TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - (hard) x ray photoelectron spectroscopy as tool in nano-analytics N2 - Selected samples are used to show, that photoelectron spectroscopy is an important tool for measuring nano-objects, especially for determing the chemical composition and structure on the nanosacle. XPS with different energies offers new possibilities in depth-profiling. T2 - SFB 1073 Colloquium CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 22.02.2024 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Core-shell nanoparticle KW - Graphene related 2D materials PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59589 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lee, Jun-Seob A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Passivity of alloy 31 in green-death solution N2 - The passivation behavior of alloy 31 was investigated as a function of passivation potential in a green-death solution at 40 °C. The alloy 31 surface is in a stable passive state during cyclic potentiodynamic polarization. In potentiostatic polarization of alloy 31, passive current density increases with an increase in the passivation potential. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott–Schottky (M–S) analysis showed that a more defective n-type semiconductive passive film forms as the potential increases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that passive film consists of mainly chromium and minor iron and nickel oxides. The increase of the applied potential is considered to be a reason for the change in passive film stability. KW - Passive film KW - Steel KW - Alloy 31 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201709996 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 69 IS - 9 SP - 1218 EP - 1226 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-45938 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lee, Jun-Seob A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Electrochemical behavior of UNS N08031 in Green-Death-solution N2 - The electrochemical behavior of UNS(1) N08031 was investigated as a function of electrode potential in Green-Death(2) solution at 40 °C. The UNS N08031 surface is in a stable passive state during cyclic potentiodynamic polarization without an initiation and/or propagation of localized corrosion. In potentiostatic polarization of UNS N08031 for 3600 s, passive current density increases with an increase in the passivation potential from 0.7 to 1.0 VSSE (silver/silver chloride reference electrode in saturated potassium chloride) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky (M-S) analysis showed that a more defective n-type semiconductive passive film forms as the potential increases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that passive film consists of mainly chromium and minor iron and nickel oxides. The mechanism of the defective passive film formation is discussed. The increase of the applied potential is considered to be a reason for the change in passive film stability. T2 - NACE International Annual Corrosion Conference CY - Phoenix, AZ, USA DA - 15.04.2018 KW - Steel KW - Passive film KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2018 SP - 10631, 1 EP - 9 PB - Omnipress CY - Houston AN - OPUS4-44915 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chemello, Giovanni A1 - Knigge, Xenia A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri A1 - Reed, B.P. A1 - Pollard, A.J. A1 - Clifford, C.A. A1 - Howe, T. A1 - Vyas, N. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Influence of the Morphology on the Functionalization of Graphene Nanoplatelets Analyzed by Comparative Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Soft and Hard X-Rays N2 - Since its isolation, graphene has received growing attention from academia and industry due to its unique properties. However, the “what is my material” barrier hinders further commercialization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is considered as a method of choice for the determination of the elemental and chemical composition. In this work the influence of the morphology of graphene particles on the XPS results is studied and investigated as a function of X-ray energy, using conventional XPS with Al K𝜶 radiation and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) using Cr K𝜶 radiation. Thereby, the information depth is varied between 10 and 30 nm. For this purpose, two commercial powders containing graphene nanoplatelets with lateral dimensions of either ≈100 nm or in the micrometer range are compared. These larger ones exist as stack of graphene layers which is inspected with scanning electron microscopy. Both kinds of particles are then functionalized with either oxygen or fluorine. The size of the graphene particles is found to influence the degree of functionalization. Only the combination of XPS and HAXPES allows to detect the functionalization at the outermost surface of the particles or even of the stacks and to provide new insights into the functionalization process. KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578860 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202300116 SN - 2196-7350 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley VCH AN - OPUS4-57886 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Xps/Haxpes at (core shell) nanoparticles N2 - The principles of (Hard) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and some application in the field of (core-shell) nanoparticles will be presented. The presentation should answer hoe to get reliable results. Furthermore, examples of the correlation between physical-chemical measurments and toxicological results are given which are crucial for the risk assessment of nanoparticles. T2 - Training Course Metrological Determination of Micro and Nano Contaminants in Food CY - Berne, Switzerland DA - 05.09.2023 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Core-shell nanoparticles KW - Reliabiilty KW - Risk assessment PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59496 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Energy-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements on the concentration profile of thin blended poly(vinyl methyl ether)/polystyrene films N2 - The composition of thin films of polymer blends in vertical direction is still under discussion. For explaining the thickness dependence of some properties like the thermal glass transition temperature, a three-layer model has been introduced consisting of an adsorbed layer with a reduced segmental mobility at the substrate, a bulk-like layer in the middle of the film and an outermost surface layer with a higher molecular mobility. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ER-XPS) measurements with a varying excitation energy from 400 eV to 1486.6 eV and, herewith, an information depth from 1.5 nm to 10 nm were performed at PVME/PS films with compositions of 25/75 wt% and 50/50 wt% and thicknesses between 15 nm and 190 nm. As expected, it was found that the PVME concentration decreases with increasing information depth. Secondly, a complex correlation between the PVME concentration at the surface and the film thickness was found. The PVME concentration increases with decreasing film thickness until a maximum at 30 nm. For thinner films, the PVME concentration decreases. These data agree with previous investigations obtained with specific heat spectroscopy. We thank BESSY II (HZB) for the allocation of beamtime at the HE-SGM beamline and for technical support. DFG (Project number 124846229) is acknowledged for financial support. T2 - German Conference for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons and Ion Beams at Large Facilities (SNI2022) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 05.09.2022 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Miscible polymer films KW - Depth profiling PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Kersting, R. A1 - Hagenhoff, B. A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Ciornii, Dmitri A1 - Nymark, P. A1 - Grafström, R. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - Reliable Surface Analysis Data of Nanomaterials in Support of Risk Assessment Based on Minimum Information Requirements N2 - The minimum information requirements needed to guarantee high-quality surface Analysis data of nanomaterials are described with the aim to provide reliable and traceable Information about size, shape, elemental composition and surface chemistry for risk assessment approaches. The widespread surface analysis methods electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were considered. The complete analysis sequence from sample preparation, over measurements, to data analysis and data format for reporting and archiving is outlined. All selected methods are used in surface analysis since many years so that many aspects of the analysis (including (meta)data formats) are already standardized. As a practical analysis use case, two coated TiO2 reference nanoparticulate samples, which are available on the Joint Research Centre (JRC) repository, were selected. The added value of the complementary analysis is highlighted based on the minimum information requirements, which are well-defined for the analysis methods selected. The present paper is supposed to serve primarily as a source of understanding of the high standardization level already available for the high-quality data in surface analysis of nanomaterials as reliable input for the nanosafety community. KW - Electron microscopy KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Secondary ion mass spectrometry KW - Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy KW - Standardization PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-522683 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030639 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 639 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-52268 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Chemello, Giovanni A1 - Knigge, Xenia A1 - Al-Sabbgh, Dominik A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan T1 - XPS, HAXPES, XRD and SEM datasets of functionalized graphene nanoplateletes N2 - The datasets from (Hard Energy) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microsopy are related to the publication G. Chemello, X. Knigge, D. Ciornii, B.P. Reed, A.J. Pollard, C.A. Clifford, T. Howe, N. Vyas, V.-D. Hodoroaba, J. Radnik "Influence of the morphology on the functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets analyzed by comparative photoelectron spectroscopy with soft and hard X-rays" Advanced Materials Interfaces (2023), DOI: 10.1002/admi.202300116. KW - Graphene related 2D materials KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Powder X-ray diffraction PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7956497 PB - Zenodo CY - Geneva AN - OPUS4-57898 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - An interlaboratory comparison on measuring the chemical composition of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets N2 - The results of the international interlaboratory comparison ""Chemical Composition of functionalized graphene with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under the auspice of VAMAS TWA 2 (Surface Chemical Analysis) will be presented. T2 - Kratos German User Meeting 2023 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.10.2023 KW - Graphene KW - Interlaboratory Comparison KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-58683 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Radnik, Jörg ED - Wandelt, K. T1 - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for investigation of heterogeneous catalytic process N2 - Heterogeneous catalysis is a key technology in modern industrial societies. The main steps of a catalytic process take place at the surfaces of complex materials. For the investigations of these surfaces X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is widely used and fits ideally. At some suitable examples, it will be explained how XPS can help to understand such catalysts better. The focus is on selective oxidation catalysts, one of the main challenges of present research. Here it will illustrate, how changes in the near surface region influence the catalyst performance and, herewith the different stages (activation, maximum performance and deactivation) in the life of catalysts. Additionally, it will be stressed out how important information at different depth regions (surface, near-surface region, bulk) can be useful for comprehensive understanding of the material. Another important subject is nanostructured catalysts with molecular sieves as supports or defined complexes as precursors. Finally, the combination of XPS with other methods used in the analysis of catalysts, e.g. electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and low energy ion scattering will be discussed. KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Depth information KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - Structure-properties relationships PY - 2018 SN - 978-0-12-809739-7 VL - 1 SP - 607 EP - 614 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-44876 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Reliable Chemical Characterization Protocols for Industrial Graphene-Related Materials N2 - Since its isolation, graphene has received growing attention from academia and industry due to its unique properties. Promising opportunities for applications are discussed in different field like electronics and optoelectronics, detection, and sensing devices, biosystems or chemical and environmental corrosion inhibition. Here, functionalization with elements like oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine can broaden the application, for example in composite materials. However, lack of generally accepted operation procedures hinders the commercialization, the so-called “what is my material” barrier. Therefore, first efforts were done to develop common, reliable, and reproducible ways to characterize the morphological and chemical properties of the industrially produced material. In this contribution, our efforts in the development of reliable chemical characterizations protocols for functionalized graphene are presented. An ISO standard for the chemical characterization of graphene-related (GRM) is under development with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) having a prominent role. With its information depth of around 10 nm, which is the similar length scale as the thickness of particles of 2D materials consisting of a few monolayers, XPS seems to be highly suitable for the quantitative analysis of (functionalized) GRM. Thereby, different sample preparation methods like pressing the powders onto adhesive tapes, into recesses, or into solid pellets result in inconsistencies in the quantification. Furthermore, different morphologies like stacks of graphene layers (left figure) or irregular particles (right figure) lead to different analysis results for the chemical composition. For the validation of the quantification with XPS and the further development of standards an international interlaboratory comparison was initiated under the head of the “Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards” (VAMAS). First results are reported showing the suitability of the protocols. Finally, the XPS results are compared with the elemental composition results obtained after quantification with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) as a fast analytical method which is usually combined with electron microscopy. T2 - nanoSAFE 2023 CY - Grenoble, France DA - 05.06.2023 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - VAMAS PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57652 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - VAMAS Project A33: Chemical composition of functionalized graphene with X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) N2 - The results of the interlaboratory comparison about the chemical composition of functionalized graphene are presented. T2 - DIN Meeting NA 062-08-16 AA CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.05.2023 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - VAMAS PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57650 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Interlaboratory comparisons for validated measurements of the surface chemistry of nanomaterials N2 - Interlaboratory comparisons are essential tools for validating new protocols or methods. The properties of advanced materials are largely determined by surface chemistry. Using a VAMAS interlaboratory comparison on the surface functionalization of GR2DM, it is explained what insights can be gained from such a comparison.” T2 - Nanomesure France Journee technique CY - Paris, France DA - 04.11.2025 KW - VAMAS KW - Functionalized graphene KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65002 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voss, Heike A1 - Knigge, Xenia A1 - Knapic, D. A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Sacco, A. A1 - Rossi, A. M. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Müller, Kai A1 - Wasmuth, Karsten A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Hassel, A. W. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Picosecond laser processing of hierarchical micro–nanostructures on titanium alloy upon pre- and postanodization: morphological, structural, and chemical effects N2 - Recent publications indicate that the order of electrochemical anodization (before or after the laser processing step) plays an important role for the response of bone-forming osteoblasts—an effect that can be utilized for improving permanent dental or removable bone implants. For exploring these different surface functionalities, multimethod morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations are performed in combination with electrochemical pre- and postanodization for two different characteristic microspikes covered by nanometric laser-induced periodic surface structures on Ti–6Al–4V upon irradiation with near-infrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration, 67 and 80 kHz pulse repetition frequency) at two distinct sets of laser fluence and beam scanning parameters. This work involves morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy, structural material examinations via X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, as well as near-surface chemical analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results allow to qualify the mean laser ablation depth, assess the spike geometry and surface roughness parameters, and provide new detailed insights into the near-surface oxidation that may affect the different cell growth behavior for pre- or postanodized medical implants. T2 - 2023 E-MRS Spring Meeting, Symposium L "Making light matter: lasers in material sciences and photonics" CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 29.05.2023 KW - Hierarchical micro-nanostructures KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Ultrashort laser pulses KW - Ti-6Al-4V alloy KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601962 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202300920 SN - 1862-6319 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-60196 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Characterization of functionalized graphene particles with comparative XPS/HAXPES investigations N2 - The different chmemistry of graphitic nanoplatelets between the outermost surface and the bulk of the samples was investigated with comparative XPS/HAXPES measurements. T2 - PHI User Meeting CY - Grenoble, France DA - 18.04.2023 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - graphene related 2D materials PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Redox properties of Cu ions in molecular sieves N2 - Molecular sieves as materials with defined pores offer new opportunities in the preparation of nanostructured materials for different applications in chemistry, medicine and biology. Typical examples for such materials are zeolites, porous glass, different silicas and active carbon. Introducing transition metal ions in such materials can widen the possibilities of these materials in terms of chemical activity. Especially, the opportunity to tailor the redox properties of the transition metal ions by varying the location of the ion in the sieves is a promising way to obtain catalysts with the desired properties. For this purpose, Cu2+ ions were introduced into a SAPO-5 (silicoaluminaphosphate) by a hydrothermal method and by impregnation. As expected, the different preparation methods led to different locations of the Cu2+ ions: by the hydrothermal method the ions were incorporated in the SAPO-5 framework, by impregnation mononuclear Cu species randomly distributed in the pores of the support or CuO particles were formed depending on the Cu amount. These locations could be determined by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering investigations. For investigating the redox properties of the Cu2+ ions the differently prepared sample were treated in Ar and H2 atmosphere until 550°C. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was performed to study the valence states of Cu after each of such treatment. For a definite determination of the valence states, both Cu 2p and Cu LMM spectra must be recorded. Cu2+ exhibits a clear chemical shift and a typical satellite structure in Cu2p spectra, but between mono- and zerovalent Cu a differentiation is not possible. On the other hand, these two species show a clear shift in the Auger spectra. Whereas in H2 atmosphere in any case metallic Cu was formed, the treatment in Ar showed significant differences between the samples. Cu2+ incorporated in the framework could not be reduced by this treatment. In contrast, the mononuclear Cu2+ species were reduced to stable Cu+. Likewise, the CuO nanoparticles were reduced to the monovalent Cu, but this species can be much more easily reoxidized in air. The consequences for the catalytic properties will be discussed. T2 - ECASIA 2017 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 24.09.2017 KW - Catalysis KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Nanostructured materials PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42323 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - How to perform reliable xps-measurements? N2 - Reliable measurements are a great challenge in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It will be shown, how to check the performance and calibration of the instrument, the charge compensation, quantification, fitting, and depth profiling. T2 - Course for PhD students at SFB 1073 CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 23.02.2024 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Reproducibility crisis KW - Reliability PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-59590 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - XPS of GR2M N2 - The activities of ISO-G-Scope are presented. The influence of the sample preparation and the results of XPS/HAXPES measurements are discussed. T2 - Graphene Workshop @ ISO TC 229 Meeting CY - Teddington, UK DA - 16.11.2022 KW - Graphene related materials KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Sample preparation KW - Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-56434 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - How to measure the chemical composition of industrial graphene - New insights from an interlaboratory comparison N2 - International standards describing reliable protocols will facilitate the commercialization of graphene and related 2D materials. One physico-chemical key property next to flake size and thickness is the chemical composition of the material. Therefore, an ISO standard is under development with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy having a prominent role. With its information depth of around 10 nm which is the similar length scale as the thickness as of particles of 2D materials consisting of a few monolayer XPS seems to be highly suitable for this purpose. Different sample preparation methods like pressing the powders onto adhesive tapes, into recesses, or into solid pellets result in inconsistencies in the quantification. For the validation of the quantification with XPS an interlaboratory comparison was initiated under the auspice of the “Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards” (VAMAS). First results confirm that the sample preparation method (pellet vs. powder) influences the quantification results clearly. T2 - Characterization of Nanomaterials Colloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 04.07.2023 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Interlaboratory comparison PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57897 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Radnik, Jörg T1 - Reliable chemical characterization of industrial graphene related materials N2 - International standards describing reliable protocols will facilitate the commercialization of graphene and related 2D materials. One physico-chemical key property next to flake size and thickness is the chemical composition of the material. Therefore, an ISO standard is under development with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy having a prominent role. With its information depth of around 10 nm which is the similar length scale as the thickness as of particles of 2D materials consisting of a few monolayer XPS seems to be highly suitable for this purpose. Different sample preparation methods like pressing the powders onto adhesive tapes, into recesses, or into solid pellets result in inconsistencies in the quantification. For the validation of the quantification with XPS an interlaboratory comparison was initiated under the auspice of the “Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards” (VAMAS). First results confirm that the sample preparation method (pellet vs. powder) influences the quantification results clearly. Considering this effect, a good agreement of the results from the different participants were observed. Similar results were observed for raw, N- and F-functionalized graphene. T2 - Graphene CY - Manchester, England, UK DA - 27.06.2023 KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Functionalized graphene KW - Interlaboratory comparison KW - VAMAS PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-57895 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -