TY - JOUR A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Naumann, Annette A1 - Malow, Marcus T1 - Entwicklung von pilzlichen und bakteriellen Lebensgemeinschaften in einer Kiefernholzhalde N2 - Das Interesse für erneuerbare Energieträger ist in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen. Im Bereich Biomasse als erneuerbarer Energieträger wird besonders Holz ein großes Wachstum auf dem Energiesektor prognostiziert (NITSCH 2007). Die Speicherung dieser Energie erfolgt meist durch Holzhackschnitzelhalden in der Umwelt. Um ein tieferes Verständnis der in der Halde ablaufenden mikrobiologischen Prozesse erhalten zu können, wurden in einer neu aufgebauten Kiefernholzhackschnitzelhalde mit den Ausmaßen 15 m x 20 m x 6 m folgende Messungen durchgeführt: a.) Messung der Gaskonzentration von Sauerstoff, Kohlendioxid als auch der Temperaturentwicklung innerhalb der Halde; b.) Messung der Veränderung der Holzzusammensetzung innerhalb der Halde über die Zeit; c.) Charakterisierung der Veränderung der Zusammensetzung der bakteriellen als auch der pilzlichen Lebensgemeinschaften über die Zeit; d.) Charakterisierung von dominanten Vertretern der bakteriellen als auch der pilzlichen Lebensgemeinschaften. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Funktion und die Zusammensetzung der Lebensgemeinschaften über die Dauer der Holzhackschnitzellagerung ändern, und dass diese Änderungen nur zum Teil mit den Prozessen bei Kompostierungsanlagen vergleichbar sind. T2 - Experten Workshop "Lagerung von Holzhackschnitzeln" CY - Potsdam-Bornim, Deutschland DA - 2008-06-18 KW - Ascoymceten KW - Pseudomonas KW - Bakterien KW - Pilze KW - Temperatur KW - Pilzliche und bakterielle Lebensgemeinschaften PY - 2008 SN - 0947-7314 IS - 63 SP - 58 EP - 72 CY - Potsdam AN - OPUS4-18645 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Duc, L. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Meier, B.E. A1 - Bürgmann, H. A1 - Zeyer, J. T1 - High Diversity of Diazotrophs in the Forefield of a Receding Alpine Glacier N2 - Forefields of receding glaciers are unique and sensitive environments representing natural chronosequences. In such habitats, microbial nitrogen fixation is of particular interest since the low concentration of bioavailable nitrogen is one of the key limitations for growth of plants and soil microorganisms. Asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in the Damma glacier (Swiss Central Alps) forefield soils was assessed using the acetylene reduction assay. Free-living diazotrophic diversity and population structure were resolved by assembling four NifH sequence libraries for bulk and rhizosphere soils at two soil age classes (8- and 70-year ice-free forefield). A total of 318 NifH sequences were analyzed and grouped into 45 unique phylotypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a higher diversity as well as a broader distribution of NifH sequences among phylogenetic clusters than formerly observed in other environments. This illustrates the importance of free-living diazotrophs and their potential contribution to the global nitrogen input in this nutrient-poor environment. NifH diversity in bulk soils was higher than in rhizosphere soils. Moreover, the four libraries displayed low similarity values. This indicated that both soil age and the presence of pioneer plants influence diversification and population structure of free-living diazotrophs. KW - Diazotrophs KW - Glacier forefield KW - Chronosequence KW - Pioneer plant KW - NifH diversity PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9408-5 SN - 0095-3628 SN - 1432-184X VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 179 EP - 190 PB - Springer CY - New York, NY ; Heidelberg ; Berlin AN - OPUS4-18646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Klose, M. A1 - Conrad, R. T1 - Effect of temperature change on the composition of the bacterial and archaeal community potentially involved in the turnover of acetate and propionate in methanogenic rice field soil N2 - The microbial community structure was investigated together with the path of methane production in Italian rice field soil incubated at moderate (35 °C) and high (45 °C) temperature using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and stable isotope fractionation. The structure of both the archaeal and bacterial communities differed at 35 °C compared with 45 °C, and acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis dominated, respectively. Changing the incubation of the 45 °C soil to different temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 °C) resulted in a dynamic change of both microbial community structure and stable isotope fractionation. In all treatments, acetate first accumulated and then decreased. Propionate was also transiently produced and consumed. It is noteworthy that acetate was also consumed at thermophilic conditions, although archaeal community composition and stable isotope fractionation indicated that acetoclastic methanogenesis did not operate. Instead, acetate must have been consumed by syntrophic acetate oxidizers. The transient accumulation and subsequent consumption of acetate at thermophilic conditions was specifically paralleled by terminal restriction fragments characteristic for clostridial cluster I, whereas those of clostridial clusters I and III, Acidaminococcaceae and Heliobacteraceae, paralleled the thermophilic turnover of both acetate and propionate. KW - Syntrophic acetate oxidation KW - Thermophilic microbial community KW - Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Bacteria KW - Archaea KW - Structure and function KW - Methanogenic archael community KW - Temperature shift PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00883.x SN - 0168-6496 SN - 1574-6941 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 215 EP - 225 PB - Blackwell Publishing CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-21671 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Frenzel, P. A1 - Conrad, R. T1 - Selective stimulation of type I methanotrophs in a rice paddy soil by urea fertilization revealed by RNA-based stable isotope probing N2 - Methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in soil are not only controlled by their main substrates, methane and oxygen, but also by nitrogen availability. We compared an unfertilized control with a urea-fertilized treatment and applied RNA-stable-isotope-probing to follow activity changes upon fertilization as closely as possible. Nitrogen fertilization of an Italian rice field soil increased the CH4 oxidation rates sevenfold. In the fertilized treatment, isopycnic separation of 13C-enriched RNA became possible after 7 days when 300 µmol 13CH4 gdry soil-1 had been consumed. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprints and clone libraries documented that the type I methanotrophic genera Methylomicrobium and Methylocaldum assimilated 13CH4 nearly exclusively. Although previous studies had shown that the same soil contains a much larger diversity of MOB, including both type I and type II, nitrogen fertilization apparently activated only a small subset of the overall diversity of MOB, type I MOB in particular. KW - Methane oxidation KW - Nitrogen fertilization KW - Urea KW - Stable isotope probing PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00497.x SN - 0168-6496 SN - 1574-6941 VL - 65 IS - 1 SP - 125 EP - 132 PB - Blackwell Publishing CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-17659 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qiu, Q. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Abraham, W.-R. A1 - Lu, Y. A1 - Conrad, R. T1 - Applying stable isotope probing of phospholipid fatty acids and rRNA in a Chinese rice field to study activity and composition of the methanotrophic bacterial communities in situ N2 - Methanotrophs in the rhizosphere play an important role in global climate change since they attenuate methane emission from rice field ecosystems into the atmosphere. Most of the CH4 is emitted via transport through the plant gas vascular system. We used this transport for stable isotope probing (SIP) of the methanotrophs in the rhizosphere under field conditions and pulse-labelled rice plants in a Chinese rice field with CH4 (99% 13C) for 7 days. The rate of 13CH4 loss rate during 13C application was comparable to the CH4 oxidation rate measured by the difluoromethane inhibition technique. The methanotrophic communities on the roots and in the rhizospheric soil were analyzed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), cloning and sequencing of the particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA) gene. Populations of type I methanotrophs were larger than those of type II. Both methane oxidation rates and composition of methanotrophic communities suggested that there was little difference between urea-fertilized and unfertilized fields. SIP of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA-SIP) and rRNA (RNA-SIP) were used to analyze the metabolically active methanotrophic community in rhizospheric soil. PLFA of type I compared with type II methanotrophs was labelled more strongly with 13C, reaching a maximum of 6.8 atom-% . T-RFLP analysis and cloning/sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that methanotrophs, especially of type I, were slightly enriched in the 'heavy' fractions. Our results indicate that CH4 oxidation in the rice rhizosphere under in situ conditions is mainly due to type I methanotrophs. KW - Methane-oxidizing bacteria KW - Rice field KW - Rhizosphere KW - Stable isotope probing KW - Phospholipid fatty acid KW - Particulate methane monooxygenase PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2008.34 SN - 1751-7362 SN - 1751-7370 IS - 2 SP - 602 EP - 614 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - Basingstoke AN - OPUS4-17660 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Entwicklung von pilzlichen und bakteriellen Lebensgemeinschaften in Kiefernholzhalden T2 - Experten-Workshop zur Holzhackschnitzel-Lagerung, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e. V. CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 2008-06-18 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17673 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Wellinger, M. T1 - Changes of the soil ecosystem along a receding glacier: Testing the correlation between environmental factors and bacterial community structure N2 - As a glacier retreats, it leaves behind it a forefield that has a natural gradient of soil formation age. We systematically sampled the Damma glacier forefield (Switzerland) along a temporal gradient of soils deglaciated between 1956 and 2002. A significant change in organic carbon content, sulfate concentration, pH, water and nucleic acid content was observed along the forefield chronosequence. Based on 16S rRNA gene based fingerprinting, the structure of the bacterial community also shifted along the forefield. Shifts in the structure of the bacterial community were significantly correlated to changes of pH, soil water content and soil age. To test the impacts of an array of environmental variables including soil age, soil water content, and different anions on the structure of the bacterial community we incubated different glacier forefield soils under specific treatment conditions for 30 days at 25 °C. The incubation of recently deglaciated soils resulted into an increase of bacteria from the family Methylocystaceae and from the class Betaproteobacteria while the community composition from matured soil changed to a lesser extent. The total nitrogen concentration in matured soil doubled during incubation, whereas the nitrogen concentrations in recently deglaciated soil stayed constant. This suggested that the microbial ecosystem functioned differently in the mature versus the recently deglaciated soils. Only soil age and soil water content could be singled out as having significant effects on the structure and composition of the bacterial community, despite the fact that bacterial communities in glacier forefields are exposed to other steep environmental gradients. KW - Alpine glacier forefield KW - Bacteria KW - Environmental explanatory variable KW - Soil age KW - Soil water content KW - Succession KW - Nitrogen KW - Inorganic anion PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.012 SN - 0038-0717 VL - 40 IS - 10 SP - 2611 EP - 2619 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-17935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Urmann, K. A1 - Schroth, M.H. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Gonzalez-Gil, G. A1 - Zeyer, J. T1 - Assessment of microbial methane oxidation above a petroleum-contaminated aquifer using a combination of in situ techniques N2 - Emissions of the greenhouse gas CH4, which is often produced in contaminated aquifers, are reduced or eliminated by microbial CH4 oxidation in the overlying vadose zone. The aim of this field study was to estimate kinetic parameters and isotope fractionation factors for CH4 oxidation in situ in the vadose zone above a methanogenic aquifer in Studen, Switzerland, and to characterize the involved methanotrophic communities. To quantify kinetic parameters, several field tests, so-called gas push-pull tests (GPPTs), with CH4 injection concentrations ranging from 17 to 80 mL L-1 were performed. An apparent Vmax of 0.70 ± 0.15 mmol CH4 (L soil air)-1 h-1 and an apparent Km of 0.28 ± 0.09 mmol CH4 (L soil air)-1 was estimated for CH4 oxidation at 2.7 m depth, close to the groundwater table. At 1.1 m depth, Km (0.13 ± 0.02 mmol CH4 (L soil air)-1) was in a similar range, but Vmax (0.076 ± 0.006 mmol CH4 (L soil air)-1 h-1) was an order of magnitude lower. At 2.7 m, apparent first-order rate constants determined from a CH4 gas profile (1.9 h-1) and from a single GPPT (2.0 ± 0.03 h-1) were in good agreement. Above the groundwater table, a Vmax much higher than the in situ CH4 oxidation rate prior to GPPTs indicated a high buffer capacity for CH4. At both depths, known methanotrophic species affiliated with Methylosarcina and Methylocystis were detected by cloning and sequencing. Apparent stable carbon isotope fractionation factors a for CH4 oxidation determined during GPPTs ranged from 1.006 to 1.032. Variability was likely due to differences in methanotrophic activity and CH4 availability leading to different degrees of mass transfer limitation. This complicates the use of stable isotopes as an independent quantification method. KW - In situ quantification KW - Kinetics of microbial methane (CH4) oxidation KW - Stable isotope fractionation PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000363 SN - 0148-0227 VL - 113 SP - 02006-1-02006-11 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-17332 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Fast bacterial response in decomposition of pine-wood debris T2 - 14th International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2008-10-06 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-18093 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Berger, Anka A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Brandvermeidung bei der Lagerung von biogenen Brennstoffen am Beispiel von Kiefernholz T2 - Experten Workshop "Lagerung von Holzhackschnitzeln" CY - Potsdam-Bornim, Deutschland DA - 2008-06-18 KW - Selbstentzündung KW - Brandverhütung KW - Lagerung KW - Biomasse KW - Schüttgüter PY - 2008 SN - 0947-7314 IS - 63 SP - 32 EP - 44 CY - Potsdam AN - OPUS4-19043 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -