TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Chemical safety database - application for flammability limits of biogases T2 - 2008 AIChE Spring National Meeting CY - New Orleans, LA, USA DA - 2008-04-06 KW - Explosion limit KW - Biogas KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Flammability limit KW - Explosion protection KW - Renewable energy PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-8169-1023-6 N1 - Serientitel: P / AIChE, American Institute of Chemical Engineers – Series title: P / AIChE, American Institute of Chemical Engineers IS - 247 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - AIChE CY - New York AN - OPUS4-17367 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Chemical safety database - application for flammability limits of biogases N2 - The article addresses safety characteristics of hazardous substances, particularly biogas plants that require specific safety measures. KW - Explosion limit KW - Biogas KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Flammability limit KW - Explosion protection KW - Renewable energy PY - 2009 IS - Spring 2009 SP - 20 EP - 26 PB - Fire & safety group CY - Cedar Grove, NJ, USA AN - OPUS4-19614 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Biogáz robbanási határainak kiszámítása methán/széndioxid/levegö rendszer robbanási határ adataiból / Estimation of the explosion limits of biogas mixtures by using the explosiondiagram of a methane/carbon dioxide/air system N2 - The knowledge of the explosion limits of biogases in air is necessary to define explosion protection measures. Biogases from agricultural plants vary however in their composition, so that for each gas composition the explosion limits would have to be measured. Frequently the explosion limits of biogas are therefore referred in the safety-relevant literature only to the methane fraction of the gas mixture, without indicating this additionally. This leads to the fact that the explosion ranges for the total mixture consists of methane, carbon dioxide and further residual gases are falsely specified. For this reason a simple method is presented in the following, which show, how the explosion limits of a biogas can be determined from its methane content using an explosion diagram of methane/carbon dioxide/air system. The explosion diagram was measured according to the German Standard DIN 51649-1. The presented calculation method supplies however correct results only if the nitrogen fraction in the biogas does not exceed approx. 5 % by volume. T2 - Conference of Chemical Engineering CY - Veszprém, Hungary DA - 2006-04-25 KW - Biogas KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Explosionsdiagramm KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsschutz PY - 2006 SN - 963-9495-86-7 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 39 PB - Pannon Egyetem CY - Veszprem AN - OPUS4-12298 LA - hun AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Molnarne, Maria A1 - Schröder, Volkmar ED - Buratti, S. S. T1 - Using explosion diagrams for estimation of the explosion limits of biogas mixtures N2 - Biogas is an important source of renewable energy. It consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, with low levels of hydrogen sulphide and other gases. That means, that the toxicological aspects and the flammability of biogas has to be taken into account. A serious accident has happened just recently in a biogas production plant in Germany, accompanied with injuries and four totalities. The methane content of the different types of biogases varies from about 82 % till 40 % and the rest is mostly carbon dioxide with trace gases depending on the anaerobe digestion process. These plants must also be controlled to avoid pollution and the risk of explosion. The 1999/92/EC Directive (ATEX 137) addressed to employer. The employer of such plants needs to implement safety requirements, such as prevention of explosive atmospheres, avoiding ignition sources, etc. In addition he has to prepare an explosion protection document and carry out a hazard assessment. The basic information for these documents based on the safety characteristics of the produced gases. These data can be taken e. g. from the database CHEMSAFE® using explosion diagrams of methane/carbon dioxide/air mixtures. In the literature the biogas explosion limits often presented in a confusing way. In this presentation a simple method will be shown to get correct values by correlation of the explosion limits with the methane content of the biogas. While biogas production will be forecast with an acceleration of growth in the future, it is essential to clear this important safety problem. T2 - 2nd International Conference on Safety & Environment in Process Industry (CISAP-2) CY - Naples, Italy DA - 2006-05-21 KW - Biogas KW - CHEMSAFE KW - Explosionsdiagramm KW - Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen KW - Explosionsschutz PY - 2006 SN - 88-901915-1-1 N1 - Serientitel: Chemical engineering transactions – Series title: Chemical engineering transactions IS - 9 SP - 83 EP - 88 PB - Assoziatione Italiana di Ingegneria Chimica CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-12390 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Molnarne, Maria T1 - Die Explosionsgrenzen von Biogas in Luft N2 - Für den Explosionsschutz in Biogasanlagen ist es erforderlich, die Explosionsgrenzen des Gases in Luft zu kennen. Biogase aus landwirtschaftlichen Anlagen haben jedoch eine schwankende Zusammensetzung, sodass für jede Gemischzusammensetzung die Explosionsgrenzen experimentell bestimmt werden müssten. Dies ist i. d. R. mit erheblichem Aufwand verbunden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode vorgestellt, bei der mithilfe von zwei Explosionsdiagrammen die Explosionsgrenzen von Biogas mit bekannter Zusammensetzung abgeschätzt werden können. Dabei werden neben dem Methan- und Kohlendioxidanteil des Biogases auch mögliche Anteile von Wasserdampf berücksichtigt. KW - Sicherheitstechnik KW - Biogas KW - Explosionsgrenzen KW - Prozesssicherheit PY - 2008 SN - 1434-9728 SN - 1436-4948 SN - 0372-2457 SN - 0376-1185 VL - 49 IS - 1-2 SP - 16 EP - 20 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-16648 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -