TY - JOUR A1 - Engel, P. A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Lußky, Katharina A1 - Pentzien, Simone T1 - Analyse häufig verwendeter europäischer Papiere. Im Fokus: Fasermaterial, Füllstoffe und Leimung JF - Restauro N2 - Restauratoren können verschiedene Papierarten mit dem bloßen Auge aufgrund von Merkmalen in der Textur und der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, seinem Aussehen im Durchlicht sowie an Griff und Klang grob unterscheiden. Dabei ist sich der Restaurator stets der Tatsache bewusst, dass es sich lediglich um eine erste grobe Einschätzung handeln kann. Erst bei mikroskopischen Analysen und physikalischen Experimenten treten Charakteristika zu Tage, die eine weitere Annäherung an die Zusammensetzung des Papiers und damit seiner Provenienz erlauben. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit war es, ein europäisches Hadernpapier, ein holzhaltiges Zeichenpapier und ein Whatman®-Filterpapier mit zwei mikroskopischen Methoden und einer Verbrennungstechnik zu untersuchen. Das Fasermaterial, die Füllstoffe, die Leimung und eventuelle Verunreinigungen wurden detailliert evaluiert. Neben konventioneller Lichtmikroskopie kam die weniger bekannte Umweltrasterelektronenmikroskopie (ESEM = Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy) zum Einsatz, die neben der bildlichen Darstellung der Probenoberflächen zusätzlich eine Elementanalyse derselben gestattet. Letzteres erfordert allerdings das Vorhandensein eines zusätzlichen Röntgenspektrometers. Darüber hinaus wurden die verschiedenen Papiere trocken verascht. Es wurde eine oxidative Zerstörung der organischen Stoffe gewährleistet bis nur noch nichtbrennbare mineralische Asche zu verzeichnen war. Die Komplementarität der eingesetzten Methoden wird demonstriert und ein Einblick in die Zusammensetzung und Struktur der Papiere ermöglicht. Die Analysemethoden sind durch ihren partiell zerstörenden Charakter bzw. Limitierungen hinsichtlich der Objektgröße nur bedingt für die Untersuchung am Original geeignet, sehr wohl aber dafür, das Probenmaterial für Versuchsreihen genau zu definieren und zu standardisieren. PY - 2007 SN - 0933-4017 IS - 7 SP - 472 EP - 477 PB - Callwey CY - München AN - OPUS4-16046 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Hydrogen-Containing Amorphous Carbon Layers as Optical Materials in the Near-IR Spectral Range JF - Plasma processes and polymers N2 - Hydrogenated amorphous carbon layers were deposited on various substrates by means of a plasma CVD process with a RF substrate bias as well as an ECR plasma source. The optical properties of the a-C:H layers were obtained via spectroscopic ellipsometry and correlated with their mechanical and chemical properties. The layers from pure RF plasma exhibit a higher absorption constant in the visible spectral range and a higher refractive index. All layers are nearly transparent in the NIR spectral range making them candidates for optical thin layer systems. The laser damage behaviour of the a-C:H layers was investigated with ultrashort pulses. The damage thresholds were consistent with the absorption constants of the layers. Interesting damage morphologies were observed indicating a sensitivity of this experiment to sub-structures in the layer. KW - Kohlenstoffschichten KW - Optische Konstanten KW - Ellipsometrie KW - Laser-Material-Bearbeitung KW - Amorphous KW - Diamond-like carbon KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Laser ablation KW - Optical proper PY - 2007 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 4 IS - S1 SP - S76 EP - S82 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-14862 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) testing of oxide and metal coatings with sub-30 fs pulses T2 - Workshop on Laser-Induced Damage (LZH Hannover) T2 - Workshop on Laser-Induced Damage (LZH Hannover) CY - Hanover, Germany DA - 2007-07-04 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Mann, Guido A1 - Vogel, Jens A1 - Preuß, Rüdiger A1 - Vaziri, Pouya A1 - Eberstein, Markus A1 - Zoheidi, M. T1 - Nanosecond laser-induced surface damage of preforms and optical multimode fibers T2 - COLA 2007, Conference on Laser Ablation, Guia de Isora T2 - COLA 2007, Conference on Laser Ablation, Guia de Isora CY - Tenerife, Spain DA - 2007-09-24 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14956 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Femtosecond laser interactions with dielectrics and polymers T2 - 4th Users Meeting of the European Network Laserlab-Europe T2 - 4th Users Meeting of the European Network Laserlab-Europe CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 2007-11-28 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-16071 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Laser-Reinigung von Papier, Pergament und Gewebe - Eine Einführung T2 - Fachtagung, Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (HAWK) T2 - Fachtagung, Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (HAWK) CY - Hildesheim, Germany DA - 2007-10-01 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15722 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Sicherheit in der Anwendung der Femtosekunden-Lasertechnologie T2 - Mitgliederversammlung Laserverbund Berlin/Brandenburg T2 - Mitgliederversammlung Laserverbund Berlin/Brandenburg CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2007-01-18 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14455 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Laser-Reinigung von Papier, Pergament und Gewebe T2 - OpTecBB-Fokusseminar "Cultural Heritage", PTB T2 - OpTecBB-Fokusseminar "Cultural Heritage", PTB CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2007-05-03 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14761 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Mann, Guido A1 - Vogel, Jens A1 - Preuß, Rüdiger A1 - Vaziri, Pouya A1 - Eberstein, Markus A1 - Zoheidi, M. T1 - Nanosecond laser damage resistance of optical multimode fibers prepared differently T2 - EMRS 2007 Spring Meeting, Symposium P: Laser synthesis and processing of advanced materials T2 - EMRS 2007 Spring Meeting, Symposium P: Laser synthesis and processing of advanced materials CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 2007-05-28 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14762 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Conradi, Andrea T1 - Cleaning of artificially soiled paper with 532-nm nanosecond laser radiation T2 - EMRS 2007 Spring Meeting, Symposium S: Science & Technology of Cultural heritage Materials : Art conservation and Restoration T2 - EMRS 2007 Spring Meeting, Symposium S: Science & Technology of Cultural heritage Materials : Art conservation and Restoration CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 2007-05-28 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Dufft, Daniela A1 - Koter, Robert A1 - Hertwig, Andreas T1 - Femtosecond laser-induced damage of gold films JF - Applied surface science N2 - Single- and multi-shot ablation thresholds of gold films in the thickness range of 31–1400 nm were determined employing a Ti:sapphire laser delivering pulses of 28 fs duration, 793 nm center wavelength at 1 kHz repetition rate. The gold layers were deposited on BK7 glass by an electron beam evaporation process and characterized by atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry. A linear dependence of the ablation threshold fluence Fth on the layer thickness d was found for d ≤ 180 nm. If a film thickness of about 180 nm was reached, the damage threshold remained constant at its bulk value. For different numbers of pulses per spot (N-on-1), bulk damage thresholds of ~0.7 J cm-2 (1-on-1), 0.5 J cm-2 (10-on-1), 0.4 J cm-2 (100-on-1), 0.25 J cm-2 (1000-on-1), and 0.2 J cm-2 (10000-on-1) were obtained experimentally indicating an incubation behavior. A characteristic layer thickness of Lc ˜ 180 nm can be defined which is a measure for the heat penetration depth within the electron gas before electron–phonon relaxation occurs. Lc is by more than an order of magnitude larger than the optical absorption length of α-1 ˜ 12 nm at 793 nm wavelength. KW - Single- and multi-shot ablation KW - Ti:sapphire laser KW - Gold films PY - 2007 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 253 IS - 19 SP - 7815 EP - 7819 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-15686 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Lerber, K. von ED - Johann Nimmrichter, ED - Kautek, Wolfgang ED - Manfred Schreiner, T1 - Determination of a working range for the laser cleaning of soiled silk T2 - LACONA VI - Lasers in the conservation of artworks (Proceedings) T2 - LACONA VI CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2005-09-21 KW - Laser KW - Cleaning KW - Silk KW - Textiles PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-540-72129-1 SN - 0930-8989 N1 - Serientitel: Springer proceedings in physics – Series title: Springer proceedings in physics IS - 116 SP - 321 EP - 327 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-16380 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lerber, K. von A1 - Strlic, M. A1 - Kolar, J. A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Kennedy, C. A1 - Wess, T. A1 - Sokhan, M. A1 - Kautek, W. ED - Johann Nimmrichter, ED - Kautek, Wolfgang ED - Manfred Schreiner, T1 - Laser cleaning of undyed silk: Indications of chemical change T2 - LACONA VI - Lasers in the conservation of artworks (Proceedings) T2 - LACONA VI CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2005-09-21 KW - Laser KW - Cleaning KW - Silk KW - Textiles KW - Viscometry KW - X-ray diffraction KW - SIMS PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-540-72129-1 SN - 0930-8989 N1 - Serientitel: Springer proceedings in physics – Series title: Springer proceedings in physics IS - 116 SP - 313 EP - 319 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-16379 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Guido A1 - Vogel, Jens A1 - Preuß, Rüdiger A1 - Vaziri, Pouya A1 - Zoheidi, M. A1 - Eberstein, Markus A1 - Krüger, Jörg T1 - Nanosecond laser damage resistance of differently prepared semi-finished parts of optical multimode fibers JF - Applied surface science N2 - Optical multimode fibers are applied in materials processing (e.g. automotive industry), defense, aviation technology, medicine and biotechnology. One challenging task concerning the production of multimode fibers is the enhancement of laser-induced damage thresholds. A higher damage threshold enables a higher transmitted average power at a given fiber diameter or the same power inside a thinner fiber to obtain smaller focus spots. In principle, different material parameters affect the damage threshold. Besides the quality of the preform bulk material itself, the drawing process during the production of the fiber and the preparation of the fiber end surfaces influence the resistance. Therefore, the change of the laser-induced damage threshold of preform materials was investigated in dependence on a varying thermal treatment and preparation procedure. Single and multi-pulse laser-induced damage thresholds of preforms (F300, Heraeus) were measured using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength emitting pulses with a duration of 15 ns, a pulse energy of 12 mJ and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The temporal and spatial shape of the laser pulses were controlled accurately. Laser-induced damage thresholds in a range from 150 J cm-2 to 350 J cm-2 were determined depending on the number of pulses applied to the same spot, the thermal history and the polishing quality of the samples, respectively. KW - Laser ablation KW - Optical fibers KW - Physical radiation damage KW - Radiation treatment KW - Glass transitions KW - Glasses PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.09.032 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 254 IS - 4 SP - 1096 EP - 1100 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-16207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mäder, M. A1 - Holle, H. A1 - Schreiner, M. A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang ED - Johann Nimmrichter, ED - Kautek, Wolfgang ED - Manfred Schreiner, T1 - Traditional and laser cleaning methods of historic picture post cards T2 - LACONA VI - Lasers in the conservation of artworks (Proceedings) T2 - LACONA VI CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2005-09-21 KW - Laser KW - Cleaning KW - Picture Post Card PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-540-72129-1 SN - 0930-8989 N1 - Serientitel: Springer proceedings in physics – Series title: Springer proceedings in physics IS - 116 SP - 281 EP - 286 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-16378 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -