TY - JOUR A1 - Wunderli, S. A1 - Fortunato, G. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang T1 - Meterology of determination for a new cadmium atomic weight and metrological application to cadmium in rice using MC-ICP-MS KW - Atomic weight KW - Isotope KW - MC-ICP-MS KW - Cadmium KW - Determination of metrology of new cadmium atomic weight KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Review KW - Multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry PY - 2003 SN - 1004-2997 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 467 EP - 470 CY - Beijing AN - OPUS4-31076 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen sources of oligoporus placenta and trametes versicolor evaluated in a 2³ experimental plan N2 - Four full-factorial 2³ experimental plans were applied to evaluate the nitrogen (N) sources of Oligoporus placenta and Trametes versicolor and their interaction with the atmospheric N2-assimilating bacterium Beijerinckia acida. The effects of N from peptone, of sapwood and of N from gaseous N2 on fungal, bacterial and fungal–bacterial activity were investigated. The activities were determined by quantification of biomass, formation of CO2, consumption of O2 and laccase activity. The significance of each effect was tested according to t-test recommendation. The activity of both fungi was enhanced by peptone rather than sapwood or gaseous N2. Nevertheless, comparative studies under an N2-free gas mixture as well as under air revealed that the presence of N2 affected bacterial growth and bacterial–fungal cocultivations. Elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of the bacterial and fungal biomass enabled estimation of N transfer and underlined gaseous N2 as requisite for fungal–bacterial interactions. Combining full-factorial experimental plans with an analytical set-up comprising gas chromatography, IRMS and enzymatic activity allowed synergistic effects to be revealed, fungal N sources to be traced, and symbiotic fungal–bacterial interactions to be investigated. KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Diazotroph KW - Full-factorial experimental plan KW - Fungal–bacterial interaction KW - Nitrogen KW - Wood decomposition PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.002 SN - 1878-6146 SN - 1878-6162 VL - 116 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 89 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-25211 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen metabolism of wood decomposing basidiomycetes and their interaction with diazotrophs as revealed by IRMS N2 - Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is an advanced method to investigate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in organic samples. In particular, the N content, its isotope signature and the C/N ratio reveal important facts of nutrient cycling, niche separation and ecological food webs. In this study, the characteristics of N turnover of wood decomposing microorganisms were investigated. The growth of the white rot causing basidiomycete Trametes versicolor is enhanced after addition of ammonia or urea, whereas the brown rot causing Oligoporus placenta is not accelerated. In addition, an interaction of each fungus with atmospheric N2 assimilating (diazotrophic) bacteria was investigated. Cultivation experiments with a gas mixture of 15N2/O2 and subsequent IRMS analysis of dry biomass of the diazotrophs Azotobacter croococcum, Beijerinckia acida and Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens revealed that they assimilated up to 12% of their N from N2. The experiments reflected N availability as a prerequisite for efficient growth of decomposing basidiomycetes and diazotrophs. Fungal–bacterial co-cultivation experiments showed that depending on the growth characteristics and bacterial N2 assimilation activity N is transferred from certain bacteria into fungal biomass. Thus, the experiments gave a first indication of an interaction between wood decomposing basidiomycetes and diazotrophs, which is a novel pathway of fungal N acquisition. KW - IRMS KW - Isotope labeling KW - Microbial interaction KW - N2 assimilation KW - Nitrogen KW - Wood decomposing basidiomycetes PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2010.12.011 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 307 IS - 1-3 SP - 225 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-23307 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weißhaupt, Petra A1 - Naumann, Annette A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Nitrogen uptake of hypholoma fasciculare and coexisting bacteria N2 - The white-rot fungus Hypholoma fasciculare coexists with a bacterial community that uses low-molecular weight carbon sources provided by fungal, extracellular enzyme activities. Since fungal development on wood is limited by the availability of nitrogen (N), bacteria could contribute to the N supply. To prove or disapprove an interaction in terms of N transfer, N sources of the fungus and the coexisting bacterial isolates were investigated, and the bacterial N2 fixation was quantified. Fungal, fungal—bacterial and bacterial wood decomposition was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass loss and surface pH. Microbial N preferences were investigated by elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In addition, diazotrophic activity was explored after cultivation under a 15N2/O2 atmosphere. Decomposition was similar with and without bacteria and both H. fasciculare and coexisting bacteria preferred reduced N species, such as urea, ammonium and organic N. In most of the bacteria, the 15N abundance in the biomass increased significantly but to a low extent if they were cultivated under a 15N2/O2 atmosphere. This effect is considered an artefact and attributed to adsorption rather than to bacterial N2 fixation activity. Hence, the bacteria coexisting with H. fasciculare rather competed for the same N sources than supported fungal N supply by diazotrophic activity. KW - Hypholoma fasciculare KW - Proteobacteria KW - Fungal-bacterial interaction KW - 15N2 fixation KW - FTIR-ATR spectroscopy KW - IRMS PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0834-x SN - 1617-416X SN - 1861-8952 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 283 EP - 290 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-28867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Rosner, Martin A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang T1 - The need for new isotope reference materials N2 - Isotope reference materials are needed to calibrate and validate analytical procedures used for the determination of isotope amount ratios, procedurally defined isotope ratios or so-called δ values. In contrast to the huge analytical progress in isotope ratio analytics, the production of isotope reference materials has not kept pace with the increasing needs of isotope analysts. Three representative isotope systems are used to explain the technical and non-technical difficulties and drawbacks, on one hand, and to demonstrate what can be achieved at its best, on the other hand. A clear statement is given that new isotope reference materials are needed to obtain traceable and thus comparable data, which is essential for all kinds of isotope research. The range of available isotope reference materials and δ reference materials should be increased and matrix reference materials certified for isotope compositions or δ values, which do not exist yet, should be provided. KW - Isotope reference materials KW - Delta reference materials KW - Synthetic isotope mixtures KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Comparability KW - Traceability KW - Measurement uncertainty PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6605-3 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 405 IS - 9 SP - 2763 EP - 2770 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-28169 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Rosner, Martin A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang T1 - Development and validation of a single collector SF-ICPMS procedure for the determination of boron isotope ratios in water and food samples N2 - Boron isotope studies on technical materials and geological and environmental samples are one hot topic in nowadays isotope research. Provenance studies of artefacts, food and other products might become another one, as several recent studies demonstrate. Typically boron isotope determinations have been carried out by TIMS. To open up this research field to a broader scientific community we developed two analytical procedures for boron isotope determinations based on single collector SF-ICPMS combined with a sample preparation procedure consisting of dry-ashing and a three step ion chromatographic boron-matrix separation. The developed procedures consist of one low resolution (LR) and one medium resolution (MR) procedure. The repeatability for the δ11B determination in three independently measured aliquots lies between 0.2 and 0.8‰ for the LR procedure and between 0.3 and 1.5‰ for the MR procedure. The expanded uncertainties with a coverage factor of k=2 range between 1.4 and 1.6‰ for the LR procedure and between 2.9 and 3.2‰ for the MR procedure. The accuracy, expressed as average deviation from the reference values, is 0.43‰ for the LR procedure and 0.33‰ for the MR procedure. To test the practicability of the procedures the matrix tolerance has been investigated as well and was found to be up to 2 mg kg-1 of alkaline and alkaline earth elements in the final measurement solution containing 100 µg kg-1 boron. Thus a highly efficient matrix separation for SF-ICPMS boron isotope determinations is required, similar to TIMS. PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ja00220h SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 861 EP - 869 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-23419 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Klingbeil, Patrick T1 - The need for new SI-traceable magnesium isotopic reference materials KW - Isotopic Reference Material KW - Multi-collector ICP-MS KW - Isotopic abundance variations KW - Primary Isotopic Reference Material KW - Magnesium PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2859-8 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 380 SP - 876 EP - 879 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-6904 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang T1 - Isotope reference materials for present and future isotope research N2 - Isotope reference materials are essential to enable reliable and comparable isotope data. This article reviews the work in this field within the past years. The focus is on all stable elements, except for classical stable isotopes (H, C, N, O, S) and for radioactive elements. Currently available isotope reference materials are listed. The limitations of synthetic isotope mixtures being used to characterize these materials are discussed, as well as the limitations of the isotope reference materials, such as uncertainty and homogeneity. The needs for present research on isotope variations are being considered and are compared to the limitations of current isotope reference materials. This disagreement between both can only be solved by providing isotope reference materials defining a δ-scale for each element of interest. Such materials should be provided with additional data on isotope abundances whenever possible. As an outlook a possible outline for a new program on isotope reference materials is discussed. KW - IRM KW - Isotope reference materials KW - Delta-RM KW - ICPMS KW - TIMS KW - Synthetic mixtures PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c000509f SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 25 SP - 923 EP - 932 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-21841 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang ED - Vanhaecke, F. ED - Degryse, P. T1 - Reference materials in isotopic analysis KW - ICPMS KW - IRM KW - Reference materials KW - Delta reference materials PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-527-32896-3 IS - Chapter 6 SP - 139 EP - 163 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-26102 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang T1 - Isotope dilution mass spectrometry - a primary method of measurement and its role for RM certification KW - IDMS KW - Reference materials KW - Metrology KW - ICPMS KW - TIMS PY - 2010 SN - 0970-3950 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 135 EP - 164 PB - Metrology Society of India CY - New Delhi AN - OPUS4-22603 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang T1 - Isotope reference materials for present and future isotope research N2 - The variation of isotope abundance ratios is increasingly used to unravell natural and technical questions. In the past the investigation and interpretation of such variations was the field of a limited number of experts. With new upcoming techniques and research topics in the last decades, such as provenance and authenticity of food, the number of published isotope data strongly increased. The development of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICPMS) from an instrument for simple quantitative analysis to highly sophisticated isotope abundance ratio machines influenced this process significantly. While in former times only experts in mass spectrometry were able to produce reproducible isotope data, nowadays many laboratories, never been in touch with mass spectrometry before, produce isotope data with an ICPMS. Especially for such user isotope reference materials (IRM) are indispensible to enable a reliable method validation. The fast development and the broad availability of ICPMS also lead to an expansion of the classical research areas and new elements are under investigation. Here all users require IRM to correct for mass fractionation or mass discrimination or at least to enable isotope data related to a common accepted basis. Despite this growing interest suitable IRM are still lacking for a number of isotope systems such as magnesium. PY - 2011 SN - 1471-8022 VL - 75 IS - 3 SP - 2098 PB - Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland CY - London AN - OPUS4-32683 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Paz, B. A1 - Koenig, Maren A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang T1 - A modified lead-matrix separation procedure shown for lead isotope analysis in Trojan silver artefacts as an example N2 - A modified Pb–matrix separation procedure using NH4HCO3 solution as eluent has been developed and validated for determination of Pb isotope amount ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The procedure is based on chromatographic separation using the Pb·Spec resin and an in-house-prepared NH4HCO3 solution serving as eluent. The advantages of this eluent are low Pb blanks (<40 pgmL-1) and the property that NH4HCO3 can be easily removed by use of a heating step (>60 °C). Pb recovery is >95 % for water samples. For archaeological silver samples, however, the Pb recovery is reduced to approximately 50 %, but causes no bias in the determination of Pb isotope amount ratios. The validated procedure was used to determine lead isotope amount ratios in Trojan silver artefacts with expanded uncertainties (k=2) <0.09 %. KW - Analyte-matrix separation KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Pb isotope ratio thermal ionization mass spectrometry KW - Archaeometry PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6323-x SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 405 IS - 9 SP - 2995 EP - 3000 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-28170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Koenig, Maren A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Riebe, Gundel T1 - Development of reference procedures for the quantification of toxic metals and S in plastics N2 - The quantitative analysis of toxic metals in plastics is very important for different sectors of industry and daily life. Many routine procedures have been established based on X-ray fluorescence or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. However, all of them require suitable reference materials to calibrate or validate. These reference materials ideally are being certified by reference procedures. The development of such reference procedures for sulfur and the four toxic elements cadmium, chromium, mercury and lead in plastics is described here. The procedures are based on double isotope dilution mass spectrometry including analyte–matrix separation. The applied mass spectrometric techniques are thermal ionization mass spectrometry as well as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Memory effects of mercury and dissolution of chromium(III) oxide have been considered especially. The expanded uncertainties have been improved from the percent range down to the per mill range during the development of the procedure from the early analysis of BCR-680/681 to the recent analysis of CCQM-P106. With the fully developed procedures expanded uncertainties (k = 2) between 0.1 and 0.4% for cadmium, chromium, lead and sulfur and around 1% for mercury can be achieved. The so developed procedures have been successfully applied to the certification of reference materials as well as to intercomparisons organized by CCQM. KW - ICPMS KW - TIMS KW - Reference materials KW - IDMS PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ja00034e SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 25 IS - 10 SP - 1633 EP - 1642 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-22044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Klingbeil, Patrick A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Riebe, Gundel T1 - High accuracy measurements of Fe isotopes using hexapole collision cell MC-ICP-MS and isotope dilution for certification of reference materials N2 - An ICP-MS equipped with collision cell, sector field and multi-collector technology has been applied to developing analytical procedures for Fe in terms of isotope ratio measurements and isotope dilution analysis. Therefore a detailed study on the reduction of molecular interferences by a variety of collision gases (He, Ar, Kr, H2, D2 and N2) was performed. The efficiency of the reduction has been checked by high resolution mass scans. The argon based interferences disturbing the determination of 54Fe and 56Fe could be completely removed when using Faraday detectors. The interferences on mass 57 could be reduced to a level which enables accurate measurements. Also, the 40Ar12C interference, which disturbs the chromium correction, could be completely removed. Reproducibilities of 0.01% could be reached for 54Fe/56Fe isotope ratios and 0.02% for 57Fe/56Fe isotope ratios. Under these measurement conditions a sensitivity of 1.2 V per 50 µg kg–1 Fe is available. This corresponds to 1.5 × 109 cps per mg kg–1. Based on these results highly accurate procedures for Fe isotope ratio determinations were set up, reaching a performance level superior to that of other ICP-MS instruments. Consequently, IDMS procedures were developed on this basis in order to perform certification measurements at the highest metrological level. The first application was the contribution to the Fe reference value by IMEP-12, an interlaboratory comparison with approximately 350 participants worldwide. The analysed Fe mass content is 0.2150 mg kg–1 with its expanded uncertainty (k= 2) of 0.0012 mg kg–1(0.56%), which is ten times less than the uncertainty of the second certification laboratory. Another application was the certification campaign of the two reference materials Tea Leaves and Polish Herbs. The results obtained with the ICP-MS procedure, 542 ± 11 mg kg–1 and 543 ± 12 mg kg–1, were compared with the results analysed by TIMS, 541 ± 12 mg kg–1 and 541 ± 13 mg kg–1, and agree very well within the stated uncertainties (k= 2). The results presented demonstrate quite well the suitability of the developed IDMS procedures for certification or reference measurements. PY - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/b301812a SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 18 SP - 1125 EP - 1132 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-2739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmalenberger, A. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Ojeda, J.J. A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Characterization of main sulfur source of wood-degrading basidiomycetes by S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) N2 - The main wood degraders in aerobic terrestrial ecosystems belong to the white- and brown-rot fungi, where their biomass can be created on wood decay only. However, total sulfur (S) concentration in wood is very low and only little is known about the different sulfur compounds in wood today. Sulfur-starved brown-rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Oligoporus placenta were incubated on sterilized pine wood blocks whereas Lentinus cyathiformis and the white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor were incubated on sterilized beech wood blocks. After 19 weeks of incubation, the S oxidation status was analyzed in wood, in degraded wood, and in biomass of wood-degrading fungi by synchrotron based S K-edge XANES, and total S and sulfate were quantified. Total sulfur and sulfate content in pine wood blocks were approximately 50 and 1 µg g-1, respectively, while in beech wood approximately 100 and 20 µg g-1 were found, respectively. Sulfur in beech was dominated by sulfate-esters. In contrast, pine wood also contained larger amounts of reduced S. Three out of four selected fungi caused a reduction of the S oxidation state in wood from oxidized S (sulfate-ester, sulfate) to intermediate S (sulfonate, sulfoxide) or reduced S (thiols, e.g., proteins, peptides, enzyme cofactors). Only O. placenta shifted thiol to sulfonate. Growth experiments of these fungi on selective minimal media showed that in particular cysteine (thiol), sulfonates, and sulfate enhanced total mycelium growth. Consequently, wood-degrading fungi were able to utilize a large variety of different wood S sources for growth but preferentially transformed in vivo sulfate-esters and thiol into biomass structures. KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Fungi KW - S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) KW - Sulfur oxidation status KW - Sulfate-esters PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.08.013 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 65 IS - 8 SP - 1215 EP - 1223 PB - Elsevier CY - Barking AN - OPUS4-27546 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosner, Martin A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Voerkelius, S. T1 - Development and validation of a method to determine the boron isotopic composition of crop plants N2 - We present a comprehensive chemical and mass spectrometric method to determine boron isotopic compositions of plant tissue. The method including dry ashing, a three-step ion chromatographic boron–matrix separation, and 11B/10B isotope ratio determinations using the Cs2BO2+ graphite technique has been validated using certified reference and quality control materials. The developed method is capable to determine δ11B values in plant tissue down to boron concentrations of 1 mg/kg with an expanded uncertainty of ≤1.7‰ (k = 2). The determined δ11B values reveal an enormous isotopic range of boron in plant tissues covering three-quarters of the natural terrestrial occurring variation in the boron isotopic composition. As the local environment and anthropogenic activity mainly control the boron intake of plants, the boron isotopic composition of plants can be used for food provenance studies. KW - Boron isotope variations KW - Delta-scale KW - Stable isotopes KW - Isotope reference materials KW - Provenance KW - Authenticity PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102836h SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 83 IS - 7 SP - 2562 EP - 2568 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-23495 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosner, Martin A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Voerkelius, S. T1 - Boron isotope compositions of crop plants: A new tracer for the origin and authenticity of food T2 - TRACE 5th Annual Meeting and Conference CY - Freising, Germany DA - 2009-04-01 KW - Boron isotopes in food KW - Provenance studies KW - Reference materials KW - Analytical uncertainty PY - 2009 IS - Session A / Part I SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-20293 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rosner, Martin A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Boron isotope compositions of food: A potential tool for food authentication T2 - Jahrestagung Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft 2008 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2008-09-14 KW - Boron isotopes KW - Food KW - Provenance studies PY - 2008 SP - 1 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-20785 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Riebe, Gundel A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Combination of sophisticated sample digestion methods and highly accurate determination procedures shown for Sulphur in oil and Cadmium and Lead in sediment T2 - Internationale Konferenz "Trends in Sample Preparation 2002" CY - Seggau, Austria DA - 2002-06-30 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1398 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Wunderli, S. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Fortunato, G. T1 - The isotope abundances and the atomic weight of cadmium by a metrological approach N2 - Gravimetric synthetic mixtures of seven enriched, purified cadmium isotope materials were used to determine the correction factors for mass fractionation (MC-TIMS) and mass discrimination (MC-ICP-MS). The isotope abundance ratios determined for various natural cadmium materials represents the isotope composition for natural cadmium materials. Correction of the isotope abundance ratios observed yielded isotope abundances of 106Cd 0.012450(8), 108Cd 0.008884(4), 110Cd 0.124846(16), 111Cd 0.127955(14), 112Cd 0.241110(38), 113Cd 0.122254(22), 114Cd 0.287439(60) and 116Cd 0.075183(32). The newly determined atomic weight of natural cadmium based on SI-traceable evaluation of the isotope abundance ratios is 112.41384(18). The cadmium material designated in the paper as Cd-2211 can be used as an isotope reference material with a δ(114Cd/110Cd)-value of 0‰. The results obtained show that the uncertainties for the isotope abundances and the atomic weight given as IUPAC values for cadmium are overestimated. KW - Atomic weight KW - Isotope abundance KW - Isotopic composition KW - Cadmium PY - 2007 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 261 IS - 1 SP - 74 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-14543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Ostermann, Markus T1 - Determination of sulfur isotope abundance ratios for SI-traceable low sulfur concentration measurements in fossil fuels by ID-TIMS N2 - The present work describes the development of an existing TIMS procedure to a reference procedure for low sulfur concentration measurements in fossil fuels. With this enhanced procedure SI-traceable sulfur mass fractions below 10 mg kg-1 can be obtained. The achieved detection limit is approximately 0.2 mg kg-1. The procedure was validated by certified reference materials. The procedure was already applied to candidate reference materials and to samples analysed within projects of the “Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière – CCQM”. Additionally the influence of the isotopic composition on the results and its corresponding uncertainty was studied. Reference data published in the literature on the isotopic composition of sulfur were assessed. KW - TIMS KW - IDMS KW - Low sulfur KW - Fossil fuel KW - Reference procedure PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2004.10.024 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 242 SP - 309 EP - 318 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7222 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Berger, Achim A1 - Ecker, Klaus A1 - Grötzschel, R. A1 - Klingbeil, Patrick A1 - Persson, L. A1 - Riebe, Gundel A1 - Wätjen, U. T1 - Contribution of ICP-IDMS to the certification of antimony implanted in a silicon wafer - comparison with RBS and INAA results N2 - A thin-layer reference material for surface and near-surface analytical methods was produced and certified. The surface density of the implanted Sb layer was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ICP-IDMS) equipped with a multi-collector. The isotopic abundances of Sb (121Sb and 123Sb) were determined by multi-collector ICP-MS and INAA. ICP-IDMS measurements are discussed in detail in this paper. All methods produced values traceable to the SI and are accompanied by a complete uncertainty budget. The homogeneity of the material was measured with RBS. From these measurements the standard uncertainty due to possible inhomogeneities was estimated to be less than 0.78% for fractions of the area increments down to 0.75 mm2 in size. Excellent agreement between the results of the three different methods was found. For the surface density of implanted Sb atoms the unweighted mean value of the means of four data sets is 4.8121016 cm-2 with an expanded uncertainty (coverage factor k=2) of 0.0921016 cm-2. For the isotope amount ratio R (121Sb/123Sb) the unweighted mean value of the means of two data sets is 1.435 with an expanded uncertainty (coverage factor k=2) of 0.006. KW - ICP-MS KW - IDMS KW - Reference material KW - Surface analysis PY - 2001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160100987 SN - 0937-0633 VL - 371 SP - 867 EP - 873 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-7220 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Riebe, Gundel T1 - A comparative study in the field of soil analysis T2 - 2. Symposium " Trends in sample preparation" CY - Seggauberg, Austria DA - 2004-07-04 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-5054 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Ostermann, Markus A1 - Taylor, P.D.P. T1 - Measurement of Isotopic Composition of Elements (MICE) - a new interlaboratory comparison T2 - 6. Symposium Massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse / 18. ICP-MS Anwendertreffen CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-10-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4932 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lucassen, F. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Rosner, M. A1 - Sepulveda, F. A1 - Vasquez, P. A1 - Wilke, H. A1 - Kasemann, S. A. T1 - The stable isotope composition of nitrogen and carbon and elemental contents in modern and fossil seabird guano from Northern Chile – Marine sources and diagenetic effects N2 - Seabird excrements (guano) have been preserved in the arid climate of Northern Chile since at least the Pliocene. The deposits of marine organic material in coastal areas potentially open a window into the present and past composition of the coastal ocean and its food web. We use the stable isotope composition of nitrogen and carbon as well as element contents to compare the principal prey of the birds, the Peruvian anchovy, with the composition of modern guano. We also investigate the impact of diagenetic changes on the isotopic composition and elemental contents of the pure ornithogenic sediments, starting with modern stratified deposits and extending to fossil guano. Where possible, 14C systematics is used for age information. The nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of the marine prey (Peruvian anchovy) of the birds is complex as it shows strong systematic variations with latitude. The detailed study of a modern profile that represents a few years of guano deposition up to present reveals systematic changes in nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition towards heavier values that increase with age, i.e. depth. Only the uppermost, youngest layers of modern guano show compositional affinity to the prey of the birds. In the profile, the simultaneous loss of nitrogen and carbon occurs by degassing, and non-volatile elements like phosphorous and calcium are passively enriched in the residual guano. Fossil guano deposits are very low in nitrogen and low in carbon contents, and show very heavy nitrogen isotopic compositions. One result of the study is that the use of guano for tracing nitrogen and carbon isotopic and elemental composition in the marine food web of the birds is restricted to fresh material. Despite systematic changes during diagenesis, there is little promise to retrieve reliable values of marine nitrogen and carbon signatures from older guano. However, the changes in isotopic composition from primary marine nitrogen isotopic signatures towards very heavy values generate a compositionally unique material. These compositions trace the presence of guano in natural ecosystems and its use as fertilizer in present and past agriculture. KW - Isotope ratio KW - VPDB KW - Fishmeal KW - Elemental analyser KW - Vario EL III KW - Casein standard KW - ICP-OES KW - Accelerator mass spectrometry PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-407911 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - Article e0179440, 1 EP - 25 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco, California, US AN - OPUS4-40791 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Linsinger, T. A1 - Andrzejuk, W. A1 - Bau, A. A1 - Charoud-Got, J. A1 - De VOs, P. A1 - Emteborg, H. A1 - Hearn, R. A1 - Lamberty, A. A1 - Oostra, A. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Quétel, C. A1 - Roebben, G. A1 - Tresl, I. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Wood, S. T1 - Production of three certified reference materials for the sulfur content in gasoline (petrol) N2 - Directive 2003/17/EC of the European Parliament and the European Council stipulates that petrol (gasoline) with a total sulfur content below 10 mg kg-1 must be available in all European Union member states by 2009. Three certified reference materials were produced in support of this directive in a joint effort of the members of the European Reference Materials Initiative (ERM). Two of the materials were made from commercial petrol, while the third one was prepared from a blend of commercial petrols. Relative between-ampule heterogeneity of the materials was quantified and found to be below 2.5%. Potential degradation during storage and dispatch was quantified, and shelf lives based on these values were set. The three materials were characterized by three institutes using different variants of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. The results from the three institutes were combined, and the final uncertainties of the respective sulfur mass fractions were estimated including contributions from heterogeneity, stability, and characterization. The following mass fractions were derived: ERM-EF211, 48.8 ± 1.7 mg kg-1; ERM-EF212, 20.2 ± 1.1 mg kg-1; and ERM-EF213, 9.1 ± 0.8 mg kg-1. KW - CRM KW - IDMS KW - ERM PY - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ef070155t SN - 0887-0624 SN - 1520-5029 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 2240 EP - 2244 PB - ACS Publ. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-16371 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knobbe, N. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Fry, H. A1 - Lochotzke, H.M. A1 - Preiss-Weigert, A. T1 - C and N stable isotope variation in urine and milk of cattle depending on the diet N2 - The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of urine and milk samples from cattle under different feeding regimes were analysed over a period of six months. The isotope ratios were measured with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The δ13C values of milk and urine were dependent on different feeding regimes based on C3 or C4 plants. The δ13C values are more negative under grass feeding than under maize feeding. The δ13C values of milk are more negative compared to urine and independent of the feeding regime. Under grass feeding the analysed milk and urine samples are enriched in 13C relative to the feed, whereas under maize feeding the 13C/12C ratio of urine is in the same range and milk is depleted in 13C relative to the diet. The difference between the 15N/14N ratios for the two feeding regimes is less pronounced than the 13C/12C ratios. The δ15N values in urine require more time to reach the new equilibrium, whereas the milk samples show no significant differences between the two feeding regimes. KW - Cattle KW - Urine KW - Milk KW - Feeding regime KW - Stable isotope PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0644-6 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 386 IS - 1 SP - 104 EP - 108 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12746 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klingbeil, Patrick A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Riebe, Gundel A1 - Müller, J. T1 - Comparative studies on the certification of reference materials by ICPMS and TIMS using isotope dilution procedures N2 - A comparison of different isotope dilution mass spectrometric (IDMS) procedures using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) was carried out to examine the degree of equivalence between the used procedures in terms of requirements for reference material certification. The comparison was based on the measurement results and their uncertainties. The sample used in this study is a pure zinc metal to be certified by the Bureau Communie de Référence (BCR) for amount contents of different trace elements. This study focuses on cadmium and thallium. The TIMS values contributed to the certified values. To guarantee identical conditions as far as possible for the procedures under investigation, the samples were split into subsamples after spiking and digestion took place. Thus, every IDMS procedure started with an identical set of samples. In total, four different IDMS procedures and one external calibration procedure using internal standardization as an example of routine analysis were applied. The IDMS procedures divide in a group with and a group without trace/matrix separation. Multicollector TIMS (TI-MC-MS) and multicollector ICPMS (ICP-MC-MS) were used in combination with trace/matrix separation, whereas quadrupole ICPMS (ICP-QMS) and ICP-MC-MS were also applied to nonseparated samples. All IDMS results agree well within their combined uncertainties, while some results from the external calibration procedure do not. IDMS results obtained by ICPMS without separation are comparable to those obtained by TI-MC-MS with separation regarding precision and accuracy. The smallest uncertainties were achieved using ICP-MC-MS in combination with trace/matrix separation. KW - ICP-MS KW - TIMS KW - IDMS KW - multi-collector KW - uncertainty budget KW - Certification KW - reference material PY - 2001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac001278c SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 73 IS - 8 SP - 1881 EP - 1888 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-909 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jakobs, Désirée A1 - Mathies, Helena A1 - Abraham, W.-R. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Biodegradation of a biocide (Cu-N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide) component of a wood preservative by a defined soil bacterial community N2 - The wood protection industry has refined their products from chrome-, copper-, and arsenate-based wood preservatives toward solely copper-based preservatives in combination with organic biocides. One of these is Cu-HDO, containing the chelation product of copper and N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide (HDO). In this study, the fate of isotope-labeled (13C) and nonlabeled (12C) Cu-HDO incorporated in wood sawdust mixed with soil was investigated. HDO concentration was monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The total carbon and the δ13C content of respired CO2, as well as of the soil-wood-sawdust mixture, were determined with an elemental analyzer-isotopic ratio mass spectrometer. The concentration of HDO decreased significantly after 105 days of incubation, and after 24 days the 13CO2 concentration respired from soil increased steadily to a maximum after 64 days of incubation. Phospholipid fatty acid-stable isotope probing (PFA-SIP) analysis revealed that the dominant PFAs C19:0d8,9, C18:0, C18:1ω7, C18:2ω6,9, C17:1d7,8, C16:0, and C16:1ω7 were highly enriched in their δ13C content. Moreover, RNA-SIP identified members of the phylum Acidobacteria and the genera Phenylobacterium and Comamonas that were assimilating carbon from HDO exclusively. Cu-HDO as part of a wood preservative effectively decreased fungal wood decay and overall microbial respiration from soil. In turn, a defined bacterial community was stimulated that was able to metabolize HDO completely. KW - 16S rRNA KW - Biocide KW - PLFA KW - Stable isotope probing KW - Soil KW - Wood preservative PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01092-10 SN - 0099-2240 VL - 76 IS - 24 SP - 8076 EP - 8083 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington, DC [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-22688 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herwig, Nadine A1 - Stephan, Kristin A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Vogl, Jochen T1 - Multi-element screening in milk and feed by SF-ICP-MS N2 - In this study, an analytical procedure for multi-element screening of 40 elements in milk and feed samples was developed. Three different digestion and two different calibration methods were tested for the best suitability. The analytical procedure for the quantification of minor and trace elements is based on sector field ICP-MS (SF-ICP-MS). The method validation revealed good agreement between the determined elemental mass fractions and the certified values of two milk and three feed reference materials. Milk samples of dairy cows at different feeding regimes were collected from two different farms. The results of our study showed significant differences of nine elemental mass fractions (Li, P, Mn, Co, Cu, Rb, Sr, Br, I) between milk from the two locations. Further, a correlation between the elemental mass fractions of milk and the ingested feed and water was observed. KW - Multi-element screening KW - SF-ICP-MS KW - Dairy cows KW - Milk KW - Feed KW - Water PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.050 SN - 0308-8146 VL - 124 IS - 3 SP - 1223 EP - 1230 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ; Jena AN - OPUS4-22042 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ecker, Klaus A1 - Wätjen, U. A1 - Berger, Achim A1 - Persson, L. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich T1 - RBS, SY-XRF, INAA and ICP-IDMS of antimony implanted in silicon - A multi-method approach to characterize and certify a reference material N2 - A layer of Sb atoms, implanted with an energy of 400 keV and a nominal dose of 5×1016 atoms/cm2 into a high purity silicon wafer, was certified for its areal density (atoms/cm2) using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ICP-IDMS) and for its isotope ratio using INAA and ICP-IDMS. Excellent agreement between the results of the different independent methods was found. In the present work, the measurements of the homogeneity of the areal density of Sb, previously determined with RBS in spots having 1 mm diameter, are improved with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis: Higher precision in even smaller sample spots allows to estimate a reduced inhomogeneity of the whole batch of samples of the order of only 0.4%. Thus the uncertainty of the certified value can further be reduced. Down to fractions of a chip with 0.3×0.4 mm2 area, the areal density is now certified as (4.81±0.06)×1016 Sb atoms/cm2, where the expanded uncertainty 0.06 (coverage factor k=2) corresponds to only 1.2%. The relative merits of the different analytical methods are discussed. KW - Certified reference material KW - RBS KW - INAA KW - ICP-IDMS KW - XRF KW - SY-XRF PY - 2002 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(01)01038-2 SN - 0168-583X SN - 1872-9584 VL - 188 IS - 1-4 SP - 120 EP - 125 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-13870 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudek, Gabriele A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Riebe, Gundel A1 - Görner, Wolf A1 - Alber, D. T1 - Characterization of neutron transmuted zinc traces in pure copper materials by isotope dilution mass spectrometry N2 - The neutron transmutation doping (NTD) of highly pure copper with zinc was investigated as a promising means of achieving controlled gradation of the zinc content in the range 1-20 wg g-1. The doping process leads to the enrichment of two stable isotopes 64Zn and 66Zn in a ratio which differs from that of natural isotopic distribution. Mass spectrometric investigations by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) were performed to validate the results obtained by gamma spectrometry. The investigations included both determination of the isotopic ratios of the doped zinc isotopes and the analysis of the accumulated zinc contents by isotope dilution (ID) analysis. Thereby a sample-specific correction of the blank could be performed because the isotope 68Zn was not influenced, because of the transmutation process. The results obtained by TIMS prove the strict proportionality of the doped zinc content, in the range 5 to 20 wg g-1, to the neutron fluence. Comparison with gamma spectrometric results showed a very good agreement within the uncertainties. PY - 2001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160100784 SN - 0937-0633 N1 - Geburtsname von Dudek, Gabriele: Wermann, G. - Birth name of Dudek, Gabriele: Wermann, G. VL - 370 IS - 5 SP - 606 EP - 611 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1145 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dudek, Gabriele A1 - Alber, D. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Riebe, Gundel A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Görner, Wolf T1 - Determination of the beta- branching ratio of 64Cu by mass spectrometric investigations of the decay products in neutron transmuted copper N2 - The ?- branching ratio of 64Cu was determined by investigating the resulting decay products in copper doped by neutron transmutation. The numbers of 64Zn and 64Ni atoms were analyzed using isotope dilution analysis combined with thermal ionization mass spectrometry. A ?- branching ratio of (38.06±0.30)% was obtained, which agrees with the study of Kawada (Appl. Radiat. Isot. 37 (1) (1986) 7) to a higher accuracy. However, our result differs from the value cited in the NUDAT database of (39.0±0.3)%. KW - NTD KW - Copper KW - Zinc KW - Nickel KW - Branching ratio KW - Cu-64 KW - TIMS KW - IDMS KW - Isotope dilution KW - Thermal ionization mass spectrometry KW - Neutron transmutation doping PY - 2002 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00180-4 SN - 0883-2889 SN - 0969-8043 N1 - Geburtsname von Dudek, Gabriele: Wermann, G. - Birth name of Dudek, Gabriele: Wermann, G. VL - 56 SP - 145 EP - 151 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-7221 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bohn, T. A1 - Walczyk, Th. A1 - Davidsson, L. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Klingbeil, Patrick A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Hurrell, R.F. T1 - Comparison of urinary monitoring, faecal monitoring and erythrocyte analysis of stable isotope labels to determine magnesium absorption in human subjects KW - Magnesium absorption KW - Stable isotopes KW - Faecal monitoring KW - Urinary monitoring KW - Erythrocytes PY - 2004 SN - 0007-1145 SN - 1475-2662 VL - 58 SP - 113 EP - 120 PB - CABI Publ. CY - Wallingford AN - OPUS4-3362 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -