TY - RPRT A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, Werner T1 - Mineralogische und chemisch-physikalische Auswirkungen der Permeation von Kohlenwasserstoffen in Kombinationsdichtungen und -dichtwänden N2 - Zur Sicherung von Deponien und Altlasten mit dem Ziel eines langfristig wirksamen Grundwasserschutzes werden seit Mitte der 80er Jahre Kombinationsdichtungen (Verbund aus Kunststoffdichtungsbahn und mineralischen Dichtschichten) eingesetzt. Um deren Langzeitbeständigkeit auch unter extremen Bedingungen bewerten zu können, wurden Permeationsmesszellen, welche die Verhältnisse in der Deponie nachstellen und über einen Zeitraum von 12 Jahren mit einem Mehrkomponentengemisch konzentrierter organischer Verbindungen beaufschlagt worden waren, zerlegt und die Auswirkungen der Schadstoffpermeation auf die Abdichtungsmaterialien untersucht. Schwerpunkte der hier vorgestellten Arbeiten waren Untersuchungen: - zur Auswirkung der Permeation des Gemisches an organischen Verbindungen auf die Eigenschaften der Kunststoffdichtungsbahn, - zur vertikalen Verteilung der organischen Verbindungen in den mineralischen Dichtungen, - zu Veränderungen mineralogischer, mikromorphologischer und bodenmechanischer Eigenschaften der mineralischen Dichtungsmaterialien, - zu mikrobiellen Aktivitäten in den mineralischen Dichtungen. Daneben wurden Stofftransportparameter bestimmt und eine Modellierung des Stofftransportes durchgeführt. Die verschiedenen untersuchten Materialien der Kombinationsdichtungen erwiesen sich unter den extremen Bedingungen als ein stabiles und effizientes Abdichtungssystem. T3 - BAM Forschungsberichtreihe - 251 PY - 2002 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-1991 SN - 978-3-89701-731-8 SN - 0938-5533 VL - 251 SP - 1 EP - 198 PB - Wirtschaftsverlag NW CY - Bremerhaven AN - OPUS4-199 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Jakob, Ines ED - Cancelli, A. T1 - Comparison of oxidation stability of various geosynthetics T2 - Proceedings of the Second European Geosynthetics Conference T2 - 2nd European Geosynthetics Conference ; 2nd EuroGeo 2000 CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 2000-10-15 KW - Oxidation KW - Durability KW - Geomembrane KW - Geotextiles KW - Testing PY - 2000 SN - 88-555-2560-3 VL - 1 SP - 449 EP - 455 PB - Pàtron CY - Bologna AN - OPUS4-901 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Werner T1 - Kunststoff-Dränmatten im Deponiebau - Teil 1: Eigenschaften und Beurteilung JF - Die Bautechnik PY - 2002 SN - 0005-6820 SN - 1437-0999 SN - 0341-1052 SN - 0932-6359 SN - 0932-8351 VL - 79 IS - 3 SP - 178 EP - 192 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1319 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Werner T1 - Prüfung und Bemessung von Kunststoff-Dränmatten T2 - 18. Fachtagung - Die sichere Deponie - Sicherung von Deponien und Altlasten mit Kunststoffen T2 - 18. Fachtagung "Die Sichere Deponie" CY - Würzburg, Deutschland DA - 2002-02-14 PY - 2002 UR - http://www.deponie-stief.de/pdf/fachlit_pdf/2002skz_mueller.pdf IS - 18 SP - F1 EP - F13 PB - SKZ CY - Würzburg AN - OPUS4-1301 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Werner ED - Knipschild, F. T1 - Eignungsnachweis für Kunststoff-Dränelemente in Oberflächenabdichtungen T2 - 20. Fachtagung - Die sichere Deponie - Sicherung von Deponien und Altlasten mit Kunststoffen T2 - 20. Fachtagung "Die sichere Deponie" CY - Würzburg, Deutschland DA - 2004-02-26 KW - Kunststoff-Dränelemente KW - Eignungsnachweis KW - Langzeitverhalten KW - Oberflächenabdichtungen PY - 2004 SP - G1 EP - G12 PB - SKZ CY - Würzburg AN - OPUS4-3221 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Werner T1 - Langzeit-Scherfestigkeit von Bentonitmatten und Kunststoff-Dränmatten T2 - Fachtagung "Deponietechnik 2003 - Abschluss und Sicherung von Deponien in Sachsen-Anhalt" T2 - Fachtagung "Deponietechnik 2003 - Abschluss und Sicherung von Deponien in Sachsen-Anhalt" CY - Halle (Saale), Deutschland DA - 2003-05-22 PY - 2003 SP - C1 EP - C12 AN - OPUS4-2524 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Berger, Wolfgang T1 - Diffusion and sorption of organic contaminants in compacted soils T2 - Contaminated soil 2000 T2 - 7th International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil ; 7th ConSoil 2000 CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 2000-09-18 PY - 2000 SN - 0-7277-2954-3 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Telford CY - London AN - OPUS4-755 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Eckardt, Jürgen A1 - Müller, Werner ED - Srodo´n, J. T1 - Transport of concentrated hydrocarbons within base liner systems T2 - Program with abstracts T2 - 9th Conference of the European Clay Groups Association (Euroclay) CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 1999-09-04 KW - Hydrocarbon PY - 1999 SP - 1 CY - Kraków AN - OPUS4-750 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Jakob, Ines T1 - Oxidative resistance of high-density polyethylene geomembranes JF - Polymer degradation and stability N2 - Data are reported from oven aging in air for more than 13 years (!) and from water immersion tests for 6 years at 80 °C on various high-density polyethylene geomembranes (GM) used in landfill lining. The mechanical properties and oxidative induction times (OIT) of the samples were monitored during the long-term testing. Aging behavior in hot air is different from that in hot water. During oven aging a slow, exponential decrease of OIT is observed. Even after 13.6 years there is no indication of an oxidative degradation of the mechanical properties. During immersion in water a strong reduction in OIT occurs within the first year, after which time the curve levels off. Oxidation starts when very low OIT-values are reached after about 5 years at which time the mechanical strength rapidly falls to values below the yield point. We conclude from these data that the service life of HDPE GM's is essentially determined by the slow loss of stabilizers due to migration. The oxidation starts only after the depletion of antioxidants and then quickly leads to brittleness of the sample. However, no complete oxidative deterioration has been observed to date. We estimate by the van't Hoff rule that under normal ambient conditions many centuries will have to pass before the functional mechanical properties of state-of-the-art stabilized HDPE bulk material will be reduced below acceptable limits by oxidative degradation. KW - Durability KW - HDPE geomembrane KW - Oxidation KW - Oxidative resistance testing PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00269-0 SN - 0141-3910 SN - 1873-2321 VL - 79 IS - 1 SP - 161 EP - 172 PB - Applied Science Publ. CY - London AN - OPUS4-2134 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Büttgenbach, Beate A1 - Jakob, Ines A1 - Mann, Heidemarie T1 - Comparison of the oxidative resistance of various polyolefin geotextiles JF - Geotextiles and Geomembranes N2 - Data are reported from oven aging in circulating air and water immersion tests at 80°C on various polyolefin (polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP)) needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles (GTnws) and the results of these long-term tests are compared with the oxidative resistance of high-density PE geomembranes (HDPE GMs) described in a preceding paper (Polym. Degr. Stability 79(1) (2003) 161). Polyolefin fibers used in geotextiles are typically less stabilized, have a very high surface-to-volume ratio and an oriented morphology compared with HDPE GMs. Therefore, significant differences in the oxidation behavior of these products are expected which may affect their durability. Two general results can be obtained from our measurements: Firstly, while the lifetime of the HDPE GM is essentially determined by the slow loss of stabilizers, for all GTnws a rapid reduction in the oxidative induction time (OIT) and, as we conclude, in the amount of stabilizer was observed during water immersion and air aging. Secondly, the mechanical property degradation of the GTnws depended strongly on the oxidation conditions: the induction period prior to the degradation was much longer for immersion in water than for oven aging in circulating air. After antioxidant depletion, an induction time of the oxidation reaction, which depends on the draw ratio of the stretched fibers and the oxygen supply, might substantially contribute to the induction period of the mechanical property degradation of GTnws. For one PP GTnw product, a sudden reduction in the mechanical strength occurred after onset of degradation which continued rapidly until complete deterioration. For other PP samples as well as for all PE GTnws the reduction in mechanical strength proceeded slowly. Best fits were obtained by modeling the degradation process of the PE GTnws by a second-order kinetic. Using an activation energy of 60 kJ/mol (Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1990; Conference Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics, Industrial Fabrics Association International (IFAI), Atlanta, USA, 1998, pp. 683–690; Clay Geosynthetic Barriers, Balkema, Lisse, The Netherlands, 2002, pp. 87–96), lower limits of the half-live of the degradation at worst case field conditions were obtained in the range 30–83 years. Some decades have to be added for the overall induction time. However, under field conditions with limited oxygen supply, the expected service lifetime might be at least half an order of magnitude longer. KW - Durability KW - Geotextile KW - Oxidative resistance KW - Test methods KW - Long-term testing PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00032-3 SN - 0266-1144 VL - 21 SP - 289 EP - 315 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2632 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -