TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Piechotta, Christian A1 - Kuhlich, Paul A1 - Schebb, N. H. A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Evaluierung der Biotransformation von Substanzen in verschiedenen Umweltkompartimenten T2 - Forum Junger Umweltwissenschaftlern 2013 CY - Blomberg (North Rhine-Westphalia), Germany DA - 2013-05-27 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28708 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Maskierte Mykotoxine - Relevanz in Lebens- und Futtermitteln T2 - BfR-Seminar CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-06-05 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28709 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Dahmen-Levison, U. A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Mykotoxin-Cleanup mit Spin-Säulen - Evaluierung der Leistungsfähigkeit neuer Zentrifugationssäulen für die Analyse der Trichothecen-Mykotoxine DON, D3G, T2- und HT2-Toxin N2 - Mykotoxine sind toxische, von Schimmelpilzen gebildete Sekundärstoffe und gehören zu den am weitesten verbreiteten Lebensmittelkontaminanten. Trichtothecen-Mykotoxine, produziert von verschiedenen Fusarien-Spezies, sind dabei aufgrund ihrer hohen akuten Toxizität teils im Lebensmittel mit Grenzwerten geregelt oder befinden sich aktuell in einer entsprechenden Diskussion. PY - 2013 SN - 0012-0413 SN - 1869-2214 VL - 109 IS - März SP - 131 EP - 138 PB - Wiss. Verl.-Ges. CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-28697 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kittler, Katrin A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Krumbein, A. A1 - Manzei, S. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Rohn, S. A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Uptake of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in brassica vegetables N2 - Toxin-producing cyanobacterial species are increasingly being found in freshwater systems. However, literature on the impact of many cyanobacterial toxins on plants is scarce. Cylindrospermosin (CYN), a secondary metabolite of cyanobacteria such as Cylindrospermopsis and Aphanizomenon species, is a potent hepatotoxin and protein synthesis inhibitor. Worryingly, CYN is increasingly found in surface and drinking water worldwide causing human and animal intoxications. Further, exposure of crop plants to CYN by irrigation with contaminated water has already been shown. Therefore, in this study, horticulturally important and highly consumed Brassica species were investigated to determine the level of CYN in the leaves after exposure of the roots to the toxin. Treatment of Brassica oleracea var. sabellica, Brassica juncea, and Sinapis alba under varying experimental conditions showed significant CYN uptake, with CYN levels ranging from 10% to 21% in the leaves compared to the CYN concentration applied to the roots (18–35 µg/l). In seedlings, CYN concentrations of up to 49 µg/g fresh weight were observed. Thus, crop plants irrigated with CYN-containing water may represent a significant source of this toxin within the food chain. KW - Cylindrospermopsin KW - Plant systemic availability KW - Cyanobacterial toxin KW - Brassicaceae KW - Exposure source PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.107 SN - 0308-8146 VL - 133 IS - 3 SP - 875 EP - 879 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ; Jena AN - OPUS4-25730 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schebb, N.H. A1 - Franze, B. A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Ranganathan, A. A1 - Hammock, B.D. T1 - In vitro glucuronidation of the antibacterial triclocarban and its oxidative metabolites N2 - Triclocarban (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide; TCC) is widely used as an antibacterial in bar soaps. During use of these soaps, a significant portion of TCC is absorbed by humans. For the elimination from the body, glucuronidation plays a key role in both biliary and renal clearance. To investigate this metabolic pathway, we performed microsomal incubations of TCC and its hydroxylated metabolites 2'-OH-TCC, 3'-OH-TCC, and 6-OH-TCC. Using a new liquid chromatography-UV-mass spectrometry method, we could show a rapid glucuronidation for all OH-TCCs by the uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) present in liver microsomes of humans (HLM), cynomolgus monkeys (CLM), rats (RLM), and mice (MLM). Among the tested human UGT isoforms, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, and UGT1A9 showed the highest activity for the conjugation of hydroxylated TCC metabolites followed by UGT1A1, UGT1A3, and UGT1A10. Due to this broad pattern of active UGTs, OH-TCCs can be efficiently glucuronidated in various tissues, as shown for microsomes from human kidney (HKM) and intestine (HIM). The major renal metabolites in humans, TCC-N-glucuronide and TCC-N'-glucuronide, were formed at very low conversion rates (<1%) by microsomal incubations. Low amounts of N-glucuronides were generated by HLM, HIM, and HKM, as well as by MLM and CLM, but not by RLM, according to the observed species specificity of this metabolic pathway. Among the human UGT isoforms, only UGT1A9 had activity for the N-glucuronidation of TCC. These results present an anomaly where in vivo the predominant urinary metabolites of TCC are N and N'-glucuronides, but these compounds are slowly produced in vitro. KW - 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide KW - Metabolism KW - Glucuronidation PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.111.042283 SN - 0090-9556 SN - 1521-009X VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 31 PB - ASPET CY - Bethesda, Md., USA AN - OPUS4-25731 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Rieß, Stephanie A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Methner, F.-J. A1 - Nehls, Irene T1 - Germination induces the glucosylation of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in various grains N2 - In food, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) often occurs in conjunction with its 3-β-D-glucopyranoside (D3G). The transformation of DON to D3G through glucosylation is catalysed by plant enzymes, however, the exact circumstances are not well understood. In order to investigate the role of enzymatic glucosylation in germinating grains, DON treated kernels were steeped and germinated under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the effect of malting on the DON content of the contaminated barley was investigated. In all cases, DON and its derivatives were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS before, during and after the experiments. Amongst the six tested cereals; wheat, rye, barley, spelt, and millet transformed DON to D3G during germination whilst the oats were inactive. For wheat, barley, and spelt the initial DON content was reduced by 50%, with the loss being almost entirely accounted for by D3G formation. As D3G might be cleaved during digestion, the elevated D3G concentration may obscure the toxicologically relevant DON content in processed food and beer. The germination process has a major influence on the 'masking' of DON, leading to high quantities of D3G that may be missed in common mycotoxin analyses. KW - Mycotoxins KW - Masked mycotoxins KW - Deoxynivalenol (DON) KW - DON-3-glucoside KW - Acetyl-DON KW - Germination KW - Malting PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.077 SN - 0308-8146 VL - 131 IS - 1 SP - 274 EP - 279 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ; Jena AN - OPUS4-25732 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Kittler, Katrin A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Nehls, Irene T1 - Bakterielle Migranten - Algentoxine als neue Herausforderung in der Umweltanalytik N2 - Bioaktive Sekundärstoffe aus Cyanobakterien stellen eine Quelle für pharmazeutisch interessante Wirkstoffkandidaten wie auch eine Herausforderung für die Umwelt- und Lebensmittelanalytik dar. Die Identifizierung ist allerdings nicht trivial. KW - Cyanotoxine KW - Analytik PY - 2011 SN - 0344-1733 SN - 1610-8256 IS - August SP - 56 EP - 58 PB - Vogel CY - Würzburg AN - OPUS4-25733 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dahmen-Levison, U. A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Mykotoxin-Bestimmung - jetzt auch vollautomatisch N2 - Überall, wo sich Schimmel bildet, können hochgiftige Mykotoxine entstehen, besorgniserregende Gifte für Mensch und Tier. Ungefähr ein Viertel der Weltnahrungsproduktion ist mit diesen schädlichen Stoffen infizier!, so die Ernährung- und Landwirtschaftsorganisation FAQ. Lebensmittel wie Getreide, Mais und Nüsse, die in grollen Mengen verarbeitet werden, sind ein idealer Nährboden für die Bildung von Mykotoxinen und können bereits vor der eigentlichen Verarbeitung kontaminiert sein. Eine Kontrolle der Lebensmittellieferungen ist also aus Sicherheitsgründen unerlässlich, denn schon geringe Mengen infizierter Lebensmittel können ganze Bestände vergiften. Aufwendige Laborverfahren, die extern von geschultem Fachpersonal durchgeführt werden und daher mehrere Tage dauern, bedeuten hohe Kosten für die verarbeitende Industrie. Die Aokin AG aus Berlin hat mit der Automatisierung des „aokinmycontrol-Systems den Analyseprozess industrietauglich gemacht. PY - 2011 SN - 0027-2949 VL - 148 IS - 12 SP - 386 EP - 390 PB - Schäfer CY - Detmold AN - OPUS4-25734 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Möller, A. A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - "Maskierte Schimmelpilzgifte" - Relevanz für Bäcker, Brauer und Analytiker T2 - Institutskolloquium des Zentralen Instituts des Sanitätsdienstes der Bundeswehr Kiel CY - Kiel, Germany DA - 2013-04-18 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28781 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Rieß, Stephanie A1 - Müller, Chr. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Methner, F.-J. A1 - Nehls, Irene T1 - Intense formation of "masked mycotoxins" during food processing T2 - 5th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA 2011) CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2011-11-01 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24527 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -