TY - JOUR A1 - Savija, B. A1 - Schlangen, E. A1 - Pacheco, J. A1 - Millar, Steven A1 - Eichler, Thorsten A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Chloride ingress in cracked concrete: a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) study N2 - Cracks are always present in reinforced concrete structures. In the presented research, influence of mechanical cracks on chloride ingress is studied. A compact reinforced concrete specimen was designed, mimicking the cracking behaviour of beam elements. Cracks of different widths were induced by means of mechanical loading. These cracked specimens were then subjected to weekly cycles of wetting and drying with NaCl solution. After the exposure, the specimens were cut, and chloride distributions were determined using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), an innovative technique which enables simultaneous determination of different elements with high spatial resolution and minimal specimen preparation. By combining element distributions of different elements, it is possible to discriminate between coarse aggregate particles, and the mortar matrix. It was found that the wider the crack is, the higher the ingress of chloride ions. This was, however, different for two tested concrete mixes. Due to highly inhomogeneous chloride distribution around the cracks, use of fine-scale experimental techniques for chloride mapping is advised, based on the presented study. KW - LIBS KW - Concrete KW - Chloride KW - Ingress KW - Cracks PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.12.425 SN - 1346-8014 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - 425 EP - 442 CY - Tokyo AN - OPUS4-31932 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Savija, B. A1 - Pacheco, J. A1 - Schlangen, E. A1 - Millar, Steven A1 - Eichler, Thorsten A1 - Wilsch, Gerd ED - Van Breugel, K. ED - Koenders, E.A.B. T1 - Chloride ingress in cracked concrete studied using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy N2 - Cracks are always present in reinforced concrete structures. In the presented research, influence of mechanical cracks on chloride ingress is studied. A compact reinforced concrete specimen was designed, mimicking the cracking behaviour of beam elements. Cracks of different widths were induced by means of mechanical loading. These cracked specimens were then subjected to weekly cycles of wetting and drying with NaCl solution. After the exposure, the specimens were cut, and chloride distributions were determined using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), an innovative technique which enables simultaneous determination of different elements with high spatial resolution and minimal specimen preparation. By combining element distributions of different elements, it is possible to discriminate between coarse aggregate particles, and the mortar matrix. It was found that the wider the crack is, the higher the ingress of chloride ions. This was, however, different for two tested concrete mixes. Due to highly inhomogeneous chloride distribution around the cracks, use of fine-scale experimental techniques for chloride mapping is advised, based on the presented study. T2 - 1st Ageing of materials & structures 2014 conference CY - Delft, The Netherlands DA - 26.05.2014 KW - Chloride ingress KW - Concrete cracking KW - LIBS PY - 2014 SN - 978-94-6186-313-3 SP - 140 EP - 146 AN - OPUS4-31150 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angst, U.M. A1 - Geiker, M.R. A1 - Alonso, M.C. A1 - Polder, R. A1 - Isgor, O.B. A1 - Elsener, B. A1 - Wong, H. A1 - Michel, A. A1 - Hornbostel, K. A1 - Gehlen, C. A1 - François, R. A1 - Sanchez, M. A1 - Criado, M. A1 - Sørensen, H. A1 - Hansson, C. A1 - Pillai, R. A1 - Mundra, Shishir A1 - Gulikers, J. A1 - Raupach, M. A1 - Pacheco, J. A1 - Sagüés, A. T1 - The effect of the steel-concrete interface on chloride-induced corrosion initiation in concrete: a critical review by RILEM TC 262-SCI N2 - The steel–concrete interface (SCI) is known to influence corrosion of steel in concrete. However, due to the numerous factors affecting the SCI—including steel properties, concrete properties, execution, and exposure conditions—it remains unclear which factors have the most dominant impact on the susceptibility of reinforced concrete to corrosion. In this literature review, prepared by members of RILEM technical committee 262-SCI, an attempt is made to elucidate the effect of numerous SCI characteristics on chloride-induced corrosion initiation of steel in concrete. We use a method to quantify and normalize the effect of individual SCI characteristics based on different literature results, which allows comparing them in a comprehensive context. It is found that the different SCI characteristics have received highly unbalanced research attention. Parameters such as w/b ratio and cement type have been studied most extensively. Interestingly, however, literature consistently indicates that those parameters have merely a moderate effect on the corrosion susceptibility of steel in concrete. Considerably more pronounced effects were identified for (1) steel properties, including metallurgy, presence of mill scale or rust layers, and surface roughness, and (2) the moisture state. Unfortunately, however, these aspects have received comparatively little research attention. Due to their apparently strong influence, future corrosion studies as well as developments towards predicting corrosion initiation in concrete would benefit from considering those aspects. Particularly the working mechanisms related to the moisture conditions in microscopic and macroscopic voids at the SCI is complex and presents major opportunities for further research in corrosion of steel in concrete. KW - Steel-concrete interface KW - Interfacial transition zone KW - Durability KW - Corrosion KW - Inhomogeneity KW - Variability PY - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-019-1387-0 VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 88-1 EP - 88-25 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-48689 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -