TY - JOUR A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Monte, Christian A1 - Pilz, Walter A1 - Hoffmann, Angelika A1 - Spieles, Monika A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Hollandt, J. A1 - Taubert, D. A1 - Schönenberger, B. A1 - Nording, P. T1 - Traceability in Fluorometry: Part II. Spectral Fluorescence Standards N2 - The need for the traceable characterization of fluorescence instruments is emphasized from a chemist’s point of view, focusing on spectral fluorescence standards for the determination of the wavelength- and polarization-dependent relative spectral responsivity and relative spectral irradiance of fluorescence measuring systems, respectively. In a first step, major sources of error of fluorescence measurements and instrument calibration are revealed to underline the importance of this issue and to illustrate advantages and disadvantages of physical and chemical transfer standards for generation of spectral correction curves. Secondly, examples for sets of traceable chemical emission and excitation standards are shown that cover a broad spectral region and simple procedures for the determination of corrected emission spectra with acceptable uncertainties are presented. With proper consideration of the respective measurement principle and geometry, these dye-based characterization procedures can be not only applied to spectrofluorometers but also to other types of fluorescence measuring systems and even to Raman spectrometers. KW - Fluorescence KW - Standard KW - Spectral correction KW - Emission KW - Excitation KW - Traceability PY - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-005-2629-9 SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 315 EP - 336 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-10824 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Hoffmann, Angelika A1 - Monte, Christian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - The Calibration Kit Spectral Fluorescence Standards - A Simple and Certified Tool for the Standardization of the Spectral Characteristics of Fluorescence Instruments N2 - With the Calibration Kit Spectral Fluorescence Standards BAM-F001–BAM-F005, we developed a simple tool for the characterization of the relative spectral responsivity and the long-term stability of the emission channel of fluorescence instruments under routine measurement conditions thereby providing the basis for an improved comparability of fluorescence measurements and eventually standardization. This first set of traceable fluorescence standards, which links fluorescence measurements to the spectral radiance scale in the spectral range of 300–770 nm and has been optimized for spectrofluorometers, can be employed for different measurement geometries and can be adapted to different fluorescence techniques with proper consideration of the underlying measurement principles. KW - Fluorescence KW - Standard KW - Spectral correction KW - Emission KW - Calibration tool PY - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-006-0086-8 SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 581 EP - 587 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-14206 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Spieles, Monika A1 - Hoffmann, Angelika A1 - DeRose, P.C. A1 - Zwinkels, J. C. A1 - Gauthier, F. A1 - Ebert, B. A1 - Taubert, R.D. A1 - Voigt, J. A1 - Hollandt, J. A1 - Macdonald, R. T1 - State-of-the art comparability of corrected emission spectra. 2. Field laboratory assessment of calibration performance using spectral fluorescence standards N2 - In the second part of this two-part series on the state-of-the-art comparability of corrected emission spectra, we have extended this assessment to the broader community of fluorescence spectroscopists by involving 12 field laboratories that were randomly selected on the basis of their fluorescence measuring equipment. These laboratories performed a reference material (RM)-based fluorometer calibration with commercially available spectral fluorescence standards following a standard operating procedure that involved routine measurement conditions and the data evaluation software LINKCORR developed and provided by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). This instrument-specific emission correction curve was subsequently used for the determination of the corrected emission spectra of three test dyes, X, QS, and Y, revealing an average accuracy of 6.8% for the corrected emission spectra. This compares well with the relative standard uncertainties of 4.2% for physical standard-based spectral corrections demonstrated in the first part of this study (previous paper in this issue) involving an international group of four expert laboratories. The excellent comparability of the measurements of the field laboratories also demonstrates the effectiveness of RM-based correction procedures. KW - Fluorescence KW - Photoluminescence KW - Dye KW - Uncertainty KW - Method comparison KW - Standard KW - Method comparison KW - Spectral correction KW - Spectral fluorescence standard PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac203451g SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 84 IS - 9 SP - 3899 EP - 3907 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-27081 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Bremser, Wolfram A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Spieles, Monika A1 - Hoffmann, Angelika A1 - DeRose, P.C. A1 - Zwinkels, J. C. A1 - Gauthier, F. A1 - Ebert, B. A1 - Taubert, D. A1 - Monte, C. A1 - Voigt, J. A1 - Hollandt, J. A1 - Macdonald, R. T1 - State-of-the art comparability of corrected emission spectra. 1. spectral correction with physical transfer standards and spectral fluorescence standards by expert laboratories N2 - The development of fluorescence applications in the life and material sciences has proceeded largely without sufficient concern for the measurement uncertainties related to the characterization of fluorescence instruments. In this first part of a two-part series on the state-of-the-art comparability of corrected emission spectra, four National Metrology Institutes active in high-precision steady-state fluorometry performed a first comparison of fluorescence measurement capabilities by evaluating physical transfer standard (PTS)-based and reference material (RM)-based calibration methods. To identify achievable comparability and sources of error in instrument calibration, the emission spectra of three test dyes in the wavelength region from 300 to 770 nm were corrected and compared using both calibration methods. The results, obtained for typical spectrofluorometric (0°/90° transmitting) and colorimetric (45°/0° front-face) measurement geometries, demonstrated a comparability of corrected emission spectra within a relative standard uncertainty of 4.2% for PTS- and 2.4% for RM-based spectral correction when measurements and calibrations were performed under identical conditions. Moreover, the emission spectra of RMs F001 to F005, certified by BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, were confirmed. These RMs were subsequently used for the assessment of the comparability of RM-based corrected emission spectra of field laboratories using common commercial spectrofluorometers and routine measurement conditions in part 2 of this series (subsequent paper in this issue). KW - Fluorescence KW - Photoluminescence KW - Dye KW - Uncertainty KW - Method comparison KW - Standard KW - Method comparison KW - Spectral correction KW - Spectral fluorescence standard PY - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac2034503 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 84 IS - 9 SP - 3889 EP - 3898 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-25838 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -