TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Wegner, R. A1 - Melcher, E. T1 - Experiences with the OECD guideline proposals for the estimation of emissions from preservative treated wood in the environment T2 - 35th Annual Meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Preservation CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 2004-06-06 PY - 2004 SP - 13 pages PB - International Research Group on Wood Preservation CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-5490 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Wegner, R. A1 - Melcher, E. T1 - Experiences with the OECD guideline proposals for the estimation of emissions from preservative treated wood in the environment T2 - International Research Group on Wood Preservation, 35th Annual Meeting (IRG/WP/04-50209) CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 2004-06-06 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4495 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Emissions OECD guidelines T2 - Workshop der COST Action E 37 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 2004-09-11 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4496 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - CEN/OECD leaching test methods T2 - Leaching Workshop des European Chemicals Bureau CY - Arona, Italy DA - 2005-06-13 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-7637 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Characterization and differentiation of wood rotting fungi by protein and enzyme patterns N2 - Standardized tests for wood preservatives are performed with defined fungal strains to ensure comparability between laboratories. However, changes of virulence and variation of results are well known events. Suitable and reliable measures to control the stability of the test organisms are necessary.Comparison of protein patterns produced by SDS-electrophoresis was already described by several authors as a possible way to identify and to characterize fungal species and strains, i.e. for Serpula, Coniophora and Poria. We compared protein patterns of several strains of Antrodia vaillantii, Poria placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Lentinus lepideus, and Coniophora puteana. Isoelectric focussing and detection of esterase isoenzymes proved to be an alternative method. The investigations resulted in species-specific protein and enzyme patterns. By comparing the strains of single species it was possible to form groups with similar patterns. Possible misidentifications could be detected. The described methods will be further developed and used to follow possible changes in our test strains. T2 - 30th Annual meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Preservation (IRG) CY - Rosenheim, Germany DA - 1999-06-06 KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Strains KW - Standardization KW - SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis KW - Isoelectric focussing KW - Proteins KW - Enzymes PY - 1999 IS - IRG-WP 99-20177, Section 2 SP - 1 EP - 9(?) PB - IRG Secretariat CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-5491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Wegner, R. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Emission of Biocides from Treated Materials N2 - Methods for the determination of biocide emissions from treated materials into water and air were developed and tested in order to support a comparative ecological assessment of biocidal products. Leaching tests, experiments with simulated rain, extraction cleaning of carpets and emission chamber tests were performed with a series of treated materials. The experiments focused on the effect of changes in the procedure as well as characteristics of the specimens and demonstrate the suitability of the proposed methods for biocides of different product types. It was demonstrated that emissions of biocides into water can be compared on the basis of leaching tests in which the emission kinetics of the active ingredients are recorded. However, the water volume per surface area and the timetable for water changes have to be defined in such tests. Functions of flux rates related to time can be well described for inorganic compounds, whereas modelling of the data is more complicated for organic substances. Emission chamber tests using 20-litre and 23-litre glass exsiccators, originally developed to study volatile organic compounds, were successfully adapted for the investigation of the emission of biocides from treated materials which are usually semi volatile organic compounds. However, test parameters and the method of analysis have to be adapted to the substances to be determined. Generally, it was found that the emission curves for the semi volatile organic compounds investigated differ from those of volatile organic compounds. KW - Air KW - Biocidal products KW - Biocides KW - Biocides directive KW - Emission KW - Emission test chambers KW - Environmental exposure assessment KW - Leaching procedure KW - Simulated rain KW - SVOC KW - Test procedures KW - VOC KW - Water KW - Wood preservatives PY - 2003 SN - 0944-1344 SN - 1614-7499 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 154 EP - 161 PB - Ecomed Publ. CY - Landsberg AN - OPUS4-5492 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Comparison of laboratory tests and field experiments of the estimation of emissions from treated wood T2 - 6th International Symposium "Environment and wood preservation" CY - Cannes-Mandelieu, France DA - 2005-02-07 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-6978 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Comparison of laboratory tests and field experiments for the estimation of emissions from treated wood T2 - 6th International Symposium "Environment and wood preservation" CY - Cannes-Mandelieu, France DA - 2005-02-07 KW - Leaching KW - Emission KW - Copper KW - Triazoles KW - Test procedures PY - 2005 SP - 2 EP - 14 PB - IRG Secretariat CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-7028 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hjelmar, O. A1 - Hyks, J. A1 - Wahlström, M. A1 - Laine-Ylijoki, M. A1 - van Zomeren, A. A1 - Comans, R. A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Schoknecht, Ute A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Grathwohl, P. A1 - Wendel, T. A1 - Abdelghafour, M. A1 - Méhu, J. A1 - Schiopu, N. A1 - Lupsea, M. T1 - Robustness validation of TS-2 and TS-3 developed by CEN/TC351/WG1 to assess release from products to soil, surface water and groundwater KW - Bauprodukte KW - Umweltverträglichkeit KW - Leachingtest KW - Europäische Harmonisierung PY - 2013 IS - Final Report (NEN - Secretariat of CEN/TC 351) SP - 1 EP - 278 ET - Project-No. 11810594 AN - OPUS4-28291 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lupsea, M. A1 - Tiruta-Barna, L. A1 - Schiopu, N. A1 - Schoknecht, Ute T1 - Modelling inorganic and organic biocide leaching from CBA-anime (Copper-Boron-Azole) treated wood based on characterisation leaching tests N2 - Numerical simulation of the leaching behaviour of treated wood is the most pertinent and less expensive method for the prediction of biocides' release in water. Few studies based on mechanistic leaching models have been carried out so far. In this work, a coupled chemistry-mass transport model is developed for simulating the leaching behaviour of inorganic (Cu, B) and organic (Tebuconazole) biocides from CBA-amine treated wood. The model is based on experimental investigations (lab-scale leaching tests coupled with chemical and structural analysis). It considers biocides' interactions with wood solid components and with extractives (literature confirmed reactions), as well as transport mechanisms (diffusion, convection) in different compartments. Simulation results helped at identifying the main fixation mechanisms, like (i) direct complexation of Cu by wood-phenolic and -carboxylic sites (and not via monoethanolamine; complex) on lignin and hemicellulose and strong dependence on extractives' nature, (ii) pH dependent binding of tebuconazole on polarized –OH moieties on wood. The role of monoethanolamine is to provide a pore-solution pH of about 7.5, when copper solubility is found to be weakest. The capability of the developed model to simulate the chemical and transport behaviour is the main result of this study. Moreover, it proved that characterization leaching tests (pH dependency and dynamic tests), combined with appropriate analytical methods are useful experimental tools. Due to its flexibility for representing and simulating various leaching conditions, chemical-transport model developed could be used to further simulate the leaching behaviour of CBA treated wood at larger scales. KW - CBA-amine treated wood KW - Leaching tests KW - Chemical-transport model KW - Surface complexation PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.037 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 461-462 SP - 645 EP - 654 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28835 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -