TY - CONF A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Kunze, R. A1 - Avilov, Vjaceslav A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Finite element modelling of an AC electromagnetic weld pool support in full penetration laser beam welding of thick duplex stainless steel plates N2 - An electromagnetic weld pool support system for 20 mm thick duplex stainless steel AISI 2205 was investigated numerically and compared to experiments. In our former publications, it was shown how an AC magnetic field below the process zone directed perpendicular to the welding direction can induce vertically directed Lorentz forces. These can counteract the gravitational forces and allow for a suppression of material drop-out for austenitic stainless steels and aluminum alloys. In this investigation, we additionally adopted a steady-state complex magnetic permeability model for the consideration of the magnetic hysteresis behavior due to the ferritic characteristics of the material. The model was calibrated against the Jiles-Atherton model. The material model was also successfully tested against an experimental configuration before welding with a 30 mm diameter cylinder of austenitic stainless steel surrounded by duplex stainless steel. Thereby, the effects of the Curie temperature on the magnetic characteristics in the vicinity of the later welding zone were simulated. The welding process was modelled with a 3D turbulent steady-state model including heat transfer and fluid dynamics as well as the electromagnetic field equations. Main physical effects, the thermo-capillary (Marangoni) convection at the weld pool boundaries, the natural convection due to gravity as well as latent heat of solid–liquid phase transitions at the phase boundaries were accounted for in the model. The feedback of the electromagnetic forces on the weld pool was described in terms of the electromagneticinduced pressure. The FE software COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2 was used in this investigation. It is shown that the gravity drop-out associated with the welding of 20 mm thick duplex stainless steel plates due to the hydrostatic pressure can be prevented by the application of AC magnetic fields between around 70 mT and 90 mT. The corresponding oscillation frequencies were between 1 kHz and 10 kHz and the electromagnetic AC powers were between 1 kW and 2.3 kW. In the experiments, values of the electromagnetic AC power between 1.6 kW and 2.4 kW at oscillation frequencies between 1.2 kHz and 2.5 kHz were found to be optimal to avoid melt sagging or drop-out of melt in single pass fullpenetration laser beam welding of 15 mm and 20 mm thick AISI 2205. T2 - ICALEO 2015 - 34th International congress on applications of lasers & electro-optics CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 2015-10-18 KW - Electromagnetic weld pool support KW - Laser beam welding KW - FE simulation KW - Duplex stainless steel PY - 2015 SN - 978-1-940168-05-0 SP - 650 EP - 659 AN - OPUS4-35036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lemke, J. A1 - Biegler, M. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Fließfähigkeitsanalyse zweier Pulverfraktionen aus AISI 316L und resultierende Bauteildichte DED-LB aufgebauter Quader N2 - Die Fließfähigkeit von Metallpulvern gilt als wichtige Pulvereigenschaft für den additiven Aufbau mittels Laser, wobei bisher wenige Arbeiten die Auswirkungen im Laserpulverauftragschweißen (Engl.: Directed Energy Deposition DED-LB) untersuchen. Arbeiten, die sich mit den Pulvereigenschaften für Pulverbettverfahren beschäftigen, zeigen Korrelationen zwischen Partikelgrößenverteilung und Fließeigenschaften mit der Bauteildichte und den mechanischen Eigenschaften. Sie bewerten insbesondere Pulverbettdichte und -stabilität. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden daher die Eigenschaften zweier Pulverfraktionen (20 µm – 63 µm und 63 µm – 150 µm) des austenitischen Stahls AISI 316L und deren freien Ausfluss im Vergleich zur Pulverdichte untersucht. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die feinere Pulverfraktion eine um 14,5 % höhere Durchflussrate erzielt als die gröbere Fraktion. korreliert die Ergebnisse zur inneren Porosität und Partikelgrößenverteilung. Die Analyse der Bauteilqualität zeigt einen geringen Einfluss der Korngrößenverteilung auf die Porosiät der DED-LB aufgebauten Quader. T2 - 44. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik der WGF CY - Päwesin, Germany DA - 20.09.2023 KW - 316L KW - Fließfähigkeit KW - DED-LB KW - Hall-Flow KW - Metallpulver PY - 2024 SP - 131 EP - 140 AN - OPUS4-60723 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Na, S.-J. A1 - Han, S.-W. A1 - Muhammad, S. A1 - Zhang, L. A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael A1 - Karhu, M. A1 - Kujanpa, V. T1 - Flow and Bead Formation Characteristics in High Power Laser Welding at Different Welding Positions (Invited Talk) N2 - The numerical simulations of high power laser keyhole welding at different welding positions are performed by using Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method. The main material is SS400. The multi-physics phenomenon is considered using several models, such as the heat flux of Gaussian heat source, the recoil pressure with Clausisus-Clapeyron equation, the Marangoni flow considering temperature gradient, the buoyancy force with Boussinesq approximation, the additional shear stress and heat source due to metallic vapor ejected through keyhole entrance, the bubble formation assumed as adiabatic bubble, and the multiple-reflection by solving proper discriminant, are used. To analyze the fluid flow pattern, the concept of streamline formed by reconstructing the value of the velocity vector is applied. Partial and full penetration cases at different welding positions are considered. The welding position seems to have only a minor influence on bead formation characteristics in both cases. This is probably due to the fact that the recoil pressure has a major influence when compared to other driving forces. The flow characteristics and fluid velocity in weld pool are analyzed to compare the gravity direction effect at different welding positions. It is observed that the clockwise flow pattern is mainly formed by the recoil pressure on the keyhole surface in the case of partial penetration. The laser energy can't maintain the whole weld pool when the weld pool size becomes too large. And then the solidification starts from the middle part of weld pool and a necked weld pool shape is formed. In the full penetration welding, the weld pool flow patterns are affected by the leakage of laser power through the full penetration keyhole and also by surface tension. Furthermore, the numerical simulation of full penetration welding with AISI316L is also performed to analyze the effect of material properties. The weld bead shapes obtained by simulations were compared with the corresponding experimental results to confirm the validity of the process models adopted and the CFD simulation tool. T2 - Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2015 CY - München, Germany DA - 22.06.2015 KW - Macro Processing (Joining, Welding) KW - Weld pool KW - Flow pattern KW - Different welding position KW - Numerical simulation KW - High power laser keyhole welding PY - 2015 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-37163 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Polami, S.M. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael A1 - Schmid, A. T1 - Friction welding of drive pinions for heavy-duty trucks T2 - 5. VDI-Fachtagung Welle-Nabe-Verbindungen CY - Nürtingen, Germany DA - 2012-09-25 PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-18-092176-1 SN - 0083-5560 N1 - Serientitel: VDI-Berichte – Series title: VDI-Berichte VL - 2176 SP - 211 EP - 219 PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-27749 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rethmeier, Michael A1 - Üstündag, Ö. A1 - Avilov, V. A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey T1 - Full penetration hybrid laser arc welding of up to 28 mm thick S355 plates using electromagnetic weld pool support N2 - The laser hybrid welding process offers many advantages regarding deep penetration, increased welding velocity and with the help of the supplied filler wire an improved bridgeability to gap and misalignment tolerances. High power laser systems with a power of approx. 30 kW are already available on the market. Nevertheless, multi-layer technology with an arc process is still used for welding of plates from a thickness from 20 mm. A potential cause is the process instability with increasing laser power. It is inevitable that gravity drop-out due to the high hydrostatic pressure at increasing wall thickness especially at welding in flat position and with a low welding speed. The surface tension decreases with increasing root width resulting from low welding velocities. To prevent such inadmissible defects of the seam a use of weld pool support is required. Usual weld pool support systems such as ceramic or powder supports require a mechanical detachment which is time-consuming. The electromagnetic weld pool support system described in this work shows an alternative weld pool support which works contactless. It is based on generating Lorentz forces in the weld pool due to oscillating magnetic field and induced eddy currents. This innovative technology offers single pass welds up to 28 mm in flat position and reduced welding velocity with a laser power of just 19 kW. It also leads to improved mechanical-technological properties of the seams because of the slow cooling rate. With usage of an electromagnetic weld pool support the limitation of the hybrid laser arc welding process in the thick sheet metal will be extend. T2 - 9-th international Conference Beam Technology and Laser Application CY - St. Petersburg, Russia DA - 17.09.2018 KW - Hybrid laser arc welding KW - Electromagnetic support PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46290 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Üstündag, Ö. A1 - Avilov, V. A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Full penetration hybrid laser arc welding of up to 28 mm thick S355 plates using electromagnetic weld pool support N2 - The laser hybrid welding process offers many advantages regarding deep penetration, increased welding velocity and with the help of the supplied filler wire an improved bridgeability to gap and misalignment tolerances. High power laser systems with a power of approx. 30 kW are already available on the market. Nevertheless, multi-layer technology with an arc process is still used for welding of plates from a thickness from 20 mm. A potential cause is the process instability with increasing laser power. It is inevitable that gravity drop-out due to the high hydrostatic pressure at increasing wall thickness especially at welding in flat position and with a low welding speed. The surface tension decreases with increasing root width resulting from low welding velocities. To prevent such inadmissible defects of the seam a use of weld pool support is required. Usual weld pool support systems such as ceramic or powder supports require a mechanical detachment which is time-consuming. The electromagnetic weld pool support system described in this work shows an alternative weld pool support which works contactless. It is based on generating Lorentz forces in the weld pool due to oscillating magnetic field and induced eddy currents. This innovative technology offers single pass welds up to 28 mm in flat position and reduced welding velocity with a laser power of just 19 kW. It also leads to improved mechanical-technological properties of the seams because of the slow cooling rate. With usage of an electromagnetic weld pool support the limitation of the hybrid laser arc welding process in the thick sheet metal will be extend. KW - Electromagnetic weld pool support KW - Hybrid laser arc welding KW - Thick-walled steel KW - Single pass welding PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-468276 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1109/1/012015 SN - 1742-6596 VL - 1109 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - IOP Publ. AN - OPUS4-46827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Avilov, Vjaceslav A1 - Fritzsche, André A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Full penetration laser beam welding of thick duplex steel plates with electromagnetic weld pool support N2 - Full penetration high power bead-on-plate laser beam welding tests of up to 20 mm thick 2205 duplex steel plates were performed in PA position. A contactless inductive electromagnetic (EM) weld pool support system was used to prevent gravity drop-out of the melt. Welding experiments with 15 mm thick plates were carried out using IPG fiber laser YLR 20000 and Yb:YAG thin disk laser TruDisk 16002. The laser power needed to achieve a full penetration was found to be 10.9 and 8.56kW for welding velocity of 1.0 and 0.5 m min(-1), respectively. Reference welds without weld pool support demonstrate excessive root sag. The optimal value of the alternating current (AC) power needed to completely compensate the sagging on the root side was found to be approximate to 1.6 kW for both values of the welding velocity. The same EM weld pool support system was used in welding tests with 20 mm thick plates. The laser beam power (TRUMPF Yb:YAG thin disk laser TruDisk 16002) needed to reach a full penetration for 0.5 m min(-1) was found to be 13.9 kW. Full penetration welding without EM weld pool support is not possible-the surface tension cannot stop the gravity drop-out of the melt. The AC power needed to completely compensate the gravity was found to be 2 kW. (C) 2016 Laser Institute of America T2 - ICALEO 2015 - 34th International congress on applications of lasers & electro-optics CY - Atlanta, GA, USA DA - 2015-10-18 KW - Electromagnetic weld pool support KW - Laser beam welding KW - Duplex stainless steel PY - 2015 SN - 978-1-940168-05-0 SP - 571 EP - 579 PB - Amer inst physics CY - Melville, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-35035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Marquardt, R. A1 - Biegler, M. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Funktional gradierte Materialien auf Basis von Stellite und Stahl im Laserpulver-Auftragschweißen N2 - Das Hinzufügen von Stellite auf Stahl ist eine typische Vorgehensweise um Bauteile gegen Verschleiß und Korrosion zu schützen. Der Sprung in den Materialeigenschaften kann jedoch zu Rissen und somit zum Versagen der Beschichtung führen. Um die Lebensdauer von Beschichtungen zu erhöhen wird daher ein gradierter Übergang mit verschiedenen Materialpaarungen untersucht. T2 - 13. Fachtagung Verschleiss- und Korrosionsschutz von Bauteilen durch Auftragschweißen CY - Haale (Saale), Germany DA - 22.06.2022 KW - FGM KW - DED KW - AM KW - Functionally Graded Materials KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Directed Energy Deposition PY - 2022 SP - 66 EP - 73 AN - OPUS4-55504 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fabry, Çağtay A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Gap width detection in automated narrow-gap GMAW with varying process parameters N2 - An approach to develop an arc sensor for gap-width estimation during automated NG-GMAW with a weaving electrode motion is introduced by combining arc sensor readings with optical measurement of the groove shape to allow precise analyses of the process. The two test specimen welded for this study were designed to feature a variable groove geometry in order to maximize efficiency of the conducted experimental efforts, resulting in 1696 individual weaving cycle records with associated arc sensor measurements, process parameters and groove shape information. Gap width was varied from 18 to 25 mm and wire feed rates in the range of 9 to 13 m/min were used in the course of this study. Artificial neural networks were used as a modelling tool to derive an arc sensor for estimation of gap width suitable for online process control that can adapt to changes in process parameters as well as changes in the weaving motion of the electrode. Wire feed rate, weaving current, sidewall dwell currents and angles were used as inputs to calculate the gap width. Evaluation the proposed arc sensor model show very good estimation capabilities for parameters sufficiently covered during experiments. T2 - IIW Annual Assembly 2017 CY - Shanghai, China DA - 25.06.2017 KW - Arc sensor KW - Automation KW - GMAW KW - Narrow-gap welding KW - Neural network PY - 2017 SP - 1 EP - 19 AN - OPUS4-44283 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Gekoppelte numerische Untersuchung der Bildung von Mittelrippendefekten beim Hochleistungslaserstrahlschweißen N2 - Die Entstehung von Erstarrungsrissen stellt ein in der Schweißtechnik lange bekanntes Problem dar. Diese prozessseitige Herausforderung ist selbst nach dem heutigen Wissenstand schwer zu beherrschen und gefährdet die Sicherheit der gefügten Bauteile. Dieses Problem erweist sich als besonders schwierig beim einlagigen Hochleistungslaserstrahlschweißen von Metallteilen hoher Blechstärke, welche eine essentielle Rolle in vielerlei industriellen Anwendungen spielen. Gegenstand des hier bearbeiteten Forschungsprojekts war die numerische Untersuchung der Entstehungsmechanismen des Mittelrippendefekts beim Laserstrahlschweißen niedriglegierter Stähle. Mittels mehrerer gekoppelter Simulationen, für welche sowohl kommerziellen Softwares, wie COMSOL Multiphysics und ANSYS, als auch in-house entwickelte Programme eingesetzt worden sind, wurden die am stärksten ausgeprägten Mechanismen der Erstarrungsrissbildung und deren Zusammenspiel aufgeklärt. Begleitend zur Simulation wurden mehrere experimentelle Untersuchungen für den niedriglegierten Baustahl S355 an den Blechdicken 12 mm und 15 mm zu deren Validierung durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Simulation des Kristallwachstums, der Diffusion und der Makroseigerung von Schwefel zeigen, dass die Risse für bestimmte Werkstoffe mit einer hohen Konzentration an Verunreinigungen hauptsächlich metallurgisch bedingt entstehen können. Allerdings zeigte die Untersuchung des Einflusses der Ausbauchung (Bulging) im Mittenbereich der Schweißnaht auf das transiente Temperaturfeld und die transienten Transversalspannungen im risskritischen Bereich auch, dass die Rissbildung nicht nur metallurgisch bedingt und insbesondere auch für aus metallurgischer Sicht eigentlich rissunkritische Materialien auftreten kann. Der Bulging-Bereich hat sich in der Untersuchung als besonders kritisch in allen Teilen der Simulationskette gezeigt. Die Einflüsse dieser geometrischen Besonderheit konnten bei allen physikalischen Teilaspekten der Problematik als heißrissinduzierend identifiziert werden. Von besonderer Bedeutung wird an dieser Stelle das erkannte Zusammenspiel dieser Einflüsse hervorgehoben. Bisher wurde die Bildung der Erstarrungsrisse hauptsächlich durch einen einzelnen physikalischen Aspekt, wie z.B. rein metallurgisch oder rein thermomechanisch bedingt, isoliert betrachtet. Die gewonnen Erkenntnisse über die Einflüsse des Bulgings auf die unterschiedlichen Teilaspekte zeigen deutlich, dass alle Entstehungsmechanismen auch die Schmelzbadgeometrie als Ursprung haben. Von dieser hängen die transienten Temperatur- und Spannungsfelder, die Kristallwachsrichtung, die Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit und die Konzentration von Verunreinigungen, welche zur Entstehung von niedrigschmelzenden Phasen führt, ab. Die Ergebnisse des Forschungsvorhabens sind vielfach in referierten Zeitschriften und auf Fachtagungen veröffentlicht worden. Hervorzuheben dabei ist der „Best Presentation Award“ auf der LANE Conference 2018 in Fürth, wodurch die Thematik einem breiten Publikum bekannt gemacht werden konnte. KW - Laserstrahlschweißen KW - Mittelrippendefekt KW - Simulation PY - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 14 AN - OPUS4-49516 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schwenk, Christopher A1 - Tikhomirov, D. A1 - Eßer, G. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - General standard for welding simulation N2 - For differentiating the applicability of various numerical welding Simulation methods as well as unifying the prerequisites and the Steps to be taken in Simulation, normative codes are required for the user. Since any standard-like documents are currently still lacking in this field, DIN German Institute for Standardization has set up the Standards Committee NA 092-00-29-AA "Welding Simulation" dealing with the preparation of respective documents. This committee was initiated in partnership with the joint committee FA 12 "Weld Simulation on Application" of the Research Association of DVS German Welding Society. The objective of this Standardization work in the field of numerical welding Simulation is to prepare a DIN SPEC with a view to standardizing the approaches to the Simulation of various welding phenomena and processes over the long run. In a draft version of DIN SPEC 32534 that has already been prepared by the above mentioned Committee, the structure of the primary document was stated. The primary document specifies the application fields and the key terms of welding Simulation. In addition, the generally valid Simulation structure has been established which is intended to serve as a recommendation for customers and suppliers in formulating and handling a Service order as well as for persons who Start doing welding Simulation for the first time. This article focuses on the presentation of the new DIN SPEC 32534-1 explaining the major Simulation Steps. It additionally addresses the Classification of the secondary documents depending on the welding process and on the desired Simulation result. Finally, it gives an overview of the other subject areas dealt with in the Standards Committee NA 092-00-29-AA "Welding Simulation" as well as of the international activities in this field. T2 - IIW SC-Auto Intermediate Meeting CY - Ijmuiden, The Netherlands DA - 11.04.2011 KW - Welding simulation KW - Standardization KW - Applicability KW - Execution KW - Result display PY - 2011 IS - SC-Auto-44-11 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-23519 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schempp, Philipp A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Grain structure in aluminium TIG welds N2 - The microstructure of a fusion weld has great influences on the susceptibility of the base material to hot cracking and on the mechanical properties of the weld. Small, globulitic grains are necessary for increased strength, ductility and toughness and for a low inclination to hot cracking instead of large, oblong grains. This study reports on the factors which exert the main influences on such grain refinement in the weld. Thus, the influences of the thermal conditions, the chemical composition of the weld metal and the number and type of solidification nuclei on the microstructure were classified for the TIG welding of three different aluminium alloys. PY - 2014 SN - 1612-3433 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 177 EP - 181 PB - DVS - German Welding Society CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-30806 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Karkhin, V.A. A1 - Pittner, Andreas A1 - Schwenk, Christopher A1 - Rethmeier, Michael ED - Makhnenko, V.I. T1 - Heat source models in simulation of heat flow in fusion welding T2 - 5th International Conference - Mathematical modelling and information technologies in welding and related processes CY - vil. Katsiveli, Crimea, Ukraine DA - 2010-05-25 PY - 2010 SN - 978-966-8872-15-0 SP - 56 EP - 60 CY - Kiev, Ukraine AN - OPUS4-23382 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Uhlmann, E. A1 - Düchting, J. A1 - Petrat, T. A1 - Graf, B. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Heat treatment of SLM-LMD hybrid components N2 - Additive manufacturing is no longer just used for the production of prototypes but already found its way into the industrial production. However, the fabrication of massive metallic parts with high geometrical complexity is still too time-consuming to be economically viable. The combination of the powder bed-based selective laser melting process (SLM), known for its geometrical freedom and accuracy, and the nozzle-based laser metal deposition process (LMD), known for its high build-up rates, has great potential to reduce the process duration. For the industrial application of the SLM-LMD hybrid process chain it is necessary to investigate the interaction of the processes and its effect on the material properties to guarantee part quality and prevent component failure. Therefore, hybrid components are manufactured and examined before and after the heat treatment regarding the microstructure and the hardness in the SLM-LMD transition zone. The experiments are conducted using the nickel-based alloy Inconel 718. T2 - LiM 2019 CY - München, Germany DA - 23.06.2019 KW - Additive Manufacturing KW - Selective Laser Melting KW - Hybrid components KW - Inconel 718 KW - Laser Metal Deposition PY - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-48410 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Gook, Sergej A1 - Lammers, Marco A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - High power fibre laser welding for pipeline applications N2 - With an availability of the modern high power fibre lasers the application range of laser and laser hybrid welding can be significantly increased. For the implementation of this new technology in the economically extremely interesting application of pipeline construction it is necessary to fulfil a series of systematic research studies. As it has been shown in the past the fibre laser hybrid wielding of pipeline Steel X65 up to 32 mm thickness is possible with appropriate quality. For the use of laser-hybrid welding in pipe laying insensibility towards tolerances and the possibility of girth welding are very important factors in addition to the weld seam quality. The aim of a Research project carried out in the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) was the development of a welding procedure using high power fibre laser in combination with GMAWProcess which could be applied for welding of pipelines. For tests segments of linepipes with an outer diameter of 914 mm and a wall thickness of 16 mm have been welded using specially designed equipment for girth welding of pipes. First promising results for the use of laser-hybrid welding of thick materials could be demonstrated. The gap-bridgeability and misalignement was studied. T2 - LAMP2009 - 5th International congress on laser advanced materials processing CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 29.06.2009 KW - High power fiber laser KW - Laser beam welding KW - Hybrid welding KW - Pipeline construction KW - Orbital welding PY - 2009 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-19936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rethmeier, Michael A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Gook, Sergej ED - Michailov, V. ED - Ossenbrink, R. ED - Doynov, N. T1 - High power laser beam welding T2 - International symposium welding technology - Processes, materials, simulation CY - Senftenberg, Germany DA - 2013-11-06 KW - High strength steel KW - Laser hybrid welding KW - Orbital welding KW - Modified spray arc KW - Longitudinal weld KW - Pipeline PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-8440-2319-0 SN - 1867-4887 N1 - Serientitel: Berichte des Lehrstuhls Füge- und Schweißtechnik der BTU Cottbus – Series title: Berichte des Lehrstuhls Füge- und Schweißtechnik der BTU Cottbus VL - 4 SP - 25 EP - 41 PB - Shaker Verlag GmbH AN - OPUS4-29594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Avilov, Vjaceslav A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - High power laser beam welding of austenitic stainless steel with electromagnetic weld pool support T2 - LTWMP '13 - 6th International conference "Laser technologies in welding and materials processing" CY - Katsively, Crimea, Ukraine DA - 2013-05-27 PY - 2013 SN - 978-966-96309-2-6 SP - 11 EP - 14 AN - OPUS4-29986 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Üstündag, Ö. A1 - Fritzsche, André A1 - Avilov, V. A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - High power laser beam welding of thick materials using EM melt pool control N2 - Electromagnetic weld pool support system is illustrated successfully for hybrid laser arc welding of 20 -30 mm ferromagnetic Steels Welding of thick-walled steels in flat position and reduced welding velocities is possible Gap and misalignment between welded plates can be tolerated by use of this Technology Opportunity to reduce the laser beam power because of reduced welding velocity respectively increase of weldable material thickness with a 20 kW- fibre laser Mechanical properties of welds are in correspondence with requirements of Standards. T2 - SLT 2018 10. Stuttgarter Lasertage CY - Suttgart, Germany DA - 05.06.2018 KW - Hydrostatic and arc pressure exceed the Laplace pressure PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-45229 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bachmann, Marcel A1 - Avilov, Vjaceslav A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - High-power laser welding of austenitic stainless steel with electromagnetic control of weld pool N2 - Laser deep-penetration welding became a widely applied tool in industrial applications due to available laser power of 20 kW and more for the single-pass welding of steel plates of up to 20 mm thikness. Above a critical limit, liquid metal tends to drop out of the bead due to hydrostatic pressure. Laser welding, in contrast to electron beam welding technique, allows for an electromagnetic manipulation of fluid flow in the weld pool. AC electromagnetic system for compensation of the hydrostatic pressure by induced Lorentz forces in the melt was experimentally and numerically investigated for single-pass full-penetration welding of up to 20 mm thikness austenitic stainless steel plates of grade AISI 304. It was shown that the application of 200-234 mT magnetic fields at oscillation frequency of around 2.6 kHZ lead to a full compensation of hydrostatic forces in the melt for plate 10-20 mm thick, respectively. Coupled fluid flow, thermal and electromagnetic finite element simulations were done with different applied magnetic flux densities and oscillation frequencies calculating for the optimal magnetic field strength to avoid melt sagging in the weld pool. The simulation results point to a lower magnetic field density needed for that purpose. The reason for that can lie in the magnetic properties of the material not being totally non-ferromagnetic. 17 Ref., 1 Table, 5 Figures. KW - Laser welding KW - High power KW - Austenitic stainless steels KW - Drop out of bead KW - Control magnetic field KW - Hydrostatic force compensation KW - Modeling of fluid flow KW - Calculation PY - 2014 SN - 0957-798X VL - 3 SP - 21 EP - 24 PB - E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Acad. of Sciences of Ukraine CY - Kyïv AN - OPUS4-30823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Quiroz Penaranda, Vanessa A1 - Gebhardt, Moritz Oliver A1 - Gumenyuk, Andrey A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Hot crack susceptibility of laser and laser-hybrid welded joints T2 - VI. International conference "Beam technologies & laser application" CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 2009-09-23 PY - 2009 SP - 127 EP - 136 CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia AN - OPUS4-20941 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -