TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Christoph T1 - Quality Improvement of Expansion Joint Systems by Performance Related Tests of System Behaviour PY - 2002 IS - 21 SP - 5 PB - BRE CY - Garston AN - OPUS4-2303 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eilers, M. A1 - Altkrüger, Sabine A1 - Recknagel, Christoph T1 - Hohlraumreiches Asphalttraggerüst mit nachträglichem Verguss als schnelles Abdichtungssystem auf Brücken KW - Innere Struktur KW - Asphalte KW - Hohlraumgehalt und -verteilung KW - Phasenanalyse KW - Strukturelle Artefakte PY - 2008 SN - 0039-2162 IS - 6 SP - 355 EP - 358 PB - Kirschbaum-Verl. CY - Bonn-Bad Godesberg AN - OPUS4-18288 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Meinel, Dietmar T1 - Möglichkeiten der Strukturkennzeichnung von Asphalten mittels 3D-Computertomographie N2 - Die Struktur eines Materials bestimmt wesentlich dessen Gebrauchsverhalten. Diese einfache Weisheit ist Motivation für die ständige Weiterentwicklung des Untersuchungsinstrumentariums zur Gefügekennzeichnung von Baustoffen. Nachdem die Gefügeaufklärung insbesondere bei mineralischen Baustoffen bereits integrierter Bestandteil der Baustoffcharakterisierung ist, erhöht insbesondere die zunehmende Spezialisierung und Weiterentwicklung der Asphaltbaustoffe zusammen mit der Forderung nach gebrauchsgerechtem Leistungsnachweis den Bedarf an methodischer Entwicklung bei der Strukturkennzeichnung. Besondere Möglichkeiten zur tiefenaufgelösten und zerstörungsfreien räumlichen Visualisierung des Gefüges, der Ableitung strukturbeschreibender Kennwerte aber auch für eine anschließende Diskretisierung der inneren Struktur mittels finiter Elemente bietet das Verfahren der Computertomographie mit Röntgenstrahlen. Mit Hilfe verschiedener Anwendungen soll auf die Möglichkeiten dieser Methodik aufmerksam gemacht werden. KW - Innere Struktur KW - Asphalte KW - Hohlraumgehalt und -verteilung KW - Phasenanalyse KW - Strukturelle Artefakte PY - 2008 SN - 0039-2162 VL - 2 SP - 65 EP - 74 PB - Kirschbaum-Verl. CY - Bonn-Bad Godesberg AN - OPUS4-16725 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan T1 - Joint sealing systems for pavements - A new approach towards a performance related evaluation of capability and durability N2 - Joint sealants influence decisively the performance and service life of pavements although they account for only a small fraction of the total investment. Motivated by the damages observed and the resulting, increasing maintenance efforts, the Federal German Government recognizes the need for performance-evaluated joint sealing systems with improved capability (fitness-for-purpose) and durability. A literature study showed that an identification of the actual mechanical system behavior under realistic loads as well as a prediction regarding the durability (fatigue, climatic effects) of joint sealing systems are either completely lacking in most of the relevant evaluation methods or have only been incompletely addressed previously. Furthermore an imbalance between commonly used test methodologies and the actual development status of modern modified sealing materials exists, i.e., the current test methods are not effective in evaluating the performance of tailor-made products. In this paper, the authors suggest a methodology to overcome the present situation. In contrast to the existing, predominantly empirical evaluation and selection of joint sealing materials and systems for pavements, the new approach is defined by verified performance under relevant and superimposed loads. This new approach is expected to allow a more engineered joint design. In addition to the adaptation of performance-oriented material identification tests, a special focus was placed on the development and installation of a complex test facility for the investigation of the service capability and durability of joint sealing systems in building constructions in general. This paper presents an attempt at the realization of this approach for pavement joints with the help of our new joint sealant test equipment utilizing a specific, adapted load function, which comprises cyclic movements (slow and fast acting), as well as crucial climatic exposures. The test data and its interpretation are discussed. For example, the actual mechanical behavior of the various joint sealing systems as well as the relevant maximum loading of cohesive and adhesive bonds can be deduced and used to differentiate between systems. Furthermore, information gained allows discrimination of products within the various joint sealing systems. The test results will also enable numerical simulations, e.g., of different joint designs or materials by finite element analysis. The fatigue behavior is detected by analysis of cycle-dependent changes of the mechanical system characteristics. The evaluation methodology further allows investigation of the degradation mechanisms of specific system failures and, thus, enables service life prediction by reproducing the performance of the complete system under realistic conditions. Constructional defects and material flaws can be activated and detected by the performance-related test methodology, thus identifying possible corrections to material selection and application procedures. The potential of the proposed evaluation methodology is discussed for several thermoplastic and reactive joint sealing systems. KW - Pavement joints KW - System evaluation KW - System test method KW - Superimposed loading KW - Performance KW - Mechanical characteristics KW - Capability evaluation KW - Durability evaluation KW - Cohesive failure KW - Adhesive failure PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI101961 SN - 1546-962X VL - 6 IS - 3 (Paper ID JAI101961) SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials CY - West Conshohocken, Pa. AN - OPUS4-19356 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Bahr, Horst A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Recknagel, Christoph T1 - Short communication: Fire risks of burning asphalt N2 - Eyewitnesses describe burning pavement surfaces in extreme fire scenarios. However, it was believed that the pavement plays a negligible role in comparison to other items feeding such an extreme fire at the same time. The asphalt mixtures used differ widely, thus raising the question as to whether this conclusion holds for all kinds of such materials. Three different kinds of asphalt mixtures were investigated with the aim of benchmarking the fire risks. Cone calorimeter tests are performed at an irradiance of 70kWm-2. All three investigated asphalts burn in extreme fire scenarios. The fire response (fire load, time to ignition, maximum heat release rate and smoke production) is quite different and varies by factors of up to 10 when compared to each other. The fire load per mass is always very low due to the high content of inert minerals, whereas the effective heat of combustion of the volatiles is quite typical of non-flame retarded organics. The heat release rate and fire growth indices are strongly dependent on the fire residue and thus the kind of mineral filler used. Comparing with polymeric materials, the investigated Mastic Asphalt and Stone Mastic Asphalt may be called intrinsically flame resistant, whereas the investigated Special Asphalt showed a pronouncedly greater fire risk with respect to causing fire growth and smoke. Thus the question is raised as to whether the use of certain kinds of asphalts in tunnels must be reconsidered. Apart from the binder used, the study also indicates varying the kind of aggregate as a possible route to eliminate the problem. KW - Asphalt KW - Cone calorimeter KW - Fire behaviour PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.1027 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 34 IS - 7 SP - 333 EP - 340 PB - Heyden CY - London AN - OPUS4-22172 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alte-Teigeler, R. A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Sondermann, E. T1 - Kommentare zu den Regelungen für Fugen in Verkehrsflächen - Teil 1 PY - 2005 SN - 0039-2162 VL - 56 IS - 9 SP - 488 EP - 500 PB - Kirschbaum-Verl. CY - Bonn-Bad Godesberg AN - OPUS4-11262 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alte-Teigeler, R. A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Sondermann, E. T1 - Kommentare zu den Regelungen für Fugen in Verkehrsflächen - Teil 2 PY - 2005 SN - 0039-2162 VL - 56 IS - 10 SP - 586 EP - 597 PB - Kirschbaum-Verl. CY - Bonn-Bad Godesberg AN - OPUS4-11263 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alte-Teigeler, R. A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Sondermann, E. T1 - Kommentare zu den Regelungen für Fugen in Verkehrsflächen - Teil 3 PY - 2005 SN - 0039-2162 VL - 56 IS - 11 SP - 646 EP - 657 PB - Kirschbaum-Verl. CY - Bonn-Bad Godesberg AN - OPUS4-11264 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Eilers, M. T1 - Flexible Konstruktionen für Fahrbahnübergänge KW - Fahrbahnübergänge KW - Straßen- und Tiefbau KW - BASt PY - 2014 SN - 0039-2197 VL - 68 IS - 8 SP - 24 EP - 31 PB - Giesel CY - Hannover AN - OPUS4-32413 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recknagel, Christoph T1 - Potential of dynamic-mechanical analysis toward a complementary material and system testing approach for structural glazing N2 - Dynamic-mechanical material analysis as a basis for a general performance exploration complemented by system testing under superimposed climatic and mechanical loading seems to be a promising interdependent test approach addressing the performance behavior of construction sealants under more realistic conditions. With this contribution an attempt is made to adapt dynamic-mechanical material analysis, which has been already successfully validated for different construction types of expansion joint systems in road and bridge engineering, to the field of construction sealants for building façades. Test results from dynamic-mechanical material analysis characterizing the temperature-dependent, deformation-dependent, and frequency-dependent behavior of structural sealant materials are presented and exemplarily discussed for three different sealant products. An attempt is made to address unknown material characteristics in the multi-dimensional loading matrix representing practical use conditions. Furthermore, the applicability of this test approach and its various complex test modes for the exploration of technological performance and especially estimation of fatigue behavior is verified in several examples. Based on this fundamental material exploration, it is planned to complement the dynamic-mechanical assessment methodology by means of system tests on a section of a structural glazing system subjected to a simplified but superimposed loading function. The technical fundamentals and the procedure proposed to develop an adequate system test mode are introduced. The motivation for these investigations is to identify the actual mechanical system behavior under load combinations and for specimens that both closer resemble reality. The objective is to achieve a consistent and interdependent test program complementary to the existing methodology. Finally, the study is meant to initiate further progress toward a performance-related methodology which considers the design, specification, material, and system selection. KW - Civil engineering and buidling materials PY - 2012 UR - http://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/JOURNALS/JAI/PAGES/JAI104124.htm DO - https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI104124 SN - 1546-962X VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 17(?) PB - American Society for Testing and Materials CY - West Conshohocken, Pa. AN - OPUS4-25887 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -