TY - GEN A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Priebe, Nsesheye Susan T1 - SPIN - Spearhead Network for Innovative, Clean and Safe Cement and Concrete Technologies N2 - Globally, cement and concrete experts are at the cutting-edge to sustainable, green, healthy but nonetheless high-performance concrete. Today concrete is not yet well established in Africa, which offers the unique opportunity to build up a cement and concrete market based on the highest available state of technology. As this industry needs high level expertise, a central issue in implementation of skilled technology is crosslinking research institutions and laboratories. It should not be neglected that concrete is a product with low transport ranges. This means that an improved concrete market mainly supports the local economy without exceeding financial drains to the international market. Thus it fosters the fight against poverty, which is an urgent need in most African countries. The project aims to cross-link experts with industry and policy making bodies, aiming to establish sustainable cement and concrete construction in Africa. KW - High-performance concrete KW - Cement technologies KW - Concrete technologies KW - Sustainable development PY - 2012 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-387428 N1 - Geburtsname von Priebe, Nsesheye Susan: Msinjili, N. S. - Birth name of Priebe, Nsesheye Susan: Msinjili, N. S. SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38742 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Temperature related effects on self-consolidating concrete due to interactions between superplasticizers, supplemental admixtures and additions T2 - 9th ACI International conference on superplasticizers and other chemical admixtures in concrete CY - Seville, Spain DA - 2009-10-12 KW - Polycarboxylate KW - Modified starch KW - Rheology KW - Self-compacting concrete KW - Temperature KW - Setting KW - Shrinkage KW - Heat evolution PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-9731507-8-0 SP - 135 EP - 147 AN - OPUS4-20884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Haamkens, Frank T1 - Shewhart- und CUSUM-Kontrollkarten zur gleichzeitigen Prozesssteuerung und Konformitätsbewertung - Neue Nachweisverfahren der Konformität in der zukünftigen EN 206 N2 - Im Hinblick auf die Konformitätsbewertung der Druckfestigkeit von Beton wird es in der für 2014 geplanten Fassung der EN 206 signifikante Änderungen geben. Neben den bisher bekannten Verfahren werden auch sogenannte Kontrollkartensysteme als Konformitätsnachweis zugelassen. Dabei können beliebige Kontrollkartensysteme verwendet werden, sofern nachgewiesen werden kann, dass der maximale Durchschlupf (Average Outgoing Quality Limit, AOQL) 5 % beträgt. Im informativen Normenanhang werden zwei grundlegende Verfahren, das sogenannte Shewhart-Verfahren sowie das CUSUM-Verfahren (Cumulative Sum) beschrieben, welche beide die Forderung an das AOQL erfüllen. Kontrollkartensysteme sind eigentlich Werkzeuge zur Prozesssteuerung. Sie können effektiv dabei helfen, die Produktion technisch, ökonomisch und ökologisch zu optimieren. Allerdings sind Kontrollkarten deutlich komplexer in der Anwendung als die bisher normativ erfassten Methoden. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die neuen Verfahren und deren Besonderheiten anhand von Beispielen vor. Darüber hinaus werden der Zusatznutzen bei sachgerechter Anwendung im Vergleich und Vor- und Nachteile zu den bisherigen Verfahren dargestellt und diskutiert.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- With regard to the conformity assessment of the compressive strength of concrete, there will be significant changes in the EN 206, which is scheduled for publication in 2014. So called control chart systems will be approved supplementary to the existing methods. Any control chart can be used as long as the system can grant an average outgoing quality limit (AOQL) of 5 %. The informative appendix of the standard presents two fundamental control chart methods, the so called Shewhart method and the CUSUM method (cumulative sum), both of which fulfill the required AOQL. Control card systems are actually tools for process control. They can effectively help to optimise production processes technically, economically, and ecologically. However, control charts are much more complex to use than the methods known from the recently applied standard. This paper presents these new methods and their characteristics using examples. Furthermore, the additional benefit of these systems is illustrated and advantages and disadvantages are discussed in comparison to existing methods. KW - Konformität KW - Kontrollkarten KW - CUSUM KW - Shewhart KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - EN 206 KW - KUSUM KW - Conformity KW - Control charts KW - Quality control KW - AOQL KW - Bauausführung KW - Baustoffe KW - Allgemeines PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.201400007 SN - 0005-9900 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 109 IS - 6 SP - 417 EP - 427 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-30949 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Asante, Bright A1 - Soria-Castro, M. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Influence of aquacultural and agricultural bio-admixtures and binder components on yield stress and strength of cementitious systems N2 - Abstract: This study investigates the influence of bio-admixtures and bio-ashes from agricultural and aquaculture residues on the workability and strength of cement mortars. While bio-admixtures at low concentrations can enhance the strength, they create similar or lower yield stress as the reference. Bio ash, particularly at a 10% replacement level, maintained good strength, but higher replacements led to significant reductions in both strength and workability. These findings highlight the potential of sustainable construction materials but emphasize the need to balance performance specifications. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Agricultural bio-admixture KW - Aquacultural bio-admixture KW - Binder component PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612955 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 46 EP - 54 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Umeche, E. L. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Uzoegbo, H. Ch. ED - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Priebe, Nsesheye Susan T1 - A survey and analysis of locally available cements in South Africa N2 - South Africa and recently Nigeria are the only net exporter of cement in Africa, yet cements are imported into the country mainly on the basis of price competitiveness. This poses potential for scatter in the properties of the cements in the South African market as pricing seems to be the only determining factor that affects Portland cements imported. A survey of cements of grade 42.5N in the South African cement market was carried out to identify major players in the industry. The identified cements, which included four locally produced and one imported cement were then analysed for both chemical composition and physical properties in line with the Eurocode EN 196. Tests carried out include loss on ignition, chloride content, sulphate content, specific surface (Blaine), standard consistence, initial setting time, final setting time, soundness and flexural and compressive strength at 2, 7 and 28 days. The testing program was initiated as part of on-going Africa-wide cement testing competency program in partnership with BAM and PTB in Germany. The performance of the identified cements from the different local manufacturers and the imported cement were analysed and are presented in this paper. These results reveal some similarities and differences in the properties. Particularly of interest is the marked difference in the 28 days compressive strength of the cements. This paper shows that there is need for further tests across the cement industry as some of the cements failed to meet certain requirement as set by EN 196. The paper also recommends the use of proficiency testing schemes in the cement industry of the country to ensure the cement laboratories are providing results of high quality and at the same time act as a check to make sure these laboratories are not failing to meet standard requirements. T2 - 2nd International Conference on Advances in Cement and Concrete Technology in Africa CY - Dar es Salaam, Tanzania DA - 27.01.2016 KW - Cement KW - Proficiency testing KW - EN 196 KW - Standards KW - South Africa PY - 2016 SN - 978-3-9817502-3-2 N1 - Geburtsname von Priebe, Nsesheye Susan: Msinjili, N. S. - Birth name of Priebe, Nsesheye Susan: Msinjili, N. S. SP - 91 EP - 98 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-36876 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vasilic, Ksenija A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Roussel, N. T1 - Model of SCC flow through reinforced sections: experimental validation N2 - This study focuses on concrete flow in presence of obstacles and develops a mathematical model and a computational approach for SCC flow through reinforced formworks. In order to decrease high computational times needed to simulate castings through reinforced elements, an innovative approach to model the reinforced sections as porous media is proposed here. In the previous work, this numerical model is proved able to simulate the free-surface flow of non-Newtonian fluids through the reinforcement networks. In the present study, the applicability of the model on the concrete flow will finally be proved. The large-scale form-filling experiments with SCC will be conducted and the experiments will be simulated using the proposed numerical model. The numerical model will then be validated through the comparison of the experimental results and the results of the numerical simulations. T2 - 7th RILEM International Conference on Self-Compacting Concrete and 1st RILEM International Conference on Rheology and Processing of Construction Materials CY - Paris, France DA - 02.09.2013 KW - Porous medium KW - Rheology KW - Numerical modelling KW - Reinforcement PY - 2013 SN - 978-2-35158-137-7 SN - 978-2-35158-138-4 SP - 229 EP - 236 PB - RILEM Publishing S.A.R.L CY - Paris, France AN - OPUS4-37442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Ramge, Peter A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten T1 - Einfluss der Lagerungsbedingungen von Zement auf die Verarbeitungs- und Erhärtungseigenschaften von Beton = Effect of the storage conditions of cement on the processing and hardening properties of concrete N2 - In Produktionspausen können in Betonwerken nennenswerte Lagerungsintervalle entstehen. Auf Baustellen und in den Instandsetzungen werden Zement- und Trockenmörtelsäcke teilweise über längere Zeiträume gelagert. Auch im Zusammenhang mit Zementimporten und zunehmend filigran abgestimmten Betonrezepturen die bereits bei kleinen Änderungen der Ausgangsstoffe sensibel reagieren, nimmt die Relevanz der Zementlagerung zu. Aus diesem Grund wurde der Einfluss der Zementlagerung auf die Eigenschaften von Betonen in einer Versuchsreihe an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) ermittelt. KW - Alterung KW - Zement KW - Sulfationengehalt KW - C3A KW - Rheologie KW - Ageing KW - Cement KW - Sulphate ion content KW - Rheology PY - 2009 SN - 0373-4331 SN - 1865-6528 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English VL - 75 IS - 6 SP - 10 EP - 17 PB - Bauverl. CY - Gütersloh AN - OPUS4-19747 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - Performance and interactions of admixtures for SCC exposed to different climatic conditions T2 - CONSEC'07 Tours Concrete under Severe Conditions, CY - Tours, France DA - 2007-06-04 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robens-Radermacher, Annika A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Unger, Jörg F. A1 - Mezhov, Alexander T1 - Characterization of temperature influence on the structural build-up of 3D printed concrete N2 - 3D concrete printing technologies enhance design freedom while reducing material use and costs without the need for formwork. Thereby, structural build-up is the key property governing stability and early strength evolution of 3D printed concrete after placement. Structural build-up is influenced by various factors, i.e., environmental conditions such as temperature. In this paper, the influence of ambient temperature on structural build-up was investigated through experimental and numerical approaches. Three experimental setups (small amplitude oscillatory shear, constant shear rate, and small amplitude oscillatory extensional tests) were applied to materials of increasing complexity under varying temperature conditions. A common modeling framework based on the maturity approach was developed to capture the time and temperature evolution. A stochastic framework was employed to estimate the unknown model parameters using experimental data. Experimental results demonstrate a significant temperature influence on structural build-up, consistent across all test setups and materials. The calibrated models successfully predict the structural build-up under different temperatures, confirming the applicability of the maturity approach to rheological parameters at early age. Furthermore, the stochastic parameter estimation allows a correct quantification of the uncertainties, enhancing model reliability. The comparison of two time evolution formulations indicates that a model with an additional linear stage is required for predicting the increase of the storage moduli ( $${G}{\prime}$$ G ′ , $${E}{\prime}$$ E ′ ). In conclusion, the study demonstrates that temperature significantly affects the structural build-up, and that the proposed modeling approach allows to predict this behavior. KW - Structural build-up KW - 3D concrete printing KW - Rheology KW - Temperature influence KW - Modeling KW - Green intelligent building PY - 2026 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654138 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-025-02931-3 SN - 1359-5997 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-65413 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Beushausen, Hans T1 - Application of a cusum control system for enhanced robustness of the flow properties of self-compacting concrete N2 - Control chart systems are used in quality management systems to keep production processes stable. In concrete production they are often applied for the control of the compressive strength. The most efficient control chart systems are cumulated sums (cusum), which help to observe deviations from a targeted value. Unlike alternative observation chart systems that focus on process data evaluation, cusum observations react very rapidly on systematic process changes in processes. Therefore, the cusum method is particularly suitable if immediate counteractions have to be taken, like in the case of fresh concrete properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC), which can have severe influences on the durability and mechanical strength of concrete. The rheology of SCC can be affected by an enormous variety of influencing factors, from raw material properties to handling or environmental temperature. The present study shows that regardless of the material based influencing parameter for a rheology change, a steady slump flow can be achieved only by adding supplementary superplasticizer in case of loss of flow and adding stabilising agent (ST) in case of increased flow if the respective V-mask indicates a systematic change. A reference SCC was artificially manipulated in order to achieve realistic experimental data for flowability and flowability changes due to changes in the raw material properties. The results point out that productions with applied cusum methods were capable of keeping the target slump flow deviation within approximately 1% only, while productions without applied cusum method deviated up to 14% and more from the target. T2 - fib Symposium 2016. Performance-Based Approaches for Concrete Structures. CY - Cape Town, South Africa DA - 21.11.2016 KW - Concrete KW - Self-compacting concrete KW - cusum KW - control chart KW - quality control KW - robustness PY - 2016 SN - 978-2-88394-121-2 SP - 106-1 EP - 106-10 PB - Fédération internationale du béton ( fib) CY - Lausanne, Switzerland AN - OPUS4-40976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - Challenges of the African environmental conditions for concrete mixture composition N2 - Concrete technology was exposed to a rapid development during the last three decades. For the longest time in its history, concrete was considered as a three component System consisting of aggregates, which are bound by the hardened cement paste consisting of hydrated cement. Traditionally, the only way of adjusting the consistency of concrete was using well adjusted aggregates and grading curves and adding excess water to the concrete, accepting that the latter in return reduces strength and durability. During the last three decades, however, concrete has developed further from a three component System towards an (at least) five component system, since the use of mineral additions and Chemical admixtures has become state of the art. Both components are able to enhance the workability, the compactability, and the density of the microstructure with effects on strength, ductility and durability, while cement can be saved in parallel. Due to reasonable use of admixtures and additions, concrete can be designed to match mechanically high performance specifications. Traditionally, cement paste was considered the weakest component in concrete. Flowever, in modern concrete a good paste composition can yield highest performance, passing the role of the mechanical bottleneck towards the aggregates. T2 - Workshop cement and concrete for Africa CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 17.08.2011 KW - Cement KW - Concrete KW - Mixture composition KW - Africa KW - Climatic conditions PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9814281-4-8 SP - 37 EP - 49 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-24780 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Priebe, Nsesheye Susan A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten T1 - Optimising the rheology of concrete for sub-Saharan African boundary conditions / Optimierung der Rheologie von Beton für Rahmenbedingungen in Subsahara-Afrika N2 - Die Zement- und Betontechnologie in Afrika hat keine ähnlich lange Tradition wie viele Länder der nördlichen Hemisphäre. In vielen afrikanischen Ländern ist die Bauindustrie jedoch von Wachstum gekennzeichnet und hier werden Zement und Beton zukünftig zweifelsohne an Bedeutung gewinnen. KW - Africa KW - Cement KW - Concrete KW - Proficiency testing KW - Round robin PY - 2012 SN - 0373-4331 SN - 1865-6528 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English N1 - Geburtsname von Priebe, Nsesheye Susan: Msinjili, N. S. - Birth name of Priebe, Nsesheye Susan: Msinjili, N. S. VL - 78 IS - 09 SP - 60 EP - 67 PB - Bauverl. CY - Gütersloh AN - OPUS4-27338 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Uzoegbo, H.C. A1 - Wunderlich, K. A1 - Rongai, G. T1 - A first pan-African proficiency testing scheme / Erstes afrikaweites Programm zur Kompetenzprüfung N2 - Dauerhaftigkeit, Qualität und Sicherheit von Baustoffen gewinnen in afrikanischen Ländern an Bedeutung. In einem Ringversuch testeten 26 Labore des Kontinents ihre Kompetenz bei der Zementprüfung. KW - Viscosity modifying agent KW - Metakaolin KW - Diutan gum KW - Welan gum KW - Rheology PY - 2013 SN - 0373-4331 SN - 1865-6528 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English VL - 79 IS - 09 SP - 42 EP - 53 PB - Bauverl. CY - Gütersloh AN - OPUS4-30044 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Mota, Berta A1 - Ramirez Caro, Alejandra T1 - The action of aggregates on concrete rheology N2 - Most factors acting on concrete rheology work at an extremely small-scale level. Influencing factors in the millimetre or centimetre area are essentially restricted to sand and aggregates. The latter, however, make up 50 to 70% of the total volume of most concretes – a fact often ignored in research on controlling concrete processing properties. Whereas suitably chosen concrete admixtures and additives can influence rheology in a very targeted manner, sand and aggregates are less suitable for controlling rheology but nonetheless contribute to the rheology of the Overall system. The actions of sand and aggregate can impose themselves upon the actions of admixtures and additives and, in unfavourable circumstances, even render them redundant. For this reason, any results concerning the processability of binding agent systems can only be transferred to concrete with great care. It is important to better understand the action of sand and aggregates in order to be able to harmonise them in such a way that they complement the action of superplasticisers positively, instead of working against them. Savings on costs can also be made by this targeted fine-tuning. KW - Rheology KW - Aggregates KW - Viscosity KW - Yield stress KW - Concrete PY - 2018 VL - 3 SP - 42 EP - 49 PB - ad-media GmbH CY - Cologne AN - OPUS4-47045 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Sonebi, M. A1 - Brouwers, H.J.H. A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Meng, Birgit ED - Diouri, A. ED - Khachani, N. ED - Alami Talbi, M. ED - Ait Brahim, L. ED - Bahi, L. T1 - Rheology modifying admixtures: The key to innovation in concrete technology - a general overview and implications for Africa N2 - Innovative admixture technology has significantly widened up the ränge of possibilities of concrete engineers. For many decades the water to cement ratio (w/c) was the major influencing factor for the performance of concrete. Due to the need to adjust a consistency, which still allowed reasonable workability, the w/c was typically significantly higher than technologically reasonable. Rheology modifying admixtures Support adjusting the concrete consistency largely independent of the w/c. It was only after the invention of the first superplasticizers that modern concrete technology significantly evolved in terms of flowability, strength, and durability, and only due to the steady evolution of the technology modern innovations, such as Self-Compacting Concrete, Ultra-High-Performance Concrete, or Engineered Cementitious Composites were made possible. Today’s superplasticizers are extremely versatile and can be adjusted to individual technological specifications. However, the other side of the coin of versatility is that cementitious Systems incorporating superplasticizers have become more sensitive against environmental influences, such as the environmental temperature, which may cause unwanted effects or demand for supplementary admixture use such as stabilizing admixtures. Hence, concrete mixture composition with admixtures demands for a high level of expertise and offen there is lack of awareness about the mode of Operation of rheology modifying admixtures among concrete technologists. The paper gives a comprehensive overview about rheology modifying admixtures such as superplasticizers or stabilizing agents, and how they can be used depending upon the application in the most favourable way. Based on experiences with the sub-Saharan African concreting boundary conditions, which exhibit many challenges in terms of environmental boundary conditions and construction site logistics, conclusions are finally drawn, how admixtures can be used in the most beneficial way to improve the concrete casting Situation. T2 - CMSS 2013 - International congress on materials & structural stability - Building up sustainable materials & constructions CY - Rabat, Morocco DA - 27.11.2013 KW - Rheology KW - Superplasticizers KW - Stabilising agents PY - 2013 SN - 978-9954-32-689-3 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-30040 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - Effects and potentials of plant based chemical admixtures on the performance of cementitious construction materials N2 - While today, engineers can choose from a wide range of rheology modifying admixtures, in some parts of the world, these are difficult to access, due to their complex processing. However, alternatives can be bio-based polymers such as polysaccharides from various sources. These are easily accessible all over the world, do not demand for complicated processing, and typically they are more sustainable than many established materials, which are crude oil-based. The paper presents the effects of acacia gum, cassava starch and the gum of triumfetta pendrata A. Rich on the rheological performance of cementitious systems. It is shown that acacia gum can be as efficient as polycarboxylate based superplasticisers, cassava starch can reduce the yield stress slightly with little effect on the plastic viscosity, and the gum of triumfetta pendrata A. Rich increases the thixotropy of cement pastes with plasticizing polymers significantly. T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) CY - Rovinj, Croatia DA - 20.03.2019 KW - Polysaccharides KW - Rheology KW - Cement KW - Chemical admixtures KW - Bio-based concrete PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47675 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - Challenges of the growing African cement market – Environmental issues, regulative framework and quality infrastructure requirements N2 - The African cement, concrete and construction business are growing at rapid pace. The cement sales are expected to grow tremendously until 2050. The number of newly built cement plants increases dramatically and in addition more cements are being imported from outside the continent, e.g. from Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, and China, driven by overcapacities in the countries of origin. This causes a high number of potentials and challenges at the same time. New cement plants can operate directly at best technological state of the art and thus incorporate more sustainable technologies as well as produce new and more sustainable products such as cements blended with sustainable supplementary cementitious materials such as calcined clays, and industrial or agricultural by products. At the same time the new variety of binding agent as well as the international imports, which are driven by price considerations, make the cement market prone to quality scatter. This puts pressure on the quality control regulations and institutions to ensure safety of construction, healthy application, and environmental safety for the population. The paper presents possible solutions to build up the rapidly increasing African cement production more sustainably than in the rest of the world as well as the related challenges and obstacles that need to be overcome. Based on experiences with a series of pan-African cement testing laboratory proficiency schemes conclusions are made on technical, regulative and political level. T2 - 2nd International Congress on Materials & Structural Stability CY - Rabat, Morocco DA - 21.11.2017 KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Round Robin KW - Proficiency testing KW - Cement KW - Africa PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Brouwers, H.J.H. A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Optimierung der Robustheit von selbstverdichtendem Beton gegenüber Temperatureinflüssen N2 - Selbstverdichtender Beton verhält sich unter Temperatureinfluss anders als Normalbeton, da die Rheologie neben der fortschreitenden Hydratation zusätzlich durch die von der Zeit und dem Hydratationsfortschritt abhängige Adsorption von Fließmitteln beeinflusst wird. Anhand rheometrischer Betonversuche an SVB unterschiedlicher Entwurfskonzepte mit variierter anionischer Ladungsdichte im Fließmittel wird verdeutlicht, dass mehlkornreiche SVB bei niedrigen Temperaturen sehr robust sind, während bei hohen Temperaturen mehlkornärmere Entwürfe zu bevorzugen sind. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, wie sich unterschiedliche Fließmittelmodifikationen in bestimmten Temperaturbereichen verhalten. Anhand des Wasser-Feststoff-Verhältnisses und des Adsorptionsverhaltens von Fließmitteln werden die maßgeblichen Prozesse erläutert und Möglichkeiten für die Entwicklung robuster Mischungen für individuelle Temperaturbereiche aufgeführt.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Regarding the temperature dependent performance, self-compacting concrete (SCC) distinguishes from normal concrete, since its rheology does not only depend upon the hydration itself but supplementary upon the adsorption of superplasticizers, which is affected by the time and the hydration progress. Based on rheometric concrete investigations with different SCC mixture compositions and varied anionic charge densities of the superplasticizers, it is shown that SCC, which is rich in powder components, shows robust performance at low temperatures, while compositions with lower powder contents are favourable at high temperatures. Furthermore, the performance of different superplasticizer modifications at different temperature ranges is demonstrated. The relevant processes are explained by means of the water to powder ratio as well as the adsorption behaviour of superplasticizers, and options for the development of robust mixture compositions for individual temperature ranges are itemised. KW - Betontechnologie KW - Hochleistungsbeton KW - Praxis KW - Rheologie KW - Mischungsentwurf KW - Selbstverdichtender Beton KW - Fließmittel KW - Temperatur KW - Frischbetoneigenschaften KW - Robustheit KW - Baustoffe KW - Versuche PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.201200051 SN - 0005-9900 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 108 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 21 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27699 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Wolf, Julia A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Rogge, Andreas T1 - Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Schallemissionsanalyse im Bauwesen N2 - Die Schallemissionsanalyse (SEA) ist ein passives zerstörungsfreies Prüfverfahren. mit dem Rissbildung, Risswachstum und andere Gefügeveränderungen delektiert und lokalisiert werden können. Anhand von zwei Beispielen aus der Forschung der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) wird gezeigt welche Möglichkeiten die SEA beim Bauwerksmonitoring und bei der Untersuchung von Baustoffen bietet. Im ersten Beispiel wird die Ortung von Schallemissionen zur Verfolgung des Risswachstums in Beton eingesetzt. Weiterhin wird mit Zugversuchen an Faserbeton illustriert, dass mit der SEA Versagensmechanismen identifiziert werden können. T2 - 8. Symposium Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Baukonstruktionen CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 24.09.2015 KW - Schallemission KW - SHCC PY - 2015 SN - 1613-6934 N1 - Serientitel: Schriftenreihe Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau Dresden – Series title: Schriftenreihe Konstruktiver Ingenieurbau Dresden VL - 40 SP - 61 EP - 72 PB - Technische Universität Dresden CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-34581 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Vasilic, Ksenija A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Roussel, N. T1 - Numerical simulations of scc casting: parameter determination N2 - The paper addresses numerical modelling of fresh self-compacting concrete. In the previous studies, a numerical tool for casting prediction is built based on the assumption that fresh concrete behaves as a yield-stress fluid and treating zones with rebars as porous media. The present contribution discusses the determination of material parameters, which are required as an input for numerical simulations of casting processes. T2 - International RILEM Conference on Materials, Systems and Structures in Civil Engineering 2016, Segment on Fresh Concrete CY - Lyngby, Denmark DA - 22.08.2016 KW - Fresh concrete KW - Simulation KW - CFD KW - Rheology PY - 2016 SN - 978-2-35158-184-1 SP - 163 EP - 172 PB - RILEM Publications S.A.R.L. CY - Paris, France AN - OPUS4-37446 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - Peculiarities of African cement and concrete markets: challenges and opportunities N2 - Today's African concrete construction environment differs greatly from that in Europe, Japan or North America. Europe can look back on a concrete tradition of more than 150 years. Standardising documents and guidelines have existed for over 100 years, and formed the foundation of modern Standards adopted and applied in many regions of the world. Technological developments in cement production are also strongly influenced by environmental conditions of the Northern hemisphere. In contrast, with the exception of South Africa, most countries of sub-Saharan Africa started cement production in the 1950s to 1960s, followed by a period of political and economic upheaval. As a result, there have not been serious approaches towards customised Solutions for concrete construction for conditions specific to sub-Saharan Africa; in most countries overseas Standards are applied, as a matter of course. PY - 2013 SN - 1560-2710 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 1 PB - Hypenica AN - OPUS4-30419 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Meng, Birgit ED - Rogge, A. ED - Meng, B. T1 - Zum Einfluss des Mischungsentwurfs und des Fließmittels auf temperaturbedingte Veränderungen der Rheologie von SVB T2 - 52. DAfStb-Forschungskolloquium CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2011-11-07 KW - Fließmittel KW - Polycarboxylatether KW - Selbstverdichtender Beton KW - Temperatureffekte KW - Rheologie PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9814281-0-0 SP - 40 EP - 49 PB - BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25194 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - "Effektivität von Stabilisierern - Einfluss des Feststoffvolumenanteils und Wechselwirkung mit Fließmitteln - "Effectiveness of Stabilising Agents - Influence of the Solid Volume Fraction and Interactions with Superplasticizers" T2 - 23. Konferenz "Rheologische Messungen an Baustoffen" CY - Regensburg, Germany DA - 2014-03-12 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30832 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -