TY - JOUR A1 - Mantouvalou, I. A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Lühl, Lars A1 - Pagels, M. A1 - Malzer, W. A1 - Kanngiesser, B. T1 - 3D Micro-XRF for cultural heritage objects: new analysis strategies for the investigation of the Dead Sea scrolls N2 - A combination of 3D micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (3D micro-XRF) and micro-XRF was utilized for the investigation of a small collection of highly heterogeneous, partly degraded Dead Sea Scroll parchment samples from known excavation sites. The quantitative combination of the two techniques proves to be suitable for the identification of reliable marker elements which may be used for classification and provenance studies. With 3D micro-XRF, the three-dimensional nature, i.e. the depth-resolved elemental composition as well as density variations, of the samples was investigated and bromine could be identified as a suitable marker element. It is shown through a comparison of quantitative and semiquantitative values for the bromine content derived using both techniques that, for elements which are homogeneously distributed in the sample matrix, quantification with micro-XRF using a one-layer model is feasible. Thus, the possibility for routine provenance studies using portable micro-XRF instrumentation on a vast amount of samples, even on site, is obtained through this work. KW - Archaeometry KW - 3D X-ray spectroscopy PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac2011262 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 83 IS - 16 SP - 6308 EP - 6315 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-25209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Kanngießer, B. A1 - Malzer, W. A1 - Mantouvalou, I. A1 - Schade, U. A1 - Masic, Admir A1 - Weinberg, G. T1 - Non-destructive investigation of the dead sea scrolls N2 - The Dead Sea Scrolls belong to the most important cultural assets of mankind. Their long term preservation and study is a challenge that demands an interdisciplinary approach. As early as the 1950s natural scientists assisted the scholars in studying the scrolls. It was at this time that the first extensive study of the scroll material took place. It was found that most fragments were written not on leather but on parchment. In addition, a method for determining the age of the parchment was developed which is still of value today. In the 1990s the AMS-C14 method confirmed the palaeographic determination of the age of the manuscripts. The use of carbon ink throughout the scrolls is also consistent with the known scribal practices of that time. There are, however, manuscripts, and among them the famous Genesis Apocryphon Scroll, which exhibit ink corrosion, normally associated with iron-gall inks. Today, 60 years after their discovery, a community of scientists from the Jewish National and University Library (JNUL), the Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin), the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) and Fritz-Haber-Institute of the MPG (FHI) set out to scientifically investigate the finds of Qumran using the most modern methods. The results of the study will be used to determine the provenance of the texts as well as to contribute to their long-term preservation. A considerable part of the non-destructive investigation is taking place in the Berlin State Library and at the Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung , BESSY II. Preliminary investigations, performed at the BAM on some fragments, were used to evaluate the extent to which X-ray analytical methods can provide information regarding the geographical origin of the fragments and match the individual pieces. The interpretation of the measurement results is made more difficult by age and storage of the objects. It is believed that ageing processes as well as conservation methods have altered the samples in addition to the changes caused by environmental influences. In collaboration with the TU Berlin, the samples from the parchments found in the caves near Qumran were tested by means of three-dimensional synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence analysis (3D-SyXRF). The aim of this non-destructive investigation was the identification of the inorganic material used in the manufacture of the parchments. The XRF experiments are supported by the non-destructive analysis by means of synchrotron based infrared spectroscopy (SyFTIR) in collaboration with BESSY II as well as optical and electron microscopy in collaboration with Fritz-Haber-Institute (FHI). T2 - Art 2008, 9th International Conference CY - Jerusalem, Israel DA - 2008-05-25 KW - Cultural heritage KW - Archaeometry KW - Micro-XRF KW - Quantification KW - Parchment KW - DSS PY - 2008 IS - CD-ROM SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - ISAS International Seminars CY - Jerusalem, Israel AN - OPUS4-17547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mantouvalou, I. A1 - Lange, K. A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Grötzsch, D. A1 - Lühl, Lars A1 - Haschke, M. A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Kanngießer, B. T1 - A compact 3D micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with X-ray tube excitation for archaeometric applications N2 - In this work, the applicability of a new 3D micro X-ray fluorescence (3D Micro-XRF) laboratory spectrometer for the investigation of historical glass objects is demonstrated. The non-destructiveness of the technique and the possibility to measure three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence renders this technique into a suitable tool for the analysis of cultural heritage objects. Although absorption and resolution effects complicate qualitative analysis of the data, layered structures can be distinguished from homogeneous samples without the need for full quantification. Different manufacturing techniques were studied in this work with the help of hand-made reference samples. With the gained knowledge it could be shown for the investigated historical glass object, that black enamel as a stained glass contour colour was used in a cold painting. The object was not fired after the application of the black enamel, but instead the adhesion of the paint was solely provided through organic binding agents and the backing with metal foils. Thus, for the manufacturing of the object, a mixture of cold painting technique with a stained glass color was used. Quantitative measurements with a 3D Micro-XRF setup at the Berlin synchrotron BESSY II confirm the assumptions drawn on the basis of the qualitative investigation with the 3D Micro-XRF spectrometer with X-ray tube excitation. KW - 3D micro XRF KW - Archaeometry KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Cultural heritage PY - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/b915912f SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 25 SP - 554 EP - 561 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-20878 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rabin, Ira A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Wolff, Timo A1 - Mantouvalou, I. A1 - Kanngießer, B. A1 - Weinberg, G. T1 - Material studies on the Dead Sea scrolls T2 - Conference "Preservation and access of monuments of culture and history: modern approaches" CY - Saint Petersburg, Russia DA - 2009-10-20 KW - Dead Sea scrolls KW - Archaeometry KW - Restoration and conservation science KW - Cultural heritage KW - Writing materials PY - 2009 SP - 122 EP - 129 AN - OPUS4-23177 LA - rus AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Margreiter, R. A1 - Baumann, J. A1 - Mantouvalou, I. A1 - Radtke, Martin A1 - Reinholz, Uwe A1 - Strub, E. T1 - Investigations on fire-gilding N2 - Fire-gilding is a historic technique for the application of golden layers on a number of different base materials utilizing a gold amalgam. This technique leaves a significant amount of Hg in the golden layer, giving archeometrists a reliable indicator to identify firegildings. Recent findings on presumably fire-gilded objects have shown in several cases significantly lower Hg content than previously studied objects. This prompted a synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence investigation into the Hg distribution along the material–gilding interface, as well as a series of measurements regarding the Hg content development in fire-gilded samples during artificial aging. This work presents findings on laboratory-prepared fire-gildings, indicating an Hg enrichment at the interface of firegilded silver samples. Notably, such an enrichment is missing in fire-gilded copper samples. Further, it is confirmed that fire-gilded layers typically do not undercut an Hg bulk content of 5%. In this light, it seems improbable that ancient samples that contain <5% Hg are fire-gilded. The results presented in this study might lead to a non-destructive method to identify the Hg enrichment at the interface. This might be obtained by a combination of different non-destructive measurements and might also work unambiguously in samples in which the gold top layer is altered. KW - BAMline KW - X-Ray Fluorescence KW - Gilding KW - Depth profile KW - Archaeometry PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-552885 SN - 0003-813X SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Wiley online library AN - OPUS4-55288 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -