TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Müller, Chr. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Mehtner, F.-J. A1 - Nehls, Irene T1 - Der Keimprozess von Getreide als Auslöser für die Maskierung des Mykotoxins Deoxynivalenol im Lebensmittel T2 - 40. Deutscher Lebensmittelchemikertag 2011 CY - Halle (Saale), Germany DA - 2011-09-12 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24234 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Warth, B. A1 - Kant, Jill-Sandra A1 - Schebb, N.H. A1 - Krska, R. A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Sulyok, M. T1 - Investigation of the hepatic glucuronidation pattern of the fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in various species N2 - Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most abundant mycotoxins contaminating food and feed worldwide. Upon absorption, the major portion of the toxin is excreted by humans and animal species as glucuronide. However, consistent in vitro data on DON glucuronidation are lacking. In the present study, the metabolism of DON was investigated using liver microsomes from humans and six different animal species. It was shown that all animal and human liver microsomes led to the formation of up to three different mono-O-glucuronides with significant interspecies differences. While the activity of human liver microsomes was low (0.8 to 2.2 pmol·min–1·mg–1), bovine liver and rat liver microsomes conjugated DON with activities of 525 pmol·min–1·mg–1 and 80 pmol·min–1·mg–1, respectively. KW - Deoxynivalenol KW - Hepatic metabolism KW - Microsomes KW - Glucuronidation KW - Inter-species comparison PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/tx300348x SN - 0893-228X SN - 1520-5010 VL - 25 IS - 12 SP - 2715 EP - 2717 PB - Soc. CY - Washington, DC, USA AN - OPUS4-27604 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Möller, A. A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Methner, F.-J. A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - "Maskierte" Fusarium-Mykotoxine - Bildung und Auftreten im Lebensmittel T2 - Regionalverbandstagung Nordost der Lebensmitteltechnischen Gesellschaft CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-03-14 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27834 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Schwake-Anduschus, C. A1 - Sciurba, E. A1 - Muenzing, K. A1 - Lindhauer, M. G. T1 - Minimisation of Fusarium Toxins Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone after Harvest T2 - 4th MoniQA International Conference CY - Budapest, Hungary DA - 2013-02-26 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-27837 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Brodehl, Antje A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Mykotoxinkonjugate demaskieren N2 - Wenn in einem Lebensmittel keine Schimmelpilzgifte nachweisbar sind, muss das nicht bedeuten, dass keine enthalten sind. Prozesse der Lebensmittelverarbeitung, etwa das Mälzen in der Brauerei, führen dazu, dass Glucoside oder Sulfate der Toxine entstehen. Sie sind wenig charakterisiert und analytisch bisher kaum fassbar. KW - Mykotoxine KW - Lebensmittel KW - Referenzmaterial KW - ERM PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nadc.201390282 SN - 1439-9598 SN - 1521-3854 VL - 61 IS - 9 SP - 916 EP - 919 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-29614 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald T1 - Target-Analytik mittels LC-MS/MS als Königsweg in der (Myko-)Toxinanalytik? T2 - Lebensmittelchemisches Seminar, Universität Hamburg, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 2010-11-26 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22372 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Siegel, David A1 - Merkel, Stefan A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Nehls, Irene T1 - Determination of mycotoxins in foods: current state of analytical methods and limitations N2 - Mycotoxins are natural contaminants produced by a range of fungal species. Their common occurrence in food and feed poses a threat to the health of humans and animals. This threat is caused either by the direct contamination of agricultural commodities or by a "carry-over" of mycotoxins and their metabolites into animal tissues, milk, and eggs after feeding of contaminated hay or corn. As a consequence of their diverse chemical structures and varying physical properties, mycotoxins exhibit a wide range of biological effects. Individual mycotoxins can be genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and oestrogenic. To protect consumer health and to reduce economic losses, surveillance and control of mycotoxins in food and feed has become a major objective for producers, regulatory authorities and researchers worldwide. However, the variety of chemical structures makes it impossible to use one single technique for mycotoxin analysis. Hence, a vast number of analytical methods has been developed and validated. The heterogeneity of food matrices combined with the demand for a fast, simultaneous and accurate determination of multiple mycotoxins creates enormous challenges for routine analysis. The most crucial issues will be discussed in this review. These are (1) the collection of representative samples, (2) the performance of classical and emerging analytical methods based on chromatographic or immunochemical techniques, (3) the validation of official methods for enforcement, and (4) the limitations and future prospects of the current methods. KW - Mycotoxins and fungal metabolites KW - Food KW - Rapid and validated methods KW - Regulations KW - Sampling KW - Multi-mycotoxin determination PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2535-1 SN - 0175-7598 VL - 86 IS - 6 SP - 1595 EP - 1612 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-21184 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Kulling, S. E. A1 - Nehls, Irene T1 - Vergleich von in-vitro-Metabolismusmodellen mit in vivo-Daten am Beispiel der Rotkleeisoflavone T2 - 39. Deutscher Lebensmittelchemikertag CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2010-09-20 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22323 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merkel, Stefan A1 - Dib, Baha A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Köppen, Robert A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Nehls, Irene T1 - Degradation and epimerization of ergot alkaloids after baking and in vitro digestion N2 - The degradation and epimerization of ergot alkaloids (EAs) in rye flour were investigated after baking cookies and subsequently subjecting them to an in vitro digestion model. Different steps of digestion were analyzed using salivary, gastric, and duodenal juices. The degradation and bidirectional conversion of the toxicologically relevant (R)-epimers and the biologically inactive (S)-epimers for seven pairs of EAs were determined by a HPLC method coupled with fluorescence detection. Baking cookies resulted in degradation of EAs (2–30 %) and a shift in the epimeric ratio toward the (S)-epimer for all EAs. The applied digestion model led to a selective toxification of ergotamine and ergosine, two ergotamine-type EAs. The initial percentage of the toxic (R)-epimer in relation to the total toxin content was considerably increased after digestion of cookies. Ergotamine and ergosine increased from 32 to 51 % and 35 to 55 %, respectively. In contrast, EAs of the ergotoxine type (ergocornine, α- and β-ergocryptine, and ergocristine) showed an epimeric shift toward their biologically inactive (S)-epimers. Further experiments indicated that the selective epimerization of ergotamine EAs occurs in the duodenal juice only. These results demonstrate that toxification of EAs in the intestinal tract should be taken into consideration. KW - HPLC-FLD KW - Claviceps purpurea KW - Rye KW - Ergotoxine KW - Ergotamine KW - Deoxynivalenol KW - Nivalenol KW - Zearalenone KW - Food KW - ERM KW - Quality assurance PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6386-8 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 404 IS - 8 SP - 2489 EP - 2497 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27119 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Sommerschuh, K. A1 - Muny, Th. A1 - Koch, Matthias T1 - Development of an improved in vitro digestion model - influence on apparent zearalenone content in flour T2 - 34. Mycotoxin-Workshop CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2012-05-14 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26043 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -