granular construction product was eluted in a one stage batch test, the planar product in the Dynamic Surface Leaching test (DSLT). A total of 17 laboratories from 5 countries participated in the round robin test: Germany (12), Austria (2), Belgium (1), Czech Republic (1) and France (1). A test battery of four standardised ecotoxicity tests with algae, daphnia, luminescent bacteria and zebrafish eggs was used. As toxicity measures, EC50 and LID values were calculated. All tests, except the fish egg test, were basically able to demonstrate toxic effects and the level of toxicity. The reproducibility of test results depended on the test specimens and the test organisms. Generally, the variability of the EC50 or LID values increased with the overall level of toxicity. For the very toxic BAM-G1 eluate a relative high variability of CV ¼ 73%e110% was observed for EC50 in all biotests, while for the less toxic HSR-2 eluate the reproducibility of EC50 varied with sensitivity: it was very good (CV ¼ 9.3%) for the daphnia test with the lowest sensitivity, followed by the algae test (CV ¼ 36.4%). The luminescent bacteria test, being the most sensitive bioassay for HSR-2 Eluate, showed the highest variability (CV ¼ 74.8%). When considering the complex overall process the reproducibility of bioassays with eluates from construction products was acceptable. KW - Round robin test KW - Construction products KW - Leaching tests KW - Eluates KW - Ecotoxicity tests PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.146 SN - 0045-6535 SN - 1879-1298 VL - 175 SP - 138 EP - 146 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-39174 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brunner-Schwer, C. A1 - Graf, B. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael A1 - Schreiber, F. T1 - Hybrides Auftragschweißen: Potentiale des laserunterstützten Plasma-Pulver-Auftragschweißens (PTA) N2 - In diesem Beitrag wurden Untersuchungen zu einem neuartigen hybriden Laser-Plasma-Beschichtungsverfahren vorgestellt. Mit dem Ziel, die Produktivität und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Korrosions- und Verschleißschutzschichten zu steigern, wurde das kostengünstige PTA-Verfahren durch einen Laser als zweite Energiequelle ergänzt. Die vorlaufende Laserstrahlung stabilisiert den Plasmalichtbogen und ermöglicht erst eine Auftragsschweißung bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten. Die hohen Auftragraten von 4,2-5,7 kg/h bei gleichzeitig Streckenenergien von 630-720 J/cm zeigen das mögliche Potential des vorgestellten hybriden Ansatzes. In weiteren Untersuchungen muss der Prozess z.B. in Bezug auf die Oberflächenwelligkeit der Beschichtungen über eine Parameteroptimierung weiter verbessert werden. Nach den bisherigen gesammelten Erfahrungen mit dem Hybridprozess ist davon auszugehen, dass durch eine Anpassung der Energiedichteverteilung das Lasers, die Prozessgeschwindigkeiten noch einmal gesteigert werden können. T2 - 12. Fachtagung Verschleissschutz von Bauteilen durch Auftragschweissen CY - Halle, Germany DA - 13.06.2018 KW - Laser- und Lichtbogenenergie PY - 2018 SP - 104 EP - 108 AN - OPUS4-45230 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kowarik, Stefan A1 - Pithan, L. A1 - Nabok, D. A1 - Cocchi, C. A1 - Beyer, P. A1 - Duva, G. A1 - Simbrunner, J. A1 - Rawle, J. A1 - Nicklin, C. A1 - Schäfer, P. A1 - Draxl, C. A1 - Schreiber, F. T1 - Molecular structure of the substrate-induced thin-film phase of tetracene N2 - We present a combined experimental and theoretical study to solve the unit-cell and molecular arrangement of the tetracene thin film (TF) phase. TF phases, also known as substrate induced phases (SIP), are polymorphs that exist at interfaces and decisively impact the functionality of organic thin films, e.g., in a transistor channel, but also change the optical spectra due to the different molecular packing. As SIPs only exist in textured ultrathin films, their structure determination remains challenging compared to bulk materials. Here, we use grazing incidence Xray diffraction and atomistic simulations to extract the TF unit-cell parameters of tetracene together with the atomic positions within the unit-cell. KW - X-ray DIFFRACTION KW - Tetracene KW - Semiconductor KW - Optoelectronics KW - Molecule PY - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5043379 VL - 149 IS - 14 SP - 144701-1 EP - 144701-5 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-46399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Duva, G. A1 - Pithan, L. A1 - Zeiser, C. A1 - Reisz, B. A1 - Dieterle, J. A1 - Hofferberth, B. A1 - Beyer, P. A1 - Bogula, L. A1 - Opitz, A. A1 - Kowarik, Stefan A1 - Hinderhofer, A. A1 - Gerlach, A. A1 - Schreiber, F. T1 - Thin-Film Texture and Optical Properties of Donor/Acceptor Complexes. Diindenoperylene/F6TCNNQ vs Alpha-Sexithiophene/ F6TCNNQ N2 - In this work, two novel donor/acceptor (D/A) complexes, namely, diindenoperylene (DIP)/1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluoro-tetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ) and alpha-sexithiophene (6T)/F6TCNNQ, are studied. The D/A complexes segregate in form of π−π stacked D/A cocrystals and can be observed by X-ray scattering. The different conformational degrees of freedom of the donor molecules, respectively, seem to affect the thin-film crystalline texture and composition of the D/A mixtures significantly. In equimolar mixtures, for DIP/F6TCNNQ, the crystallites are mostly uniaxially oriented and homogeneous, whereas for 6T/F6TCNNQ, a mostly 3D (isotropic) orientation of the crystallites and coexistence of domains of pristine compounds and D/A complex, respectively, are observed. Using optical absorption spectroscopy, we observe for each of the two mixed systems a set of new, strong transitions located in the near-IR range below the gap of the pristine compounds: such transitions are related to charge-transfer (CT) interactions between donor and acceptor. The optical anisotropy of domains of the D/A complexes with associated new electronic states is studied by ellipsometry. We infer that the CT-related transition dipole moment is perpendicular to the respective π-conjugated planes in the D/A complex. KW - Optical properties KW - Molecular semiconductor KW - X-ray diffraction PY - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b03744 SP - 18705 EP - 18714 PB - ACS AN - OPUS4-46400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -