TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. T1 - A real-time GPS scheme to assess safe driving skills N2 - Avoiding road crashes has been the purpose behind many specialized software and hardware systems, involving both active and passive safety principles. Global Positioning technologies were incorporated into the transportation systems with the main purpose of acquiring the position of the vehicle under a continuous basis, for security and economy purposes. However, the GPS data can also be used for assessing the level of safety at which the vehicle is driven. On the basis of the essential data available from commercial GPS devices, in this paper we propose a combined performance measurement to assess the road safety level at which the vehicle is being driven. Such performance measure uses GPS data of the vehicle displacement, including the speed and the acceleration, as well as the course (latitude and longitude coordinates), in an integral driving assessment formulation that can run in real time. Results from the experimental use of this formulation suggest that the level of safety in the driving is time dependent, and that there are risky situations when different factors converge. T2 - ICASAT – 2019 – IEEE international Conference on Applied Science and Advanced Technology CY - Queretaro, México DA - 27.11.2019 KW - GPS Scheme KW - Safe KW - Driving PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-49982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. A1 - Lozano Guzmán, A. A. T1 - A real-time GPS scheme to assess safe driving skills N2 - GPS-data based calculation scheme for assessing, in real-time, the level of safety exerted during driving, has been described and used. The several variables involved considered the main factors that lead to road mishaps, including the speed, the acceleration and the effects that these variables have on the vehicle when it is negotiating a turn. The performance measure combines three individual performance outputs: speed, acceleration and a hybrid performance measure considering the speed, the acceleration and the change in latitude/longitude. The measures are designed in such a way that weighting factors can be calibrated in order to establish certain critical parameters. On the other hand, the terms in the equations preclude any division by zero of the involved ratios. On the other hand, the simplicity of the equations makes it possible to carry out the assessment in real time. The use of the resultant performance measure to a relatively long path, together with its current average value, indicates that the safe performance of the driving changes with time, and that, for the selected values of the calibration constants, the traveling speed dominates the overall safety performance of the driving. Furthermore, the different calibration constants provide the possibility of considering different types of hazmat carrying vehicles. While many other formulation components could be integrated into the performance measure, this three-component performance measure could be used to assess the driving of a hazmat-carrying vehicle, in order to detect and to prevent dangerous conditions, such as driver fatigue. Finally, the implementation of the different performance measure formulations in a system such as the one described in the introduction of this paper, could be straightforward. T2 - ICASAT – 2019 – IEEE international Conference on Applied Science and Advanced Technology CY - Queretaro, México DA - 27.11.2019 KW - GPS KW - Scheme KW - Safe KW - Driving PY - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-49984 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Hildebrand, R. A1 - Romero Navarrete, J. A. A1 - Sklorz, Christian ED - Otremba, Frank T1 - A simplified analytical approach on the dynamic pressures in cylindrical vertical tanks N2 - A simplified methodology is proposed to estimate the dynamic pressures developed within partially filled cylindrical vertical tanks when subjected to earthquake-related horizontal accelerations. The total pressure at the bottom of the tank is calculated as the superposition of vertical and horizontal pressures. While the magnitude of the vertical pressure depends on the free surface height of the liquid, the horizontal pressure depends on the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration and on the diameter of the tank. The liquid free surface oscillation angle is simulated based upon the principles of the simple pendulum analogy for sloshing. The length of the pendulum, however, is set on the basis of a methodology to calculate the free sloshing frequency of partially filled containers. Such a methodology is experimentally verified in this work. The outputs of the model for full scale situations, suggest that the lateral perturbation - sloshing phenomenon (earthquake effect) can generate an increase in the total pressure of 56% above the no lateral perturbation situation, further suggesting that such an overpressure should be taken into account when designing tanks that could be potentially subjected to earthquake-related perturbations. KW - Vertical cylindrical tanks KW - Pendulum analogy KW - Experimental approach KW - Sloshing, transition matrix approach KW - Hazmat PY - 2021 SN - 978-981-15-8273-8 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-51982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Lozano Guzmán, A. A. T1 - Simulation of liquid cargo – vehicle interaction under lateral and longitudinal accelerations N2 - Amongst the vehicle parameters influencing road safety, the carried cargo plays a critical role in the case of a liquid cargo, posing rollover risk and affecting the available friction forces for braking. While the lateral sloshing of the cargo within the vehicle´s compartments, can be excited when the vehicle negotiates a turn, the longitudinal motion of the cargo derives from changes of speed. The combination of both types of perturbations occurs when the vehicle brakes while negotiating a turn. In this paper, a two-pendulum formulation is used to simulate the lateral and longitudinal behavior of a vehicle when negotiating a braking in a turn maneuver. The suspension forces are thus calculated as the linear superposition of both models. Results suggest that the vehicle roll stability is affected by the cargo sloshing, with increments on the order of 100% in the lateral load transfer, for a 50% filled tank. On the other hand, the dispersion of the travelling speed also affects the lateral stability of such type of vehicles, as a function of the dispersion of the vehicle´s travelling speed. T2 - The 9th International Conference on Computational Methods (ICCM2018) CY - Rome, Italy DA - 06.08.2018 KW - Sloshing cargo KW - Road tankers KW - Pendulum analogy KW - Braking in a turn KW - Lateral load transfer ratio PY - 2018 SP - 88 EP - 102 PB - Scientech Publisher LLC AN - OPUS4-45821 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Betanzo Quezada, E. A1 - Obregón Biosca, S. A. T1 - The railway transport sustainability in Mexico. Europe and Mexico perspective N2 - The use of railway transportation for satisfying the transport needs of goods in Mexico is less intense than in developed countries, such as Germany. Mexican performance measures based upon the railway length per capita (intensity), or the railway length per square km of the country surface (density), are well behind from corresponding indicators for Germany, in such a way that the length of the railway infrastructure of Mexico should be, at least, doubled in order to reach a comparable intensity rate as that of Germany. In this paper, the benefits from transferring the whole transportation of goods from road to railway, is discussed. The benefits include a remarkable reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The feasibility for the electrical infrastructure to provide the necessary energy is further shown, while the economic feasibility of such situation is analyzed on the basis of the federal budget of Mexico. According to these estimations, the investment in railway infrastructure is feasible, while the electrical installed capacity is enough to satisfy an all-electric system. T2 - XIV Congreso Internacional de Ingenieria (XIV International Engineering Congress) CY - Querétaro, Mexico DA - 14.05.2018 KW - Railways KW - Trucking KW - Transport externalities KW - Comparative assessment KW - Energy saving potentials PY - 2018 SN - 978-1-5386-7018-7 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE AN - OPUS4-45823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. A1 - Lozano Guzmán, A. A. T1 - Modelling of a Partially Loaded Road Tanker during a Braking-in-a-Turn Maneuver N2 - This paper describes a theoretical model to simulate the effects of a sloshing cargo on the safety performance of a vehicle that performs a braking-in-a-turn maneuver when travels at a partial fill level. The fundamental assumption of the model consists of the superposition of the effects of two simplified mechanical-analogy models that represent a liquid cargo on a vehicle, including one for the roll motion and another one for the pitch motion. The distinctive characteristics of the mechanical models, however, is that they are based upon a validated formulation to establish the properties of the pendulum (length). The results suggest a small effect of the sloshing cargo on the braking efficiency of the cargo, while the load transfer is moderately affected. However, such results should be put into a perspective, according to which such small variations can represent the avoidance of a rear-end crash or a rollover. In this respect, a specialized ABS system could be considered to improve the performance of such kind of vehicles when performing such maneuvers. Validation of the proposed methodology should be performed as a continuation of this research effort. KW - ABS KW - Braking-in-a-turn maneuver KW - Cargo sloshing KW - Road tankers KW - Load transfer KW - Simulation KW - Turning maneuvers PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-456908 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030045 VL - 7 IS - 45 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-45690 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. A1 - Lozano-Guzmán, A. A. T1 - Commodities and rail damage N2 - The normalized contact-mechanics fourth-power law approach for the dynamic loads, suggest: worst railway use situation (double deck at 65 km/h) is 350 times that of the less rail damage situation (flat car at 45 km/h). The normalized dispersion approach for the dynamic loads (Dynamic Load Coefficient), suggest that the worst railway use situation (double deck at 65 km/h) is about 4 times that of the less rail damage Situation (flat car at 45 km/h). The potential effect of the different types of cars on the railway fatigue life could be significant, as a function of the vehicle speed. The experimental validation of these outputs will be carried out as a continuation of this research effort. In addition to that, it should be mentioned that the associated simplified model could be used to analyze some other situations, related with the transport safety of different products. T2 - IMECE 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY - Pittsburgh, PA, USA DA - 09.11.18 KW - Commodities KW - Rail KW - Damage PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Hazmat tanks subjected to fire N2 - Transport safety depends in great extent of what happens to the cargo once the carrying vehicle derails or rollovers. The exposure of tanks to direct fire is a condition that potentially involves catastrophic consequences. Studying the behavior of the contained fluid under these drastic circumstances, is critical to develop methods and techniques to mitigate the serious consequences of many mishaps. In this paper, the experimental potentials of a Particle Image Velocimetry data acquisition system are described, for providing experimental data that could be used to calibrate mathematical models. As an example of the situations that need to be modelled, an experiment is described concerning the effect of the boundary conditions and protecting devices, on the rate of variation of pressure and temperature of the fluid in a tank exposed to a direct fire. In this regard, the results emphasize the importance of equipping the vessels with both thermal insulation and safety valves. T2 - ICMEA CY - Da Nang, Vietnam DA - 16.01.2019 KW - Pool fire KW - Pressure vessel PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47231 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Lozano Guzmán, A. A. T1 - Energy saving potentials of railways instead of roadways: Mexico case N2 - For the last 100 years, Mexico has not invested in new freight railway infrastructure. Consequently, the values of indicators about the use of such Transport mode are poorly compared with those of developed countries such as Germany. T2 - Railways 2018 CY - Sitges, Barcelona, Spain DA - 03.09.2018 KW - Energy saving KW - Potentials KW - Railways KW - Roadways PY - 2018 UR - http://www.railwaysconference.com/ SP - Paper E5.05, 1 EP - 4 PB - Civil-Comp Limited CY - Dun Eaglais, UK AN - OPUS4-45909 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. A1 - Lozano Guzmán, A. A. T1 - Cargo securement standards and braking maneuvers N2 - There was a need to validate the longitudinal performance required for the cargo securement, as current standards exhibit differences. A model has been proposed in this paper, to simulate the effect of a shifting cargo on the braking efficiency of the vehicle. Results suggest that the braking efficiency can be greater in the case of a shifting cargo, as a result of the uncoupling of the cargo-vehicle systems, implying that similar braking forces are exerted on a reduced mass. The shifting of the cargo can occur as a result of the vibration of the vehicle, that leads to having a diminished friction force to prevent the shifting of the cargo. T2 - 20th Internatinal Conference on Road Traffic Saefy an Public Transport Vehicles CY - Paris, France DA - 29.10.2018 KW - Cargo KW - Securement KW - Braking KW - Maneuvers PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46501 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -