TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - On the corrosion mechanism of CO2 transport pipeline steels caused by impurities: roles of each impure components and benchmarks N2 - Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) has been proposed as a promising technology for the mitigation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere from fossil-fuel-operated power generation plants. As the reliability and cost effectiveness of the pipeline transport network is crucial to the overall operability and resilience of the CCUS system, it is vital to realize the possible corrosion risks of the employed pipeline steels corresponding to the impurity level of the gas source. Recent studies have shown that even the high alloyed materials might be susceptible to general and/or localized corrosion by the condensates forming from the impurities such as SOx, NOx, CO, O2 and water [1]. Up to now, however, there is no regulation procedure which defines the maximum acceptable level of impurities and the combination of them for each employed pipeline steels. Herein, systematic experiment series were conducted by mixing pure CO2 gas with varying concentration of each impurity and with the varying combination of them. Each time, the mixture was then fed (1 L/min) into the reactor containing 12 specimens for 120-600 h at 5°C (to simulate the sub-level pipeline transport). The resulted condensate was collected and analyzed by ionic chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition. In this study, the “worst-case scenario” gas mixture, containing 2.5 % H2O, 1.8 % O2, 1000 ppm NO2, and 220 ppm SO2 as impurities, resulted in the condensate containing H2SO4 0.114 M and HNO3 0.0184 M (pH 2.13). This “original” condensate was then re-produced to carry out exposure tests and electrochemical characterization including corrosion potentials and impedance spectroscopy in CO2 saturated condition for 7-14 days at the same temperature. The corrosion rate was also measured by mass loss method. We can conclude that, at the initial stage, HNO3 plays the dominant role in Fe dissolution process, while H2SO4 is responsible for the pit initiation followed by pitting corrosion. Future studies will be focused on the combination effect from the impurities and the exposure test under the regularly changing condensate to mimic the real CO2 pipeline system. T2 - Eurocorr 2016 CY - Montpellier, France DA - 11.09.2016 KW - Carbon capture utilization KW - CO2 KW - Pipeline transport KW - Condensation KW - Corrosion PY - 2016 SP - paper 69810, 1 EP - 2 PB - EFC CY - Montpellier AN - OPUS4-37747 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Kratzig, Andreas A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Synergistic effects of impurities in the condensate on the corrosion of CO2 transport pipeline N2 - For the reliability of transport pipelines the corrosion resistance of the materials used needs to be determined in conditions, which are possible during the transport process. In some situations condensation of components out of the CO2 stream can occur. To study the effect of condensate on transport pipeline steel, a “worst-case scenario” gas mixture, containing 2.5 % H2O, 1.8 % O2, 1000 ppmv NO2, and 220 ppmv SO2, was proposed, fed (1.5 L/min) into a glass reactor containing coupon-shaped specimens for 120 600 h at 278 K (to simulate the underground pipeline transport), and resulted in the condensate containing 0.114 M H2SO4 and 0.0184 M HNO3 (pH 2.13). Basing on this “original” condensate, exposure tests and electrochemical characterization together with pH and conductivity in CO2 saturated condition at the same temperature were carried out. The role of each gas impurity and the combination of them, when the condensate is formed, was studied by investigating the role of individual and varying combination of acidic components in the condensate on the corrosion behaviors of the commercial pipeline-steel (L360NB). It can be concluded that although the condensation of NOx in form of HNO3 causes faster corrosion rate, it is the condensation of SOx or the combination of SOx and NOx that may cause much more severe problems in form of localized and pitting corrosions. Different to the corrosion products formed in CO2 atmosphere without impurities (mainly iron carbonate) the corrosion products resulted from these acidic condensation have no protectability, indicating the need of controlling gas quality during the transportation within the pipeline network. T2 - EUROCORR 2017 - PRAG CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 03.09.2017 KW - CCUS KW - CO2 corrosion KW - Carbon steels KW - Condensate PY - 2017 SP - Paper 75636,.1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-41874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Corrosion Aspects for Materials to be Used in CC(U)S Applications N2 - This contribution provides current findings regarding materials susceptibility for carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) applications. Basing on results gathered in 2 German long-term projects (COORAL and CLUSTER) suitable materials are introduced as well as dominating impurities of the CO2-stream and corrosion mechanisms. Investigations cover the whole CCUS process chain and provide material recommendations for certain parts. T2 - 1st International Conference on Corrosion Protection and Application CY - Chongqing, China DA - 09.10.2019 KW - Carbon KW - Capture KW - Storage KW - Utilization KW - CCS KW - CCU KW - CO2 KW - Corrosion KW - Steel PY - 2019 SP - Paper 31 PB - Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection CY - Chongqing/China AN - OPUS4-49301 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Yevtushenko, Oleksandra A1 - Le, Quynh Hoa A1 - Bettge, Dirk T1 - Suitability of Metallic Materials in CC(U)S Applications N2 - Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is a promising technology to reach the target for reduction of CO2 emissions, e.g. from fossil-fuel operated power plants or cement mills. Crucial points for a sustainable and future-proof CCUS procedure are reliability and cost efficiency of the whole process chain, including separation of CO2 from the source, compression of CO2, its subsequent transportation to the injection site and injection into geological formations, e.g. aquifers. Most components that are in contact with CO2-stream consist of steel. Depending on the operating conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure, and CO2-stream composition) specific suitable steels should be used. The compressed CO2-stream is likely to contain process specific impurities; small amounts of SO2 and NO2 in combination with oxygen and water are most harmful. One approach, as currently preferred by pipeline operators, is to clean the CO2-stream to such levels, acceptable for carbon steel, commonly used as pipeline material. Another consideration would be, to use more corrosion resistant alloys for CO2-streams with higher amounts of impurities. Due to the absence of certified benchmarks for upper limits, systematic experiments with impurities in the CO2-stream were carried out reflecting mainly transport and injection conditions. Within the COORAL project (German acronym for “CO2 purity for capture and storage”) levels of impurities in the CO2-stream, being acceptable when using specific steels, were evaluated. Material exposure to dense or multiphase carbon dioxide (CO2) containing specific amounts of water vapor, oxygen (O2) sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) can be a challenge to steels. In some situations, condensation of impurities and reaction products from the CO2 stream can occur. CO2 saturated brine is supposed to rise in the well when the injection process is interrupted. The material selection shall ensure that neither CO2 nor brine or a combination of both will leak out of the inner tubing. This COORAL-work was extended by a follow-up project, called CLUSTER. Here the additional influence of impurities was investigated when merging CO2 streams from different sources, combined within a “so-called” cluster. Results are summarized within the following table regarding suitability for different parts of the process chain. T2 - EUROCORR 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 20.09.2021 KW - Carbon capture storage KW - Corrosion KW - Steel KW - CCS KW - CCU KW - CO2 PY - 2021 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-53460 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -