TY - JOUR A1 - Maszkowska, J. A1 - Kolodziejska, M. A1 - Bialk-Bielinska, A. A1 - Mrozik, W. A1 - Kumirska, J. A1 - Stepnowski, P. A1 - Palavinskas, R. A1 - Krüger, Oliver A1 - Kalbe, Ute T1 - Column and batch tests of sulfonamide leaching from different types of soil N2 - Sulfonamides (SAs) and their metabolites present severe hazards to human health and the environment, mainly because of antibiotic resistance. Knowledge of their bioavailability, including their sorption to soils and their impact on the soil-groundwater pathway, is crucial to their risk assessment. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests are important tools for determining the release potential of contaminants from soil or waste materials. Batch and column tests were carried out with soils differing in particle size distribution, organic matter content and pH, each spiked with sulfonamides (sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfaguanidine (SGD), sulfisoxazole (SX)). In order to test the applicability of leaching tests to polar contaminants batch and column tests were also compared. In the column tests, release was found to depend on the properties of both soil and sulfonamides. The fastest release was observed for coarse-grained soil with the smallest organic matter content (MS soil; 100% decrease in concentration until liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 0.9 L kg-1 for all SAs). The slowest release was established for sulfadimethoxine (24.5% decrease in concentration until L/S 1.22 L kg-1). The results of the batch and column tests were comparable to a large extent, with slightly higher concentrations being obtained in the column test experiments of fine-grained soils with a high organic matter content. KW - Sulfonamides KW - Leaching KW - Column test KW - Batch test KW - Soil PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.053 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 260 SP - 468 EP - 474 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28855 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andres, S. A1 - Hansen, Ulf A1 - Niemann, B. A1 - Palavinskas, R. A1 - Lampen, A. T1 - Determination of the isoflavone composition and estrogenic activity of commercial dietary supplements based on soy or red clover N2 - Dietary supplements high in isolated isoflavones are commercially available for human consumption primarily to alleviate menopausal symptoms in women. The isoflavone composition, quantity and importantly their estrogenic potency are poorly standardised and can vary considerably between different products. The aim of this study was to analyse the isoflavone composition of 11 dietary supplements based on soy or red clover using the HPLC/MS/MS technique. Furthermore, we investigated the transactivational potential of the supplements on the estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, performing luciferase reporter gene assays. As expected, we found that the isoflavone composition varies between different products. The measured total isoflavone contents in various supplements were mostly comparable to those claimed by the manufacturers in their product information. However expressing the isoflavone content as isoflavone aglycone equivalents, soy-based supplements had a clearly lower quantity compared to the manufacturer information. All supplements transactivated more or less ERα and ERβ with a preference for ERβ. The transactivational efficiency exceeded partly the maximal 17β-estradiol induced ER activation. While the different soy-based supplements revealed similar transactivation potential to both ERs, red clover-based supplements differed considerably. We conclude that different commercial dietary supplements based on soy or red clover vary in their isoflavone composition and quantity. They are estrogenically active, although especially the red clover-based supplements show considerable differences in their estrogenic potential to ERα and ERβ. Thus, different isoflavone-rich products cannot be necessarily compared regarding possible biological effects. KW - estrogenic activity KW - HPLC/MS/MS technique KW - Estrogen receptor (ER) KW - nutritional supplements PY - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-357093 IS - 6 SP - 2017 EP - 2025 PB - The Royal Soc. of Chemistry CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-35709 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -