TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Lohrer, Christian A1 - Schmidt, Bernd A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Malow, Marcus T1 - A mathematical model to predict the heating-up of large-scale wood piles JF - Journal of loss prevention in the process industries N2 - A mathematical model to predict the heating-up in open air wood chip piles has been developed. This model includes the heat production from chemical, physical and microbial exothermal processes. In the manuscript the laboratory experiments needed to develop and validate the model are described. In addition, temperature and gas concentrations were measured in two large-scale wood piles (volumes bigger than 1000 m³), in order to provide the applicability of the model to large-scale scenarios. The predictions of the model and the large-scale experimental data showed good agreement concerning the maximum temperature reached inside an open air wood pile. Special attention has been devoted to the microbial processes, since they proved to be the most important cause of heat production in the early stages of storage. This work is intended to help in predicting and thus avoiding possible self-ignition scenarios for this type of wood storage. KW - Wood chips KW - Storage KW - Self-ignition KW - Numerical simulation KW - Large-scale piles KW - Biomass PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2009.02.009 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 VL - 22 SP - 450 EP - 459 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-19200 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shrestha, M. A1 - Abraham, W.-R. A1 - Shrestha, P.M. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Conrad, R. T1 - Activity and composition of methanotrophic bacterial communities in planted rice soil studied by flux measurements, analyses of pmoA gene and stable isotope probing of phospholipid fatty acids JF - Environmental microbiology N2 - Methanotrophs in the rhizosphere of rice field ecosystems attenuate the emissions of CH4 into the atmosphere and thus play an important role for the global cycle of this greenhouse gas. Therefore, we measured the activity and composition of the methanotrophic community in the rhizosphere of rice microcosms. Methane oxidation was determined by measuring the CH4 flux in the presence and absence of difluoromethane as a specific inhibitor for methane oxidation. Methane oxidation started on day 24 and reached the maximum on day 32 after transplantation. The total methanotrophic community was analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and cloning/sequencing of the pmoA gene, which encodes a subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase. The metabolically active methanotrophic community was analysed by stable isotope probing of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA-SIP) using 13C-labelled CH4 directly added to the rhizospheric region. Rhizospheric soil and root samples were collected after exposure to 13CH4 for 8 and 18 days. Both T-RFLP/cloning and PLFA-SIP approaches showed that type I and type II methanotrophic populations changed over time with respect to activity and population size in the rhizospheric soil and on the rice roots. However, type I methanotrophs were more active than type II methanotrophs at both time points indicating they were of particular importance in the rhizosphere. PLFA-SIP showed that the active methanotrophic populations exhibit a pronounced spatial and temporal variation in rice microcosms. KW - Methane oxidation KW - Active methanotrophs KW - Rice microcosms KW - PLFA KW - pmoA gene PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01462.x SN - 1462-2912 SN - 1462-2920 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 400 EP - 412 PB - Blackwell Science CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-16493 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Qiu, Q. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Abraham, W.-R. A1 - Lu, Y. A1 - Conrad, R. T1 - Applying stable isotope probing of phospholipid fatty acids and rRNA in a Chinese rice field to study activity and composition of the methanotrophic bacterial communities in situ JF - The ISME journal : multisiciplinary journal of microbial ecology N2 - Methanotrophs in the rhizosphere play an important role in global climate change since they attenuate methane emission from rice field ecosystems into the atmosphere. Most of the CH4 is emitted via transport through the plant gas vascular system. We used this transport for stable isotope probing (SIP) of the methanotrophs in the rhizosphere under field conditions and pulse-labelled rice plants in a Chinese rice field with CH4 (99% 13C) for 7 days. The rate of 13CH4 loss rate during 13C application was comparable to the CH4 oxidation rate measured by the difluoromethane inhibition technique. The methanotrophic communities on the roots and in the rhizospheric soil were analyzed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), cloning and sequencing of the particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA) gene. Populations of type I methanotrophs were larger than those of type II. Both methane oxidation rates and composition of methanotrophic communities suggested that there was little difference between urea-fertilized and unfertilized fields. SIP of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA-SIP) and rRNA (RNA-SIP) were used to analyze the metabolically active methanotrophic community in rhizospheric soil. PLFA of type I compared with type II methanotrophs was labelled more strongly with 13C, reaching a maximum of 6.8 atom-% . T-RFLP analysis and cloning/sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that methanotrophs, especially of type I, were slightly enriched in the 'heavy' fractions. Our results indicate that CH4 oxidation in the rice rhizosphere under in situ conditions is mainly due to type I methanotrophs. KW - Methane-oxidizing bacteria KW - Rice field KW - Rhizosphere KW - Stable isotope probing KW - Phospholipid fatty acid KW - Particulate methane monooxygenase PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2008.34 SN - 1751-7362 SN - 1751-7370 IS - 2 SP - 602 EP - 614 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - Basingstoke AN - OPUS4-17660 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Urmann, K. A1 - Schroth, M.H. A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Gonzalez-Gil, G. A1 - Zeyer, J. T1 - Assessment of microbial methane oxidation above a petroleum-contaminated aquifer using a combination of in situ techniques JF - Journal of geophysical research / G N2 - Emissions of the greenhouse gas CH4, which is often produced in contaminated aquifers, are reduced or eliminated by microbial CH4 oxidation in the overlying vadose zone. The aim of this field study was to estimate kinetic parameters and isotope fractionation factors for CH4 oxidation in situ in the vadose zone above a methanogenic aquifer in Studen, Switzerland, and to characterize the involved methanotrophic communities. To quantify kinetic parameters, several field tests, so-called gas push-pull tests (GPPTs), with CH4 injection concentrations ranging from 17 to 80 mL L-1 were performed. An apparent Vmax of 0.70 ± 0.15 mmol CH4 (L soil air)-1 h-1 and an apparent Km of 0.28 ± 0.09 mmol CH4 (L soil air)-1 was estimated for CH4 oxidation at 2.7 m depth, close to the groundwater table. At 1.1 m depth, Km (0.13 ± 0.02 mmol CH4 (L soil air)-1) was in a similar range, but Vmax (0.076 ± 0.006 mmol CH4 (L soil air)-1 h-1) was an order of magnitude lower. At 2.7 m, apparent first-order rate constants determined from a CH4 gas profile (1.9 h-1) and from a single GPPT (2.0 ± 0.03 h-1) were in good agreement. Above the groundwater table, a Vmax much higher than the in situ CH4 oxidation rate prior to GPPTs indicated a high buffer capacity for CH4. At both depths, known methanotrophic species affiliated with Methylosarcina and Methylocystis were detected by cloning and sequencing. Apparent stable carbon isotope fractionation factors a for CH4 oxidation determined during GPPTs ranged from 1.006 to 1.032. Variability was likely due to differences in methanotrophic activity and CH4 availability leading to different degrees of mass transfer limitation. This complicates the use of stable isotopes as an independent quantification method. KW - In situ quantification KW - Kinetics of microbial methane (CH4) oxidation KW - Stable isotope fractionation PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000363 SN - 0148-0227 VL - 113 SP - 02006-1-02006-11 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-17332 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jakobs, Désirée A1 - Mathies, Helena A1 - Abraham, W.-R. A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Biodegradation of a biocide (Cu-N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide) component of a wood preservative by a defined soil bacterial community JF - Applied and environmental microbiology N2 - The wood protection industry has refined their products from chrome-, copper-, and arsenate-based wood preservatives toward solely copper-based preservatives in combination with organic biocides. One of these is Cu-HDO, containing the chelation product of copper and N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide (HDO). In this study, the fate of isotope-labeled (13C) and nonlabeled (12C) Cu-HDO incorporated in wood sawdust mixed with soil was investigated. HDO concentration was monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The total carbon and the δ13C content of respired CO2, as well as of the soil-wood-sawdust mixture, were determined with an elemental analyzer-isotopic ratio mass spectrometer. The concentration of HDO decreased significantly after 105 days of incubation, and after 24 days the 13CO2 concentration respired from soil increased steadily to a maximum after 64 days of incubation. Phospholipid fatty acid-stable isotope probing (PFA-SIP) analysis revealed that the dominant PFAs C19:0d8,9, C18:0, C18:1ω7, C18:2ω6,9, C17:1d7,8, C16:0, and C16:1ω7 were highly enriched in their δ13C content. Moreover, RNA-SIP identified members of the phylum Acidobacteria and the genera Phenylobacterium and Comamonas that were assimilating carbon from HDO exclusively. Cu-HDO as part of a wood preservative effectively decreased fungal wood decay and overall microbial respiration from soil. In turn, a defined bacterial community was stimulated that was able to metabolize HDO completely. KW - 16S rRNA KW - Biocide KW - PLFA KW - Stable isotope probing KW - Soil KW - Wood preservative PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01092-10 SN - 0099-2240 VL - 76 IS - 24 SP - 8076 EP - 8083 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington, DC [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-22688 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Berger, Anka A1 - Noll, Matthias T1 - Brandvermeidung bei der Lagerung von biogenen Brennstoffen am Beispiel von Kiefernholz JF - Bornimer agrartechnische Berichte T2 - Experten Workshop "Lagerung von Holzhackschnitzeln" CY - Potsdam-Bornim, Deutschland DA - 2008-06-18 KW - Selbstentzündung KW - Brandverhütung KW - Lagerung KW - Biomasse KW - Schüttgüter PY - 2008 SN - 0947-7314 IS - 63 SP - 32 EP - 44 CY - Potsdam AN - OPUS4-19043 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Malow, Marcus A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Noll, Matthias ED - Mahammadzadeh, M. ED - Biebeler, H. ED - Bardt, H. T1 - Brandvermeidung bei der Lagerung von Biomasse T2 - Klimaschutz und Anpassung an die Klimafolgen - Strategien, Maßnahmen und Anwendungsbeispiele KW - Brandvermeidung KW - Selbstentzündung KW - Biomasse PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-602-14847-9 IS - Kap. 13 SP - 107 EP - 114 CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-20811 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Schmalenberger, A. T1 - Changes in desulfonating bacterial communities along a natural soil chronosequence T2 - EMPO-FEMS workshop "Microbial Sulfur Metabolism" T2 - EMPO-FEMS workshop "Microbial Sulfur Metabolism" CY - Tomar, Portugal DA - 2009-03-15 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19109 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Schmalenberger, A. T1 - Changes in desulfonating bacterial communities along a natural soil chronosequence T2 - Jahrestagung 2009 der Vereinigung für allgemeine und angewandte Mikrobiologie (VAAM) T2 - Jahrestagung 2009 der Vereinigung für allgemeine und angewandte Mikrobiologie (VAAM) CY - Bochum, Germany DA - 2009-03-08 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19080 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noll, Matthias A1 - Wellinger, M. T1 - Changes of the soil ecosystem along a receding glacier: Testing the correlation between environmental factors and bacterial community structure JF - Soil biology & biochemistry N2 - As a glacier retreats, it leaves behind it a forefield that has a natural gradient of soil formation age. We systematically sampled the Damma glacier forefield (Switzerland) along a temporal gradient of soils deglaciated between 1956 and 2002. A significant change in organic carbon content, sulfate concentration, pH, water and nucleic acid content was observed along the forefield chronosequence. Based on 16S rRNA gene based fingerprinting, the structure of the bacterial community also shifted along the forefield. Shifts in the structure of the bacterial community were significantly correlated to changes of pH, soil water content and soil age. To test the impacts of an array of environmental variables including soil age, soil water content, and different anions on the structure of the bacterial community we incubated different glacier forefield soils under specific treatment conditions for 30 days at 25 °C. The incubation of recently deglaciated soils resulted into an increase of bacteria from the family Methylocystaceae and from the class Betaproteobacteria while the community composition from matured soil changed to a lesser extent. The total nitrogen concentration in matured soil doubled during incubation, whereas the nitrogen concentrations in recently deglaciated soil stayed constant. This suggested that the microbial ecosystem functioned differently in the mature versus the recently deglaciated soils. Only soil age and soil water content could be singled out as having significant effects on the structure and composition of the bacterial community, despite the fact that bacterial communities in glacier forefields are exposed to other steep environmental gradients. KW - Alpine glacier forefield KW - Bacteria KW - Environmental explanatory variable KW - Soil age KW - Soil water content KW - Succession KW - Nitrogen KW - Inorganic anion PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.012 SN - 0038-0717 VL - 40 IS - 10 SP - 2611 EP - 2619 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-17935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -