TY - JOUR A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Müller, Thoralf A1 - Mietz, Jürgen A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Investigation of the influence of iron‐containing abrasives on the corrosion behaviour of the aluminium alloy AlSi1.2Mg0.4 JF - Materials and Corrosion N2 - The corrosion resistance of aluminium surfaces is closely linked to the surfacecstate after a grinding process. For years, iron‐containing abrasive materials were suspected to lead to increased corrosion susceptibility after processing of aluminium surfaces. To prove a possible correlation between the iron content of an abrasive and the corrosion behaviour of aluminium components, scientific investigations and experimentally practical corrosion tests are necessary. For the current investigation, specimens of a technical Al‐Si alloy from the same batch were used. The test specimens were mechanically ground with various resin‐bonded model abrasives containing different iron contents. The performed corrosion tests did not reveal a negative influence of the different iron‐containing abrasives on the corrosion behaviour of the Al–Si alloy. However, the most sensitive measuring method (electrochemical noise) showed differences in the surface activity depending on the type of abrasive. KW - Aluminium KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion testing KW - Grinding PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-506762 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.202011657 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 71 IS - 10 SP - 1667 EP - 1679 PB - Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-50676 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Müller, Thoralf A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Mietz, Jürgen T1 - Long-term corrosion behaviour of stainless steels in marine atmosphere JF - Materials and Corrosion N2 - Nine different stainless steel alloys were exposed for 5 years under marine environment and their corrosion behaviour was compared and assessed. The investigation of four different surface finishes for all alloys tested further enabled to consider industry-specific features of the surface finish for the material comparison. The results of the exposure tests yield conclusions regarding the influence of alloy composition, surface finish and exposure duration under marine environment. The three duplex stainless steels revealed excellent corrosion resistance even in case of crevices during the 5 years of exposure under the given exposure conditions. Also the molybdenum-alloyed ferritic steel 1.4521 showed good corrosion resistance comparable to the classical austenitic materials 1.4301 and 1.4404. KW - Corrosion KW - Free weathering KW - Marine atmosphere KW - Stainless steels PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201709636 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 69 IS - 1 SP - 20 EP - 28 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-43625 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Mietz, Jürgen T1 - Detection of reinforcement corrosion in reinforced concrete structures by potential mapping: Theory and practice JF - International Journal of Corrosion N2 - Electrochemical potential mapping according to guideline B3 of DGZfP (German Society for Nondestructive Testing) is a recognized technique for the localization of corroding reinforcing steels. In reinforced concrete structures the measured potentials are not necessarily directly linked to the corrosion likelihood of the reinforcing steel. The measured values may be significantly affected, different from, e.g., stress measurement, by different influences on the potential formation at the phase boundary metal/concrete itself as well as the acquisition procedure. Due to the complexity of influencing factors there is a risk that the results are misinterpreted. Therefore, in a training concept firstly the theoretical basics of the test method should be imparted. Then, frequently occurring practical situations of various influencing factors will be made accessible to the participants by a model object specially designed for this purpose. The aim is to impart profound knowledge concerning the characteristics of potential mapping for detecting corrosion of reinforcing steel in order to apply this technique in practice as reliable and economical test method. KW - Corrosion KW - Potential mapping KW - Korrosion KW - Potentialfeldmessung PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3027825 SN - 1687-9333 SN - 1687-9325 VL - 2018 SP - Article 3027825, 1 EP - 6 PB - Hindawi AN - OPUS4-46206 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Babutzka, Martin A1 - Mietz, Jürgen A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Investigation of the salinization of steel surfaces in marine environment JF - Materials and Corrosion N2 - The salinization and contamination of metal surfaces by chloride-containing aerosols is of great importance with regard to corrosion phenomena of damaged coated metal surfaces and stainless steels in the maritime sector and in offshore applications. Detailed questions have to be answered to clarify whether and to what extent salinization of the surface has an influence on the adhesion and durability of coatings in repairing applications and on pitting occurrence on stainless steels under atmospheric conditions. The questions arise which degree of salinization is reached after which period of time and how a defined and reproducible salinization can be simulated in the laboratory for further systematic investigations. The article is dedicated to these questions. Results of a field trial on the Island of Heligoland are presented and a simple procedure for a defined loading of metal surfaces with chlorides at a laboratory scale using a design of experiments (DoE) approach is introduced. KW - Maritime Atmosphäre KW - Versalzung KW - Maritime atmosphere KW - Salinization PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201810636 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 70 IS - 6 SP - 1016 EP - 1025 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-47727 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Fischer, Joachim A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Mietz, Jürgen T1 - Langzeiterfahrungen an einer Gabionenkonstruktion T1 - Long term experiences with a gabion construction JF - Bautechnik N2 - Anhand der hier vorgestellten Untersuchungsergebnisse kann eine umfassende Einschätzung des Korrosionszustands einer Gabionenkonstruktion aus Drähten mit Zink-Aluminium-Überzug nach 20 Jahren Einsatzzeit in Abhängigkeit von unterschiedlichen Expositionsbedingungen vorgenommen werden. Die festgestellten Massenverluste der Zink-Aluminium-Überzüge waren an den Untersuchungspositionen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der verschiedenen Expositionsbedingungen der Probenentnahmestellen, unterschiedlich ausgeprägt. Gabionendrähte, die im direkten Bodenkontakt standen, wiesen dabei die geringsten Restauflagen auf. Atmosphärisch beanspruchte sowie durch Vlies vor direktem Bodenkontakt geschützte Gabionendrähte zeigten dagegen etwas größere Restauflagen. Über den Drahtumfang wurden bei allen untersuchten Drahtproben stark variierende Schichtdicken festgestellt, was offensichtlich herstellungsbedingte Ursachen hat. Die Untersuchungen an der Gabionenkonstruktion haben gezeigt, dass die Annahme einer mittleren linearen Abtragsrate des metallischen Überzugs von 1 mm/a unter den hier untersuchten Bedingungen ein realistischer Wert ist. An Positionen mit direktem Bodenkontakt kann dieser Wert aber deutlich größer ausfallen, sobald sich die Aggressivität des Bodens erhöht. Eine Rotrostbildung war an den Drahtproben nicht feststellbar. KW - Korrosionsschutz KW - Zink-Aluminium-Überzug KW - Gabionen KW - Boden PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.201600030 SN - 0932-8351 VL - 94 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 48 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-38950 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mietz, Jürgen A1 - Burkert, Andreas T1 - Regelwerke für die Werkstoffauswahl und Dauerhaftigkeit von nichtrostenden Stählen für Stahlbauten – Entwicklung und aktueller Stand T1 - Technical regulations for the selection of materials and durability for steel structures - Development and current status JF - Stahlbau N2 - Eine der wesentlichsten Veränderungen der im Oktober 2015 erschienenen Neufassung der DIN EN 1993-1-4 findet sich im Anhang A „Werkstoffauswahl und Dauerhaftigkeit“. Im Gegensatz zur Vorgängerversion ist dieser Anhang jetzt normativ. Mit Hilfe eines Punktesystems, das die wichtigsten Einwirkungsparameter der relevanten Expositionsbedingungen berücksichtigt, wird eine Korrosionsbeständigkeitsklasse ermittelt, mit deren Hilfe man eine geeignete Legierung auswählen kann. Dieses Verfahren bietet eine zuverlässige Methode für Planer auch ohne spezielle Kenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Korrosion bzw. der nichtrostenden Stähle. Die Arbeit geht auch auf Unterschiede sowie Gemeinsamkeiten mit der bisher in Deutschland gültigen allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung Z-30.3.6 ein. KW - Korrosionsschutz KW - Werkstoffauswahl KW - Exposition PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/stab.201710466 SN - 0038-9145 SN - 1437-1049 VL - 86 IS - 3 SP - 279 EP - 286 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-39570 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Mietz, Jürgen T1 - Investigations proofing the passive layer stability of stainless steels JF - Materials and Corrosion N2 - The presented investigations have proved the principal suitability of the KorroPad method to assess the passive layer stability of stainless steels. The electrochemical mode of action could be described in detail and limitations of the applicability have been demonstrated. The influence of different surface finishes has been investigated and verified by known methods for describing corrosion resistances. As a result, the increased corrosion susceptibility of two ground surfaces has been detected, but also the corrosion resistance of further surface finishes could be confirmed. KW - Stainless steel KW - KorroPad KW - Passive layer PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201408202 VL - 1 IS - 67 SP - 84 EP - 91 PB - WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-35545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Burkert, Annette A1 - Mietz, Jürgen A1 - Gümpel, P. T1 - Technical and economical stainless steel alternatives for civil engineering applications JF - Materials and corrosion N2 - Systematic laboratory and field exposure tests allow to compare nine different stainless steels (three ferritic, three austenitic, and three duplex grades) for civil engineering applications. The influence of surface finish was also taken into account by choosing five different industry-specific features. The three duplex stainless steels revealed excellent corrosion resistance under most of the test conditions. Especially for applications in civil engineering the lean duplex steels offer distinct advantages. The manganese-alloyed 1.4376 and the ferritic steel 1.4509 cannot be recommended as alternative materials as they did not perform satisfactorily. KW - Atmospheric corrosion KW - Duplex stainless steels KW - Exposure tests KW - Surface finish PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201307057 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 65 IS - 11 SP - 1080 EP - 1095 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-32350 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Burkert, Annette A1 - Mietz, Jürgen T1 - Damage of stainless steel bars due to atmospheric corrosion JF - Materials and corrosion N2 - In addition to constructional requirements in civil engineering stainless steels often have to fulfil high visual demands. Unexpected impairments of the visual appearance of stainless steels under low corrosive conditions are a widespread problem today. Frequently it is supposed that this is caused by changes in the alloy composition, worse environmental conditions or improper handling. Within a research project the systematic investigation of several cases of damaged stainless steel bars has shown that the reasons are based on well-known material defects like chemical inhomogeneities (e.g. precipitations or local carburization) or geometrical defects (e.g. undercuts, rolling defects or shell formation). Thus, the failures could be clearly identified as production failures of the respective semi-finished products. KW - Atmospheric corrosion KW - EPR test KW - Failure KW - Intercrystalline corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Nichtrostender Stahl KW - Werkstoffauswahl KW - Dauerhaftigkeit KW - Korrosion PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201005701 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 264 EP - 270 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25702 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Burkert, Andreas A1 - Lehmann, Jens A1 - Mietz, Jürgen T1 - Electrochemical investigations on the corrosion behaviour of galvanized reinforcing steels in concrete with chromate-reduced cements JF - Materials and corrosion N2 - The reduction of the chromate contents in cements affects the electrochemical reactions of galvanized reinforcing steels in fresh concrete. By means of electrochemical measurements and bar pull-out tests the effect of chromates on the formation of protective coatings at the zinc and the bond behaviour have been investigated using chromate-containing and chromate-reduced cements. The results have shown that the bond zone was affected as a result of chromate reduction for cement types CEM I and CEM II. The disturbance to the bond zone should be considered as long-term in relation to the pore structure which is formed. The effects on the bond are largely compensated for as the concrete ages. The results of the related bond strength with displacement paths of 0.1 and 0.5?mm, respectively, are still within the range of expected figures for non-galvanized reinforcing steel despite the structural disturbance. Under practical aspects it is not necessary that the existing structural disturbance with respect to bond strength is taken into consideration. KW - Cement KW - Chromate KW - Concrete KW - Electrochemical measurements KW - Galvanized steel KW - Polarization KW - Pull-out tests KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Zinc PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201106311 SN - 0947-5117 SN - 1521-4176 VL - 63 IS - 9 SP - 791 EP - 802 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-26568 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -