TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Implementation and current situation of introducing the Directives 97/23/EC in the German legislaton T2 - Seminar on the Technical Regulation on the Pressure Vessels" des Romanian Ministry of Industry and Ressources CY - Bucharest, Romania DA - 2001-09-30 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-6011 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Probability of Fatigue of Carbon-Fibre Windings - Tests and Calculation Models Researching Input data for Pressure Vessel Optimization T2 - 7th Cz/Ger Symposium 1999 (Proceedings) CY - Liblice, Czech Republic DA - 1999-04-13 PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-11588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Salvage pressure receptacles - Technical background N2 - The presentation reflects the questions that have been raised by member states and NGOs. As background information details on the question how to choose a suitable salvage pressure receptacle (SPR) are provided. This leads to the need for deleting the volume limitation for SPRs and to the discussions in 2014 and 2016 on this issue. As an adequate substitution for deleting the volume limit for SPRs it is proposed to limit the pressure receptacles to be stored in by a maximum pressure-volume-value of 1.5 Mio bar-litres. After some explanations to standardisation projects currently also tackling this pV-limit, some risk-based safety criteria for a limitation are mentioned with the focus of the consequence level and the general avoidance of catastrophic worst case scenarios. T2 - 57th session of TDG Sub-Committee CY - Online meeting DA - 30.11.2020 KW - Salvage pressure receptacle KW - Consequence KW - Catastrophe KW - Compressed gas PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-53161 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Thomas, Sebastian T1 - Consequences of the reduced minimum burst pressure on the production surveillance N2 - First the acceptance rates resulting from the analysis of different minimum burst ratios and standards are displayed and explained. Especially the problems resulting from a further reduction if the minimum burst ratio are shown. For a better understanding of these results the process of analysing the acceptance rate is explained in detail. This contains the alleged contradiction between safety of samples due to its scatter while the rejected sample provides a higher mean strength. Then the importance of batch testing is explained and leads to the recommendation to have a strong interaction between provided mean strength and requested maximum of production scatter. T2 - 8 th WG on rev GTR 13 CY - Online meeting DA - 02.03.2020 KW - Minimum burst ratio KW - Production scatter KW - Mean burst pressure KW - Batch testing KW - Acceptance rate PY - 2020 AN - OPUS4-53147 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Bock, Robert T1 - Burst strength and its scatter as key points of safety N2 - Based on the preliminary presentations in this task force it is repeated how a basic population scatters and its degradation influences properties statistically. There is a remainder on the issue of accepting borderline populations due to the minimum burst ratio requirement. Then it is explained in detail how the analysis of minimum requirements by a Monte-Carlo-simulation works. The result with respect to the further reduced minimum burst ratio of 2.0 is summarised and means a two-step approach of two scatter levels requiring two different minimum burst ratios. The methods for evaluating batch tests are analysed. A proposal for integration a statistical analysis is described in detail. Finally, the positive effect of proof testing is shown and its dependence from the real ageing is shown. This ends in the recommendation to have a stronger and quantitative look on real ageing and to follow the 2 proposed sets of criteria for a safe usage of hydrogen storage systems. T2 - 10th IWG on rev GTR 13 CY - Online meeting DA - 28.06.2021 KW - Basic population KW - Minimum burst ratio KW - Monte-Carlo-simulation KW - Borderline population KW - Batch test KW - Proof test KW - Ageing PY - 2021 UR - https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/128419731/GTR13-10-08%20BAM%20GTR%2013-2%20scatter%20criteria%20for%20min%20burst%202021-06-25.pdf?api=v2 AN - OPUS4-53149 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Widjaja, Martinus Putra A1 - Joannes, S. A1 - Bunsell, A. A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Thionnet, A. T1 - Modelling an Improved NOL Ring Test Using a Reduced Volume Method for the Characterisation of composite Cylinders N2 - The reduced volume method has found a particular zone to be used for evaluating the strength of unidirectional composite materials. To validate the method, modelling an experimental test where it has the same basic assumption of the model had been carried out. The result was favourable as the model can predict the average value from the experiment and also the time dependent effect. T2 - The 22nd International Conference on Composite Materials CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 11.08.2019 KW - NOL Ring test KW - Multiscale model KW - Reduced Volume Method KW - Composite pressure vessels KW - Fibre break PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48929 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Concept of a Probabilistic Approval Approach (PAA) N2 - This presentation explains how an PA-based approval concept could work and would substitute the most of deterministic requirements based on a risk based quantification of accepted failure rates. The concept of a probabilistic approval approach is based on 5 separate types of requirements: 1. Testing and evaluation of properties at Beginning of Life (BoL) 2. Artificial aging with residual strength assessment 3. Testing against dedicated accidental loads 4. Surveillance of production quality 5. Surveillance of degradation/ check of estimated end of life (EoL) Each of these aspects is visualised by photos and diagrams. T2 - FiBreMoD Training Unit #5 CY - BAM-FB, Berlin, Germany DA - 04.10.2017 KW - Beginning of life KW - End of safe service life KW - Artificial ageing KW - Design type testing KW - Accidental loads KW - Survaillance of degradation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43111 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Tasks and needs of a competent authority for gas storage N2 - This presentation provides an impression of the boundary condition of the work on composite cylinders on a competent authority. It shows the various kinds of usage, the different tasks and duties around this kind of storage units and the wide spread of technical competence necessary for the substantial research when addressing the legislation. Based on this it shows how we react on changes in the regulations by research and how this influences the regulations, again. As an example, our probabilistic approach is mentioned and drafted for getting mentioned several times during the ongoing set of presentations. T2 - FiBreMoD Training Unit #5 CY - BAM-FB, Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2017 KW - Advisement KW - Frequency KW - Consequence KW - Safety assessment KW - NDT PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43085 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Becker, Ben A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - John, Sebastian T1 - Composite storage systems for CGH2- systematic improvement of RC&S N2 - Conventional approval requirements exclusively ask for minimum strength values, which have to be met. The probabilistic approach estimates how likely none of the comparatively manufactured units fails during operation. Both questions are juxtaposed and compared here with respect to the load cycle tests. The influence of the sample sizes is discussed additionally. T2 - 10th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CY - Bled, Slovenia DA - 27.06.2017 KW - Probabilistic KW - Hydrogen KW - Composite KW - Cylinder KW - Regulations KW - Load cycles KW - GTR 13 PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41677 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Hydrogen as Energy carrier – Contributions to safety assessement of storage systems N2 - The introduction reflects the political background in Germany and worldwide concerning hydrogen as energy carrier. This leads to available hydrogen strategies and the reaction of BAM by launching the competence centre H2Safety@BAM. Fokus is set on the competence area TestCert, the special role of the division “Safety of Gas Storage Systems” there and its increasing success in research activities. The main part explains the needs for a risk-controlled market ramp-up concerning hydrogen products and appropriate measures being under development in division 3.5: risk control, tools for consequence estimation and limitation, probabilistic assessment of end of safe life, the efficiency assessment and optimization of current regulations, the structural health monitoring (SHM) with necessary improvement of measures for quality management in the digital world of safety assessment. Last but not least, the wide range of full-scale testing and simulation of worst-case scenarios is explained. T2 - Colloquium zu Antrittsvortrag Leitung Sicherheit von Gasspeichern CY - Online meeting DA - 20.08.2021 KW - H2Safety@BAM KW - Markthochlauf KW - Lebensdauervorhersage KW - statistische Bewertung KW - Risikosteuerung PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54617 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - John, Sebastian A1 - Szczepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Burst strength as safetycriteria for type 4 composite pressure vessels N2 - Safety aspects of the storage containments of hydrogen are independent from the kind of usage: The main criteria is the resistance against the pressure load. On the 2nd level there are aspects specific to the usage as e.g. crash loads etc. Safety is achieved when the probability (frequency) of a failure during the service life is acceptable! But an aspect common for all usages is the scatter of properties resulting from the material and the production. Therefore, it is worth to have a look on the current approach of minimum burst ratios from an unknown point of view: the basic populations of a product – based on exemplarily assessments. According to this approach, several diagrams with Monte-Carlo generated basic populations in new and aged conditions have been shown. Thus, it has been demonstrated that not the conditions at the begin of life are the critical ones. No, the end of life properties are the critical ones. This has been combined with the acceptance rate of borderline basic populations. The approach of minimum burst ratios leads to the acceptance rate of 40 % and higher for the approval of critical basic populations – critical due to their production scatter. This problem becomes much more critical when taking into account the unknown effects of degradation and in-service ageing. Therefore, we cannot support the proposed reduction of minimum burst ratio without having a stronger assessment of production scatter. T2 - 7. Sitzung der UN-ECE WP.29 Taskforce Revision der GTR 13 CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 06.11.2019 KW - Minimum burst ratio KW - Basic population KW - Scatter KW - Monte-Carlo experiment KW - Maximum service pressure KW - Production scatter KW - Failure rate PY - 2019 UR - https://wiki.unece.org/display/trans/GTR13-2-7th+session AN - OPUS4-50095 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Saul, Herbert A1 - Wang, Bin T1 - Safety criteria for the transport of hydrogen in permanently mounted composite pressure vessels N2 - The recent growing of the net of hydrogen fuelling stations increases the demands to transport compressed hydrogen on road by tube-trailers in composite pressure vessels. As transport regulation the ADR is applicable in Europe and adjoined regions and used for national transport in EU. This regulation provides requirements based on the burst pressure of each individual pressure vessel, regardless the capabilities of the transported hydrogen and relevant consequences resulting from worst case scenarios. In 2012, BAM (German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) introduced consequence-dependent requirements and established them in national requirements concerning the “UN service life checks” etc.) to consider the transported volume and pressure of gases. However, this results in a stringent requirement in case of using large pressure vessels (tubes) on tube-trailers. In the studies presented here, the key safety factors for using hydrogen trailers are identified and reviewed through some safety measures from some countries like Japan, USA and China. Subsequently, the risk, chance, failure consequences of using trailers are evaluated, in addition, the difficulties for approving huge pressure vessels (large tubes) are addressed. There, a maximum acceptable pressure-volume product is defined. Finally, a performance-based criterion for the balance of chance and risk of hydrogen trailers is suggested to add into regulations and consequently into standards for hydrogen trailers. T2 - ICHS (International Conference on Hydrogen Safety) 2019 CY - Adelaide, Australia DA - 24.09.2019 KW - Battery vehicle KW - Pressure-volume product KW - Maximum acceptable consequence KW - Catastrophe KW - F-N-curve KW - Pressure wave PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-50088 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Minimum safety requirement for CGH2-pressure receptacles: 2nd FDIS ISO 17519 N2 - Der Vortrag fasst alle Bedenken sicherheitstechnischer Art zusammen, die den DIN bewogen haben, ein ISO-Projekt zu extrem großen Gas-/Wasserstofftransporteinheiten abzulehnen. Kernpunkt ist das mit dem Skope des Normprojektes durch Druck- und Volumenerhöhung gegenüber dem heutigen Stand der Technik erheblich angestiegene Konsequenzpotential. Gleichzeitig fehlt ein Ansatz, den von der Konsequenz bis zum kritischen Niveau einer Katastrophe abhängigen Zuverlässigkeitsanforderungen Rechnung zu tragen. N2 - The presentation summarizes all the safety concerns that have led DIN to reject an ISO project about extremely large gas/hydrogen transport units. The core point is the consequence potential, which has increased considerably with the scope of the standardization project in comparison with state of the art systems. At the same time, there is a lack of an approach to take into account the reliability requirements that depend on the consequences, at least up to the level of a catastrophe. T2 - Sitzung des NA 016 DIN-Normenausschuss Druckgasanlagen (NDG) Arbeitskreis Compositeflaschens mit Gästen aus den USA (Convenor) CY - DIN, Berlin, Germany DA - 10.01.2019 KW - Acceptance of a standard KW - Tube trailer KW - Pressure-volume-product KW - Catastrophic consequence KW - Safety goal PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-47280 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Günzel, Stephan A1 - Bock, Robert T1 - The maximum acceptable consequence limit as a control instrument N2 - The presentation starts with the first agreement of making a national attempt for the introduction of a pV-limit for hydrogen transport. It explains aspects of the technical development, provides an impression of catastrophic incidents, and explains the difference between risk control and consequence limitation. Then the process of determining consequences and the result from the discussion at the UN-WG are explained. The next part summarises the approach for counting the number of impacted persons as a function of the model of pressure wave, the pressure peak, the limits of injured persons and the population density. Finally, the latest state of the discussion and the subsequent recommendations for a pV-value and the adequate phrases for explanation are introduced. T2 - 29th BAM-DIN-IGV-DVFG-Meeting CY - Online meeting DA - 23.02.2022 KW - Hydrogen KW - Pressure recepacles KW - Consequence limit KW - Risk control KW - Population density KW - Pressure wave PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-54608 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - In-service degradation - a lack of knowledge N2 - The slides explain different meanings and aspects of degradation; the relevant slides show effects to be measured by destructive tests and their graphical evaluation in SPCs T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders from Mass Production CY - BAM Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Artifical aging KW - Gaseous filling KW - Combined distribution KW - Extrapolation of degradation KW - Confidence level KW - End of life PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38954 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Saul, Herbert T1 - UN-service life checks by statistical methods N2 - This slides explain the functionality and the procedure of the UN-service life checks as they are operated by BAM as German authority. These are based on the probabilistic approach including evaluation of current safety level and its comparison with assessments of different status of degrdation including extrapolation towards end of safe service life. The similarity to the approach for determiantion of retest periods by BAM is explained. T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders from Mass Production CY - BAM-Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Life time determination KW - UN-service life check KW - Periodic insepction KW - Trace of degradation KW - Acceptance of failure rates PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38955 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - The sample performance chart & its use for the display of degradation N2 - Display and graphical interpretation of statistically evaluated sample properties; Including assessment of degradation respectivelly aging T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders from Mass Production CY - BAM Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Sample performance chart KW - Mean strength KW - Scatter value KW - Degradation PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38952 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg T1 - Potential of PA - Aspects related to battery-vehicles N2 - While concluding the previous presentations, it is explained why and how a statistical approach, in general, and in the meaning of the UN-service life, in detail, would help to improve safety and economic aspects of hydrogen supply by trailer vehicles. T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders from Mass Production CY - BAM-Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Hydrogen energy KW - Storage and transport KW - Efficiency in transportation KW - Hydraulic proof testing KW - Sample testing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38956 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Duffner, Eric A1 - Saul, Herbert A1 - Schoppa, André A1 - Becker, Ben A1 - Scholz, Irene A1 - Sczcepaniak, Mariusz T1 - Step by step assessment of test results from composite cylinders N2 - Repetition of the main aspects about the assessment of sample test results of the 1st and 2nd workshop on statistical safety assessment T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders from Mass Production CY - BAM Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Cycle strength KW - Slow burst test KW - Statisitcal evaluation KW - GAUSSian net PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38951 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mair, Georg A1 - Scholz, Irene A1 - Saul, Herbert T1 - Summary - Recollection and common anaylsis N2 - The set of slides summarises the expectations of participants discussed during the opening session. Then the most important aspects of the presentations during the first two days are compiled. At the end the conclusions coming out of a joint discussion are presented. This show what participants expect BAM to do for implementation of the PA in near future. T2 - Follow-up Workshop on Statistical Safety Assessment of Composite Cylinders from Mass Production CY - BAM-Berlin, Germany DA - 05.10.2016 KW - Life time determination KW - Determination of periodic inspection KW - Probabilistic approval approach KW - Degradation KW - Monte-Carlo-experiment KW - Failure rate-pressureVolume-curve KW - Acceptance rate KW - Complexity of PA KW - Industrial needs PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38958 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -