TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Nehrig, Marko A1 - Bletzer, Claus A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Erenberg, Marina A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Behaviour of Wood Filled Impact Limiters during Fire Test N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material are often equipped with impact limiters consisting of wood, encapsulated by steel sheets. These impact limiters shall ensure the transport cask meets the mechanical and thermal IAEA regulatory test requirements. After damage caused by the mechanical tests the package has to withstand a severe fire scenario. According to the regulations during and following the thermal test, the specimen shall not be artificially cooled and any combustion of materials of the package shall be permitted to proceed naturally. Corresponding to results of the French institute IRSN combustion and smouldering of wood inside the impact limiter occurred during and after the fire test. An additional energy supply from a pre-damaged impact limiter to the cask could be the consequence for the safety assessment of the containment. BAM started a first test phase to examine the issue of combustion for such kind of package components. The goal was to understand the phenomena under the consideration of relevant regulatory boundary conditions. Several metal buckets were filled with wood and equipped with thermocouples. The test specimens have been prepared with different damage arrangements to take the influence of the mechanical tests into account. This paper shows the experimental setup and the conduction of the tests. The first test shows that pre-damaged metal encapsulations can lead to smouldering of the wood and with this to a supplement energy release after the end of the 30 minute fire. BAM is in the preparation process for a second test phase. A thermal test will take place with a wood filled test specimen weighing about 2Mg. T2 - The 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials (PATRAM 2016) CY - Kobe, Japan DA - 18.09.2016 KW - Large scale testing KW - Fire test KW - Impact limiter KW - Shock absorber KW - Thermal test KW - Typ-B KW - Wood KW - Smouldering PY - 2016 SP - paper no. 1011 AN - OPUS4-37854 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Feldkamp, Martin A1 - Nehrig, Marko A1 - Bletzer, Claus Wilhelm A1 - Musolff, André A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Combustion of wood encapsulated in steel sheets during fire test N2 - Packages for the transport of radioactive material are often equipped with impact limiters consisting of wood, encapsulated by Steel sheets. These impact limiters shall ensure the transport cask meets the IAEA safety requirements. After damage caused by the mechanical tests the package has to withstand a severe fire scenario. According to the regulations during and following the fire test, the specimen shall not be artificially cooled and any combustion of materials of the package shall be permitted to proceed naturally. Due to results of the French institute IRSN it was shown that after the fire test an additional energy supply from a pre-damaged impact limiter should be taken into account. The combustion or smouldering of wood was of interest. BAM started a first test phase to examine the issue of combustion for such kind of package components. The goal was to understand the phenomena under the consideration of relevant regulatory boundary conditions. Several metal buckets were filled with wood and equipped with thermocouples. The test specimens have been prepared with different damage arrangements to take the influence of the mechanical tests into account. This paper shows the experimental Setup and the conduction of the tests. The first test shows that pre-damaged metal encapsulations can lead to smouldering of the wood and with this to a Supplement energy release after the end of the 30 minute fire. The consequence could be, to consider additional thermal loads of wood filled impact limiters to filled the IAEA regulations, if the conditions of the tests are transferable to the safety analysis of the package design. T2 - RAMTRANS 2015 - 10th International conference on radioactive materials transport and storage CY - Oxford, UK DA - 19.05.2015 KW - Typ-B KW - Impact limiter KW - Shock absorber KW - Wood KW - Thermal test KW - Fire test PY - 2015 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-33407 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Musolff, André ED - Topping, B.H.V. T1 - Validation of numerical simulation models for transport and storage casks using drop test results N2 - The safety assessment of new designs for transport and storage casks for radioactive materials is a challenging task accomplished using different methods such as prototype tests, model tests, calculations and analogy reflections. At BAM (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing), the test procedures for the mechanical IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) test conditions often start with preliminary finite element (FE) calculations mostly with a small-scale cask model for verification of the proposed test cask instrumentation and test plan. On that basis the extensive test cask instrumentation is applied and checked. After that, a series of drop tests consisting of different test sequences is performed. Following the drop tests, numerical post-analyses are carried out. These analyses offer the possibility of a detailed calculation and assessment of stresses and strains in the entire test cask construction. The calculation results have to be carefully compared with the measurement data over the impact history to find out all relevant parameters for a realistic simulation of the impact scenario. The desired ideal boundary test conditions often cannot be met exactly during the drop tests. Therefore, the numerical post-analyses are carried out by using the real boundary conditions of the drop tests. The objective is to find a validated model, where the results of the numerical simulations satisfactorily meet the experimental results. Under test conditions according to the IAEA transport regulations, casks are usually equipped with impact limiters and dropped onto a so-called unyielding target. In general, it is difficult to verify a complex FE model by using results from only one drop test because of the complex impact process and the complex structure of such packages. After each drop test, numerical post-analyses should be carried out. Only if all drop tests were simulated successfully by using the same FE model under different test conditions, it is possible to obtain a validated numerical model for further investigations. In this case the results of the numerical simulations meet satisfactorily the experimental results. In this paper a study is presented, where the influence of different components on the cask loading is investigated systematically. T2 - 11th International conference on computational structures technology CY - Dubrovnik, Croatia DA - 04.09.2012 KW - Impact KW - Simulation KW - Cask KW - Dop test KW - Finite element model KW - Validation KW - Dynamics KW - Transport and storage cask PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.4203/ccp.99.273 SN - 1759-3433 IS - Paper 273 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Civil Comp Press AN - OPUS4-26537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Musolff, André T1 - From experiment to appropriate finite element model-safety assessment for ductile cast iron casks demonstrated by means of IAEA puncture drop test N2 - In the approval procedure of transport packages for radioactive materials, the competent authority mechanical and thermal safety assessment is carried out in Germany by BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. The combination of experimental investigations and numerical calculations in conjunction with materials and components testing is the basis of the safety assessment concept of the BAM. Among other mechanical test scenarios, a 1 metre drop test onto a steel bar has to be considered for the application of the hypothetical accident conditions to Type B packages according to IAEA regulations. Within the approval procedure for the new German package design of the HLW cask CASTOR® HAW 28M, designed by GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service Germany, a puncture drop test was performed with a half-scale model of the cask at -40°C. For independent assessment and to control the safety analysis presented by the applicant, BAM developed a complex finite element (FE) model for a dynamical ABAQUS/ExplicitTM analysis. This paper describes in detail the use of the FE method for modelling the puncture drop test within an actual assessment strategy. At first, investigations of the behaviour of the steel bar were carried out. Different friction coefficients and the material law of the bar were analysed by using a 'rigid-body' approximation for the cask body. In the next step, a more detailed FE model with a more realistic material definition for the cask body was developed. The validation of calculated strains was carried out by comparison with the results of the strain gauges located at the relevant points of the cask model. The influence of the FE meshing is described. Finally, the validated FE half-scale model was expanded to full-scale dimension. Scaling effects were analysed. The model was used for safety assessment of the package to be approved. KW - IAEA puncture drop test KW - Cylindrical cask KW - Explicit dynamics KW - Scaled model KW - Numerical analysis KW - Validation KW - Safety assessment PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1179/1746510911Y.0000000010 SN - 1746-5095 SN - 1746-5109 SN - 0957-476X VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 148 EP - 153 PB - Ramtrans Publ. CY - Ashford AN - OPUS4-25356 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Musolff, André T1 - Numerische Analyse der 1-m-Fallprüfung auf einen Stahldorn T2 - Jahrestagung Kerntechnik 2010 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2010-05-04 KW - IAEO KW - 1-m-Fallprüfung KW - Stahldorn KW - Numerische Analyse KW - Verifizierung PY - 2010 IS - Sektion 5 / 505 SP - 1 EP - 5 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-21292 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Musolff, André T1 - Numerical simulation of 9 meter drop of a transport and storage cask with aluminium impact limiter N2 - For the purpose of numerical simulation of 9 meter drop of a transport and storage cask with aluminium impact limiter, an elastic-incremental plastic material model with strain rate hardening acc. to Cowper-Symonds is used for the development of isothermal as well as adiabatic stress-strain relations of aluminium from the compression test at constant ambient temperature. After that, two different simulation strategies are compared. At first, the drop test is calculated fully coupled, i.e. with isothermal stress-strain relations and possible heat generation in the material. Then the drop test is recalculated in a very simplified manner with adiabatic stress-strain relations from the compression test in an isothermal simulation. Both calculation strategies show similar results in the investigated load scenario. T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials CY - London, UK DA - 2010-10-03 KW - Drop test KW - Spent fuel transport cask KW - Finite element calculation KW - Dynamic simulation KW - Impact limiter KW - Aluminium PY - 2010 SP - 1-8 (Monday-T16-117) AN - OPUS4-23707 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weber, Mike A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Musolff, André T1 - From experiment to an appropriate finite element model-safety assessment for ductile cast iron casks demonstrated by means of IAEA puncture drop test N2 - In the approval procedure of transport packages for radioactive materials, the competent authority mechanical and thermal safety assessment is carried out in Germany by BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. The combination of experimental investigations and numerical calculations in conjunction with materials and components testing is the basis of the safety assessment concept of the BAM. Among other mechanical test scenarios a 1 meter drop test onto a steel bar has to be considered for hypothetical accident conditions of Type B packages according to IAEA regulations. Within the approval procedure for the new German package design of the HLW cask CASTOR® HAW 28M, designed by GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service Germany, a puncture drop test was performed with a half-scale model of the cask at -40°C. For independent assessment and to control the safety analysis presented by applicant, BAM developed a complex finite element model for a dynamical ABAQUS/ExplicitTM analysis. This paper describes in detail the use of the finite element (FE) method for modeling the puncture drop test within an actual assessment strategy. At first investigations of the behaviour of the steel bar are carried out. Different friction coefficients and the material law of the bar are analysed by using a 'rigid-body' approximation for the cask body. In the next step a more detailed FE model with a more realistic material definition for the cask body is developed. Strain verification is possible by results of the strain gauges located at the relevant points of the cask model. The influence of the finite element meshing is described. Finally, the verified FE half-scale model is expanded to full-scale dimension. Scaling effects are analysed. The model is used for safety assessment of the package to be approved. T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials CY - London, UK DA - 2010-10-03 KW - IAEA KW - Puncture drop test KW - Numerical analysis KW - Verification PY - 2010 SP - 1-8 (Tuesday/T19/26-115) AN - OPUS4-23928 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -