TY - JOUR A1 - Nohr, Michael A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Lorenz, W. T1 - Development of a multi-VOC reference material for quality assurance in materials emission testing N2 - Emission test chamber measurement is necessary to proof building materials as sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results of such measurements are used to evaluate materials and label them according to their potential to emit harmful substances, polluting indoor air. If only labelled materials were installed indoors, this would improve indoor air quality and prevent negative impacts on human health. Because of the complex testing procedure, reference materials for the quality assurance are mandatory. Currently, there is a lack of such materials because most building products show a broad variation of emissions even within one batch. A previous study indicates lacquers, mixed with volatile organic pollutants, as reproducible emission source for a wide range of substances. In the present study, the curing of the lacquer-VOC mixture inside micro-chambers was optimised. Therefore, the humidity and the chamber flow were varied. Typical indoor air pollutants with a wide range of volatilities, for example, styrene, n-hexadecane, dimethyl and dibutyl phthalate were selected. It turned out that, under optimised curing parameters inside the micro-chamber, their emission can be reproduced with variations of less than 10 %. With this, a next important step towards a reference material for emission testing was achieved. KW - Reference material KW - Emission KW - Emission test chamber KW - Micro-chamber KW - VOC PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8387-2 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 407 IS - 11 SP - 3231 EP - 3237 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-32404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Klinge, A. A1 - Roswag, E. A1 - Fontana, Patrick A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo T1 - Indoor air emission tests of natural materials N2 - Emissions of building materials might have negative impact on human health and well-being. In the EU-funded research project H-House more than 30 natural materials (earthen dry boards and plasters, bio-based insulation materials made of wood, flax, reed, straw, etc.) used for renovation and refurbishment were tested regarding emissions of VOC, formaldehyde and radon. Different to ordinary emission tests on single materials this study focuses on the emissions from complete wall assemblies. Therefore, specially designed test chambers were used allowing the compounds to release only from the surface of the material facing indoors. The testing parameters were chosen in order to simulate model room conditions. The emission results were finally evaluated using the AgBB evaluation scheme, a procedure currently applied for the approval of flooring materials in Germany. T2 - 1st ICBBM - International conference on bio-based building materials CY - Clermont-Ferrand, France DA - 22.06.2015 KW - Emission testing KW - Natural materials KW - VOC KW - Formaldehyde KW - Radon PY - 2015 SN - 978-2-35158-154-4 SP - 641 EP - 643 AN - OPUS4-33609 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hofmann, Michael A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Determination of radon exhalation from building materials in dynamically operated test chambers by use of commercially available measuring devices N2 - The inhalation of radon (222Rn) decay products is the leading cause of lung cancer apart from tobacco smoking. Besides the permeation of radon from the subsoil through the basement as main source of radon in indoor air, also building materials have to be taken into consideration, especially at low air change rates in buildings. The Construction Products Regulation (EC, 2010) gives essential requirements for construction works regarding the release of dangerous substances such as toxic gases and radiation to which radon can be assigned. The recently adopted Basic Safety Standards Directive (EC, 2013), which has to be ratified by each European member state in between the next three years sets reference levels for indoor radon concentrations for the first time. In research project financed by the German Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety a practical, reliable and easily applicable test procedure for the determination of radon exhalation from building materials – based on ISO 16000-9 (ISO, 2006) and CEN/TS 16516 (CEN, 2013) – should be developed. In contrast to the static test procedure published by Richter et al. (2013), dynamically operated test chambers shall be foregrounded. First results of this study are presented, focused on the reliable measurement of radon background concentration and the selection of suitable radon test devices, representing the basic elements of the subsequent work. T2 - Healthy Buildings Europe 2015 CY - Eindhoven, The Netherlands DA - 18.05.2015 KW - Radon exhalation KW - Building material KW - VOC emission test chamber KW - Radon measurement PY - 2015 SN - 978-90-386-3889-8 SP - Paper 552, 1 EP - 3 AN - OPUS4-35011 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nohr, Michael A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Wiegner, Katharina A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Lorenz, W. T1 - Development of a material with reproducible emission of selected volatile organic compounds - mu-chamber study N2 - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found indoors have the potential to affect human health. Typical sources include building materials, furnishings, cleaning agents, etc. To address this risk, chemical emission testing is used to assess the potential of different materials to pollute indoor air. One objective of the European Joint Research Project 'MACPoll' (Metrology for Chemical Pollutants in Air) aims at developing and testing a reference material for the quality control of the emission testing procedure. Furthermore, it would enable comparison of measurement results between test laboratories. The heterogeneity of the majority of materials makes it difficult to find a suitable reference sample. In the present study, styrene, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, N-methyl-α-pyrrolidone, lindane, n-hexadecane, 1,2-dimethyl- and 1,2-di-n-butyl-phthalate were added to 12 commercially available lacquers (6 alkyd and 6 acrylic polymer based lacquers) serving as carrier substrate. After homogenization, the mixtures were loaded into a Markes Micro-Chamber/Thermal Extractor (µ-CTE™) for curing and investigation of the emission behavior for each compound. For almost all of the investigated chemicals, the preferred glossy acrylic lacquer showed emissions that were reproducible with a variation of less than 20% RSD. Such lacquer systems have therefore been shown to be good candidates for use as reference materials in inter-laboratory studies. KW - VOC KW - Reference material KW - Emission testing KW - Indoor air KW - Inter-laboratory study PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.047 SN - 0045-6535 SN - 0366-7111 VL - 107 SP - 224 EP - 229 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Kidlington, Oxford AN - OPUS4-30816 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Pyza, Lars A1 - Wilke, Olaf T1 - System to generate stable long-term VOC gas mixtures of concentrations in the ppb range for test and calibration purposes N2 - The development of a gas mixing system (GMS) that enables dynamic and retraceable production of stable long-term VOC gas mixtures within the ppb range is discussed. In this system pure liquid substances are kept separately at a constant temperature, evaporated according to their vapour pressure and removed by a small inert gas flow. A modular set-up allows flexible handling. All vapours generated are finally united in a mixing chamber. Any concentration level of the gas mixture can be produced by a suitable combination of evaporation temperature, carrier and dilution gas flows. Test results from continuous operation over six weeks are presented. The equipment was tested on seven volatile organic compounds (VOC) of different vapour pressure ranges. It was possible to establish stable operation for the equipment during the entire period and reproducible gas concentrations which were traceable to the mass as an SI unit, thus the system is suitable for long-term tests.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Im Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines Gasmischsystems (GMS) beschrieben, das die dynamische und rückführbare Generierung von langzeitstabilen VOC-Gasgemischen im ppb-Bereich erlaubt. Dabei werden Reinsubstanzen separat temperiert, ihrem Dampfdruck entsprechend verdampft und durch einen kleinen Inertgasstrom abgeführt. In einer Mischkammer werden sie schließlich zusammengeführt. Durch die Kombination von Verdampfungstemperatur, Träger- und Verdünnungsgasflüssen ist die Einstellung eines beliebigen Konzentrationsniveaus des Gasgemischs möglich. Aus einem Dauerbetrieb von sechs Wochen werden Untersuchungsergebnisse gezeigt. Dabei wurde die Apparatur mit insgesamt sieben flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC) unterschiedlicher Dampfdruckbereiche betrieben. Die Anlage lief über den gesamten Zeitraum stabil und lieferte reproduzierbare und auf die Masse als SI-Einheit rückführbare Gaskonzentrationen. Somit ist das Verfahren für Langzeitanwendungen geeignet. KW - Gas mixing system KW - VOC gas mixtures KW - Low gas concentrations KW - Evaporation KW - Dynamic gas generation PY - 2013 SN - 0949-8036 SN - 0039-0771 SN - 1436-4891 VL - 73 IS - 3 SP - 103 EP - 106 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-27903 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Kemski, J. A1 - Schneider, Uwe A1 - Krocker, Christian A1 - Hoffmann, B. T1 - Determination of radon exhalation from construction materials using VOC emission test chambers N2 - The inhalation of 222Rn (radon) decay products is one of the most important reasons for lung cancer after smoking. Stony building materials are an important source of indoor radon. This article describes the determination of the exhalation rate of stony construction materials by the use of commercially available measuring devices in combination with VOC emission test chambers. Five materials – two types of clay brick, clinker brick, light-weight concrete brick, and honeycomb brick – generally used for wall constructions were used for the experiments. Their contribution to real room concentrations was estimated by applying room model parameters given in ISO 16000-9, RP 112, and AgBB. This knowledge can be relevant, if for instance indoor radon concentration is limited by law. The test set-up used here is well suited for application in test laboratories dealing with VOC emission testing. KW - Radon exhalation KW - Radon measurement KW - Building material KW - Emission test chamber KW - Indoor air quality KW - Real room radon concentrations PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12031 SN - 0905-6947 SN - 1600-0668 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 397 EP - 405 PB - Danish Techn. Pr. CY - Copenhagen AN - OPUS4-29408 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Determination of radon exhalation rates from construction materials using VOC emission test chambers T2 - IAQ 2013 - Environmental health in low energy buildings CY - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada DA - 2013-10-15 KW - Radon exhalation KW - Radon measurement KW - Construction material KW - Emission test chamber KW - Indoor air quality PY - 2013 SN - 2166-4870 SP - 508 EP - 512 AN - OPUS4-29407 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Use of emission test chambers for the determination of chemical emissions from construction materials T2 - 1st International conference on the chemistry of construction materials CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-10-07 KW - VOC KW - Emission from materials KW - Construction materials KW - Emission test chamber PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-936028-75-1 N1 - Serientitel: GDCh-Monographien – Series title: GDCh-Monographien VL - 46 SP - 259 EP - 262 AN - OPUS4-29480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Schulz, Christian A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Test chamber measurements for the robustness validation of the test method for the determination of VOC-emissions from construction products into indoor air N2 - The document N129 of CEN/TC 351/WG 2 “Construction products - Assessment of emissions of regulated dangerous substances from construction products” is a draft Standard for the determination of emissions from construction products into indoor air. The determination is done by the use of emission test chambers (ISO 16000-9) in combination with appropriate sampling and analysis methods. Although the emission test chamber method is established since about 20 years it is still not validated. However, during the last 5 years some roundrobin tests (Wilke et al., 2009) showed good comparability for the testing in different laboratories using different test parameters. Nevertheless it was about time to Start a validation process. T2 - Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International conference CY - Brisbane, Australia DA - 08.07.2012 KW - VOC KW - Emission studies KW - Product safety KW - Emission test chamber PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-921897-40-5 SP - 1 EP - 2 (1D.2) AN - OPUS4-27560 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Brödner, Doris T1 - Emission study of furniture boards for the next version of the German eco label 'Blue Angel' for wood and wooden products (RAL-UZ 38) N2 - In 1998 the German environmental label “Blue Angel” for wood and wooden products was the first of a series of “Blue Angels” for consumer products which set maximum values for the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Since then the emission of VOC from consumer and construction products got more and more attention. In 2001 the AgBB-scheme (AgBB: Committee for health-related evaluation of building products, 2010) was developed in Germany for a health-related evaluation of building products. The AgBB-scheme has been implemented to all “Blue Angels” but RAL-UZ 38. Therefore it was about time to include the AgBB-scheme also for this environmental label. T2 - Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International conference CY - Brisbane, Australia DA - 08.07.2012 KW - Certification/labelling KW - Sources/emissions KW - VOC KW - Emission studies KW - Healthy homes and buildings PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-921897-40-5 SP - 1 EP - 2 (1D.8) AN - OPUS4-27559 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Beck, Oliver A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Pyza, Lars A1 - Seeger, Stefan T1 - Test procedure for the evaluation of adsorptive building materials N2 - Construction materials working on the basis of physisorption or chemisorptions are considered as an additional means to improve indoor air quality. Some manufacturers promise a complete demineralisation of VOCs into C02 and water being not possible for most of typical indoor air pollutants. On the contrary, sometimes new substances are generated due to surface reactions, e.g. formaldehyde (Salthammer and Fuhrmann, 2007). For evaluating such products a testing system was built up at BAM enabling testing under defined, reproducible and realistic conditions. Tue VOC test gas is provided by a gas mixing system (GMS) developed at our institute (Richter, 2010). VOC gas mixtures with retraceable concentrations between 1 µg m·3 up to 1.5 mg m·3 can be produced. A gypsum board promoted as an 'air cleaner' was put in a 1 m3 emission test chamber connected with the GMS. The board was exposed to a gas mixture of four VOCs - ethyl acetate, hexanal, (+)-a-pinene and R-(+)-limonene - with gas concentrations between 600 µg m·3 and 1,440 µg m·3 for a period of 14 days. T2 - Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International conference CY - Brisbane, Australia DA - 08.07.2012 KW - Air cleaning KW - Sorptive construction materials KW - Test procedure KW - Volatile organic compound KW - Test gas generation KW - Healthy homes and buildings KW - Material and construction KW - Product safety KW - Risk assessment PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-921897-40-5 SP - 43 EP - 44 (Session 4B) AN - OPUS4-27558 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nohr, Michael A1 - Wiegner, Katharina A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Development of a reference material for the measurement of (S)VOC in emission test chambers N2 - Generally most of the daily time citizens in western countries spend indoors (Brasche and Bischof, 2005). Several investigations Show that harmful (semi-) volatile organic Compounds ((S)VOC) can emit from fumiture and building products into indoor air. Additionally, a significant impact of (S)VOC on the human health is also given (Boeglin et al., 2005). To assess the health impact and air quality, reliable and significant measurements and analytical procedures for the detection of contaminants in indoor air are necessary. Several studies show that the results from inter-Iaboratory round robin test for such (S)VOC measurements show considerable variations up to 300 % (Howard-Reed et al., 2007). Therefore standardisations of Methods for sample preparation, air sampling and for the measurement of (S)VOC emissions are important to get reproducible results. MACPoll (Metrology for Chemical pollutants in air) is one section ofthe environment call of EMRP (European Metrology Research Projekt) and aims to improve the analysis of gaseous pollutants in air. By investigate the traceability for the measurement of (S)VOC in indoor air one part of this project deals with the addressed problems. T2 - Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International conference CY - Brisbane, Australia DA - 08.07.2012 KW - VOC KW - Sources/emissions KW - Measurements KW - Laboratory studies PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-921897-40-5 SP - 1 EP - 2 (5B.10) AN - OPUS4-27568 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Kemski, J. A1 - Klingel, R. A1 - Schneider, Uwe A1 - Krocker, Christian T1 - Investigations on radon exhalation of different building materials N2 - The inhalation of 222Rn (radon) is one of the most important reasons for lung cancer, after smoking. Usually, the geological subsoil and the building ground are the dominant sources for enhanced indoor radon levels. Additionally, building materials can increase indoor radon concentrations when these materials contain higher contents of 226Ra (radium), especially in combination with low air exchange rates. For a realistic estimation of indoor radon concentrations, it is helpful to carry out measurements of radon exhalation rates from relevant materials using emission test chambers. In Germany, it is aspired to limit the total indoor radon concentration to 100 Bq/m3, whereby building materials should contribute at most 20 Bq/m3. Within a project financed by the German Institute for Construction Technology (DIBt), a practical oriented measurement procedure of the radon exhalation of building materials in accordance to ISO 16000-9 was developed to have a means for the assessment of these materials with respect to their indoor use. Test chambers with different volumes were used. The tested materials were mainly used for wall constructions (e.g., bricks, light-weight concrete) and have known specific radium activities and radon exhalation rates. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Radon exhalation KW - Building material KW - Emission test chamber KW - Indoor air PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-24155 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Till, Carola T1 - Application of a new gas mixing device to test adsorptive wall materials N2 - With a gas mixing system (GMS) developed in our laboratory we created a gas mixture of four substances. Adsorptive wall materials of four different compositions were exposed to this gas mixture, consisting of 1-pentanol, hexanal, butyl acetate and n-decane. Aim of this study was to scrutinize the ability of these samples to reduce the concentration of the supplied gas. This capacity is expressed in the sorption flux F or area specific adsorption rate respectively. The test was performed referring to a draft of ISO 16000-24. T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition CY - Syracuse, NY, USA DA - 2009-09-13 KW - Gas mixing device KW - Adsorptive wall material KW - Sorption flux PY - 2009 IS - Paper 259 SP - 1 EP - 2 CY - Syracuse, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-20126 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Pyza, Lars T1 - Development and validation of a new gas mixing device for low concentrations N2 - In our laboratory we developed a gas mixing system (GMS) that is capable of producing stable VOC gas mixtures with concentrations of 1-1000 µg m-3. The single gases are produced by evaporating the pure and liquid substances. T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition CY - Syracuse, NY, USA DA - 2009-09-13 KW - Gas mixing device KW - Low VOC concentrations KW - Gas atmosphere PY - 2009 IS - Paper 263 SP - 1 EP - 2 CY - Syracuse, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-20124 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -