TY - CONF A1 - Bismarck, A. A1 - Carreyette, S. A1 - Fontana, Q.P.V. A1 - Greenhalgh, E.S. A1 - Jacobsson, P. A1 - Johansson, P. A1 - Marczewski, M.J. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Kucernak, A. A1 - Shaffer, M.S. A1 - Shirshova, N. A1 - Steinke, J.H.G. A1 - Wienrich, Malte T1 - Multifunctional epoxy resin for structural supercapacitors N2 - Polymer-based electrolytes based on commercially available epoxy resins were prepared through the addition of a liquid electrolyte, a solution of a lithium salt in an ionic liquid. The polymer monoliths were characterized using impedance spectroscopy, 3-point bending test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption (BET). The balance of ionic conductivity and flexural modulus is crucially dependent on the relative proportions of epoxy resin to electrolyte. Also the effect of the liquid electrolyte on curing kinetics and processing was assessed by complex viscosity measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Only one out of the three resins investigated exhibited a significant acceleration effect. T2 - ECCM15 - 15th European conference on composite materials CY - Venice, Italy DA - 2012-06-24 KW - Multifunctional epoxy KW - Polymer electrolyte KW - Morphology KW - Ionic liquid PY - 2012 SN - 978-88-88785-33-2 SP - 1 EP - 8(?) AN - OPUS4-28694 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shirshova, N. A1 - Bismarck, A. A1 - Carreyette, S. A1 - Greenhalgh, E.S. A1 - Johansson, P. A1 - Marczewski, M.J. A1 - Jacobsson, P. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Shaffer, M.S.P. A1 - Wienrich, Malte A1 - Steinke, J.H.G. T1 - Correlations between mechanical properties and ionic conduction of structural electrolytes with bicontinuous morphologies N2 - Electrolyte systems that can carry mechanical load while allowing for high levels of ionic conductivity are an important prerequisite for structural power storage devices. Introduction of structural power storage into the variety of consumer products will allow saving in weight and volume. Moreover, using a supercapacitor/battery system in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), the supercapacitor part will extend the battery lifetime by protecting it from the high peak currents. To successfully produce structural power storage requires the development of multifunctional electrolytes where one has to simultaneously maximize mechanical properties and ionic conductivity. T2 - ICCM19 - 19th International conference on composite materials CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 28.07.2013 KW - Structural electrolyte KW - Multifunctional supercapacitor KW - Bicontinuous morphology KW - Epoxy resin KW - Ionic conductivity KW - Mechanical properties PY - 2013 SP - 72 EP - 79 AN - OPUS4-29273 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shirshova, N. A1 - Bismarck, A. A1 - Carreyette, S. A1 - Fontana, Q.P.V. A1 - Greenhalgh, E.S. A1 - Jacobsson, P. A1 - Johansson, P. A1 - Marczewski, M.J. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Kucernak, A.R.J. A1 - Scheers, J. A1 - Shaffer, M.S.P. A1 - Steinke, J.H.G. A1 - Wienrich, Malte T1 - Structural supercapacitor electrolytes based on bicontinuous ionic liquid-epoxy resin systems N2 - 'Structural electrolytes' retain the desirable mechanical characteristics of structural (epoxy) resins whilst introducing sufficient ionic conductivity to operate as electrolytes in electrochemical devices. Here, a series of ionic liquid–epoxy resin composites were prepared to identify the optimum system microstructure required to achieve a high level of multifunctionality. The ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability and morphology of the cured epoxy based structural electrolytes were studied as a function of phase composition for three fully formulated high performance structural epoxy systems. At only 30 wt% of structural resin and 70 wt% of ionic liquid based electrolyte, stiff monolithic plaques with thicknesses of 2–3 mm were obtained with a room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.8 mS cm-1 and a Young's modulus of 0.2 GPa. This promising performance can be attributed to a long characteristic length scale spinodal microstructure, suggesting routes to further optimisation in the future. KW - Epoxy KW - Ionic liquid KW - Supercapacitor PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta13163g SN - 2050-7496 SN - 2050-7488 VL - 1 IS - 48 SP - 15300 EP - 15309 PB - RSC CY - London [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-29735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shirshova, N. A1 - Bismarck, A. A1 - Greenhalgh, E.S. A1 - Johansson, P. A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Marczewski, M.J. A1 - Shaffer, M.S.P. A1 - Wienrich, Malte T1 - Composition as a means to control morphology and properties of epoxy based dual-phase structural electrolytes N2 - Structural electrolytes were prepared using a fully formulated commercially available high performance epoxy resin (MTM57) and an ionic liquid based electrolyte: lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM-TFSI). Through a systematic study, the composition of the formulations was found to have a greater effect than the curing temperature on the morphology and properties of the resulting structural electrolytes. The presence of lithium salt is essential to form a structurally homogeneous electrolyte. Bicontinuous morphologies containing continuous (coarse) epoxy networks surrounded by connected spherical epoxy nodules were obtained with different length scales upon varying the lithium salt concentration. Increasing the LiTFSI concentration improved the miscibility of MTM57 with the electrolyte and decreased the characteristic length scale of the resulting bicontinuous microstructure. The properties of the structural electrolytes correlated with the morphology, showing increased Young’s modulus and decreased ionic conductivity with increasing lithium salt concentration. The miscibility of the epoxy system with the electrolyte was also improved by substitution of EMIM-TFSI with an equal weight of an aprotic organic solvent, propylene carbonate (PC); however, the window of PC concentrations which resulted in structural electrolytes with bicontinuous microstructures was very narrow; at PC concentrations above 1 wt %, gel-like polymers with no permanent mesoporosity were obtained. KW - Functional composites KW - Mechanical properties KW - Elastic properties KW - Epoxy KW - Morphology KW - Electrolyte PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp507952b SN - 1932-7447 SN - 1089-5639 VL - 118 IS - 49 SP - 28377 EP - 28387 PB - Soc. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-34565 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -