TY - JOUR A1 - Silva, C.P. A1 - Lima, D.L.D. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Otero, M. A1 - Esteves, V.I. T1 - Evaluation of the anthropogenic input of caffeine in surface waters of the north and center of Portugal by ELISA N2 - This study comprises the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of caffeine in complex aqueous matrices without any sample clean-up procedure. Salinity and dissolved organic matter were selected as potential interfering agents. The addition of a sample buffer containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) prior to the sample was found to decrease the influence of those interfering agents. The working range of the developed method was 0.1–100 µg L- 1. Quantification of caffeine was possible in 43 out of 51 real aqueous samples, at values between < LOD and 15 µg L- 1. Results correlate well with those obtained by LC–MS/MS. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study dealing with the quantification of caffeine in Portugal's surface waters. KW - Caffeine KW - Surface water KW - ELISA KW - Anthropogenic markers KW - Koffein KW - Eintrag KW - Oberflächenwasser KW - Gewässer KW - Abwasser KW - Antikörper KW - Immunoassay PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.120 SN - 0048-9697 VL - 479-480 SP - 227 EP - 232 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30450 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pereira, P.M.R. A1 - Carvalho, José Joao A1 - Silva, S. A1 - Cavaleiro, J.A.S. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Fernandes, R. A1 - Tomé, J.P.C. T1 - Porphyrin conjugated with serum albumins and monoclonal antibodies boosts efficiency in targeted destruction of human bladder cancer cells N2 - The synthesis of a novel PS conjugated with bovine and human serum albumin (BSA and HSA) and a monoclonal antibody anti-CD104 is reported, as well as their biological potential against the human bladder cancer cell line UM-UC-3. No photodynamic effect was detected when the non-conjugated porphyrin was used. Yet, when it was coupled covalently with the mAb anti-CD104, BSA and HSA, the resulting photosensitizer conjugates demonstrated high efficacy in destroying the cancer cells, the mAb anti-CD104 efficacy overruling the albumins. KW - Rinderserumalbumin KW - BSA KW - Monoklonale Antikörper KW - Blasenkrebs KW - Konjugate KW - Conjugates KW - Therapeutische Antikörper KW - CD104 PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ob42082e SN - 1477-0520 SN - 1477-0539 VL - 12 IS - 11 SP - 1804 EP - 1811 PB - RSC CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-30451 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Stephan A1 - Hanelt, S. A1 - Canitz, C. A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - Garbe, L.-A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Entwicklung monoklonaler Antikörper gegen Diclofenac N2 - Diclofenac (DCF) wird als nicht-steroidales, antientzündliches Arzneimittel gegen Fieber, Entzündungen, rheumatische Erkrankungen und Schmerzen eingesetzt. 70 % werden nach Einnahme wieder ausgeschieden. Aufgrund unvollständiger Elimination in den Kläranlagen lassen sich Rückstände im Trinkwasser und im Oberflächengewässer nachweisen. Diclofenac wird in der Umweltanalytik v.a. mittels GC-MS oder LCMS nachgewiesen. Bioanalytische Methoden machen sich die spezifische Antigen-Antikörper-Wechselwirkung zunutze, so z.B. Immunoassays. Die hierfür erforderlichen Antikörper werden durch Immunisierung mit einem Konjugat aus dem Analyten und einem Trägerprotein gewonnen. Die Kopplung kann direkt über die Carboxylfunktion von Diclofenac erfolgen. Um Abschirmungseffekte zu vermeiden, kann zwischen Protein und Analy1 ein Spacer sinnvoll sein. PY - 2015 SN - 1618-3258 SN - 1617-5301 IS - 4 SP - 107 EP - 109 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-35241 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Environmental monitoring by validated immunochemical methods T2 - Pacifichem 2015 CY - Honolulu, HI, USA DA - 2015-12-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35314 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Development of sensitive analytical methods for studies on environmental exposure and effects T2 - Pacifichem 2015 CY - Honolulu, HI, USA DA - 2015-12-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35315 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Environmental screening and monitoring for emerging pollutants by immunoanalytical methods T2 - Pacifichem 2015 CY - Honolulu, HI, USA DA - 2015-12-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35316 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Freitas, R. A1 - Almeida, Ângela A1 - Calisto, V. A1 - Velez, C. A1 - Moreira, A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V.I. A1 - Wrona, F. J. A1 - Soares, A.M.V.M. A1 - Figueira, E. T1 - How life history influences the responses of the clam Scrobicularia plana to the combined impacts of carbamazepine and pH decrease N2 - In the present study, the bivalve Scrobicularia plana, collected from two contrasting areas (pristine location and mercury contaminated area), was selected to assess the biochemical alterations imposed by pH decrease, carbamazepine (an antiepileptic) and the combined effect of both stressors. The effects on oxidative stress related biomarkers after 96 h exposure revealed that pH decrease and carbamazepine induced alterations on clams, with greater impacts on individuals from the contaminated area which presented higher mortality, higher lipid peroxidation and higher glutathione S-transferase activity. These results emphasize the risk of extrapolating results from one area to another, since the same species inhabiting different areas may be affected differently when exposed to the same stressors. Furthermore, the results obtained showed that, when combined, the impact of pH decrease and carbamazepine was lower than each stressor acting alone, which could be related to the defence mechanism of valves closure when bivalves are under higher stressful conditions. KW - Ocean acidification KW - Biomarkers KW - Oxidative stress KW - Bivalves KW - Pharmaceutical drugs PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.023 SN - 0269-7491 SN - 0013-9327 SN - 1873-6424 VL - 202 SP - 205 EP - 214 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-33818 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberleitner, Lidia A1 - Eremin, S.A. A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Garbe, L.-A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf T1 - Fluorescence polarization immunoassays for carbamazepine - comparison of tracers and formats N2 - For the antiepileptic drug and anthropogenic marker carbamazepine (CBZ), a fast and cost-effective immunoassay based on fluorescence polarization (FPIA) was developed. The required fluorophore conjugates were synthesized from different fluorescein and CBZ derivatives. The most suitable tracer was CBZ–triglycine–5-(aminoacetamido)fluorescein. Additionally, the applicability of the assay in tubes and on microtiter plates was tested. The first format can be performed in a portable instrument and therefore can be applied in field measurements. The measurement of an individual sample can be carried out within 4 min. This assay shows a measurement range of 2.5–1000 µg L-1 and a test midpoint (or IC50) of 36 µg L-1. The FPIA performed on microtiter plates is useful for the assay development and is suitable for a very high throughput (up to 24 samples in 20 min). The test midpoint of this assay is 13 µg L-1 and the measurement range is 1.5–300 µg L-1. Furthermore, this assay requires smaller sample volumes and less reagents, including the crucial amount of antibody. The applicability of both assays to spiked surface water samples was evaluated. The recovery rates vary between 66–110% on microtiter plates and 81–140% in tubes. PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00617a SN - 1759-9660 SN - 1759-9679 VL - 7 IS - 14 SP - 5854 EP - 5861 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-33821 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lima, D.L.D. A1 - Silva, C.P. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Otero, M. A1 - Esteves, V.I. T1 - Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for estrogens' quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay N2 - Estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), are the major responsible for endocrine-disrupting effects observed in aquatic environments due to their high estrogenic potency, even at concentrations ranging from pg L-1 to ng L-1. Thus, it is essential to develop analytical methodologies suitable for monitoring their presence in water samples. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) was used as a pre-concentration step prior to the quantification of E2 and EE2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). First, an evaluation of the effect of DDLME on the E2 and EE2 ELISA calibration curves was performed. Since the extraction procedure itself had an influence on the ELISA optical density (OD), it became necessary to subject, not only the samples, but also all the standards to the DLLME process. Working ranges were determined, being between 1.2 and 8000 ng L-1, for E2, and between 0.22 and 1500 ng L-1, for EE2. The influence of organic matter, both in the extraction and quantification, was evaluated and it was observed that its presence in the solution did not affect considerably the calibration curve. Recovery rates were also determined, ranging from 77% to 106% for ultrapure water and from 104% to 115% for waste water samples, the most complex ones in what concerns matrix effects. Results obtained when applying the proposed method to real water samples can be considered quite satisfying. Moreover, the obtained working ranges encompass values generally reported in literature, confirming the practical use of the method for environmental samples. KW - DLLME KW - ELISA KW - Water samples KW - Environment KW - 17beta-estradiol KW - 17alpha-ethinylestradiol PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.069 SN - 0039-9140 VL - 125 SP - 102 EP - 106 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30614 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bahlmann, Arnold A1 - Brack, W. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Krauss, M. T1 - Carbamazepine and its metabolites in wastewater: Analytical pitfalls and occurrence in Germany and Portugal N2 - The occurrence of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolites in German and Portuguese wastewater was investigated. A total of 46 samples from influent and effluent wastewater were analyzed by liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry. The five metabolites 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-CBZ (DiOH-CBZ), 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-CBZ (10-OH-CBZ), 10,11-epoxy-10,11-dihydro-CBZ, 2-hydroxy-CBZ and 3-hydroxy-CBZ were very persistent with little to no removal during wastewater treatment. The highest concentrations were found for CBZ, DiOH-CBZ, and 10-OH-CBZ, with up to 5.0, 4.8 and 1.1 µg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the related pharmaceutical oxcarbazepine and the metabolites 9-hydroxymethyl-10-carbamoylacridan, 1-hydroxy-CBZ (1-OH-CBZ) and 4-hydroxy-CBZ (4-OH-CBZ) were detected. Explicit care was taken to achieve a good chromatographic separation of the numerous isomers that were difficult to distinguish by mass spectrometry alone. A phenylether stationary phase provided the best separation. In combination with high resolution mass spectrometry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange, this LC column enabled us to identify 1-OH-CBZ and 4-OH-CBZ in wastewater for the first time. KW - Carbamazepine KW - Hydroxycarbamazepine KW - Metabolite KW - Wastewater KW - Pharmaceutical KW - LC–MS/MS PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.022 SN - 0043-1354 VL - 57 SP - 104 EP - 114 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silva, C. P. A1 - Carvalho, T. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Esteves, V. I. A1 - Lima, D. L. D. T1 - ELISA as an effective tool to determine spatial and seasonal occurrence of emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment N2 - During the last two decades, studies related to the occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment have received great attention from the international scientific community. The monitoring of the presence of these compounds is particularly important since they are known to induce adverse effects in aquatic environments, even at extremely low concentrations. This work aimed to apply a simple and effective methodology, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in the monitoring of 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and 17b-estradiol (E2) (a synthetic and a natural hormone, respectively), carbamazepine (CBZ, an antiepileptic), cetirizine (CET, an antihistamine) and caffeine (CAF, a stimulant) in water matrices with differing salinity and organic matter contents. ELISA was proven to be a valid and practical tool, especially for screening purposes in contrast to traditional chromatographic techniques which are prohibitively expensive for an application on a broader base. The main originality of this work was to establish seasonal and spatial effects on the occurrence of the referred contaminants by using the effectiveness of ELISA to screen those compounds in samples with different characteristics. This work reports both the seasonal and spatial quantification of the referred contaminants in the aquatic environment of the central region of Portugal, with concentrations ranging as follows: 5–87 ng L-1, for E2, 2–17 ng L-1, for EE2, 10–1290 ng L-1, for CBZ, 10–190 ng L-1, for CET, and 62–6400 ng L-1, for CAF. KW - Estrogen KW - Estradiol KW - Ethinylestradiol KW - Carbamazepine KW - Portugal KW - Wasser PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY00426J SN - 1759-9679 VL - 12 IS - 19 SP - 2517 EP - 2526 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry RSC CY - London AN - OPUS4-51340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raysyan, Anna A1 - Galvidis, I. A. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Eremin, S. A. A1 - Burkin, M. A. T1 - Development of a latex particles-based lateral flow immunoassay for group determination of macrolide antibiotics in breast milk N2 - A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using latex particles labeled with antibody to BSAclarithromycin (CLA) was developed for the rapid simultaneous group determination of six macrolide antibiotics. Optimization of antigen spotting on the membrane and latex probe loading allowed improving visual detectability (vLOD) 100 times, which was 1, 1, 10, 10, 50, and 1000 ng/mL for CLA, roxithromycin, erythromycin, dirithromycin, azithromycin, and oleandomycin in buffer, respectively. The calculated limits of instrumental detection (cLOD) were respectively 0.12, 0.15, 1.4, 2.1, 2.4, and 3.3 ng/mL. To avoid a strong influence of breast milk of a very diverse and variable composition, a sample pretreatment is proposed. The six macrolides mentioned can be visually detected in breast milk after 20 minutes pretreatment at concentrations of 10-1000 ng / ml or instrumentally with cLOD of 4.0, 2.5, 30, 42, 42 and 180 ng/mL. The recovery rate from the spiked samples carried out using a strip scanner device ranged from 71% to 110%, and precision expressed as relative standard deviation was between 3-14%. The described rapid on-site diagnostic assay format can be useful for monitoring the content of antibiotics in breast milk during macrolide treatment to ensure safe breastfeeding of infants. KW - Clarithromycin KW - Roxithromycin KW - Erythromycin KW - Dirithromycin KW - Azithromycin KW - Oleandomycin KW - Macrolide antibiotics KW - Makrolide KW - Antibiotika PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113450 SN - 0731-7085 VL - 189 IS - 113450 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam, NL AN - OPUS4-51343 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -